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Co-Encapsulation of Multiple Antineoplastic Agents in Liposomes by Exploring Microfluidics.

The inherent complexity of cancer proliferation and malignancy cannot be addressed by the conventional approach of relying on high doses of a single powerful anticancer agent, which is associated with poor efficacy, higher toxicity, and the development of drug resistance. Multiple drug therapy (MDT) rationally designed to target tumor heterogeneity, block alternative survival pathways, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and reduce toxicities would be a viable solution against cancer. Liposomes are the most suitable carrier for anticancer MDT due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophil

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… Folate targeting was confirmed by the reduced cytotoxicity of the irradiated liposomes in folate-negative A549 cells (IC50 = 4.2 µM) as compared to the folate-positive bladder cancer cells 5637 (IC50 = 2.8 µM). … Image J analysis showed that A549 cells took up Lip-TAT-PEG-SN38/CUR seven times more than Lip-CUR, likely due to TAT-enhanced permeation. The co-encapsulated liposomes induced significantly more A549 cell death than the unencapsulated CUR+SN38 combination. …

Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy.

Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catech

Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer.

Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nano

CRISPR/Cas9: A revolutionary genome editing tool for human cancers treatment.

Cancer is a genetic disease stemming from genetic and epigenetic mutations and is the second most common cause of death across the globe. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an emerging gene-editing tool, acting as a defense system in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds immense potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment and has been utilized to develop cancer disease models such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma mice models. In diagnostics, CRISPR can be used to quickly and efficiently detect genes involved in various cancer development, prol

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… . | Inhibits EMT in cancer cells | 151 ITK | SKOV3 cells | Yes | Possible cancer suppressor gene | 152 BIRC 5 | SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells | Yes | Enhance cell sensitivity to Paclitaxel | 93 Lung cancer | CD38 | A549 cells | Yes | Oncogene | 153 FAK | KRAS NSCLC cells | Yes | Oncogene | 154 RSF1 | H460, … H1299 cells | Yes | Oncogene | 155 EGFR ( L858R ) | H1650 cells | No | Oncogene | 156 IGF1R | HCC827 cells | Yes | Oncogene | 85 GOT1 | A549 cells | Yes | Tumor | 157 KEAP1 | Kras-driven mouse model | Yes | Tumor suppressor | 158 miR-1304 | A549 cells | Yes | Tumor suppressor | 159 Challenges of Using …

Targeting the E2F1/Rb/HDAC1 axis with the small molecule HR488B effectively inhibits colorectal cancer growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, remains highly lethal as the disease only becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage. Growing evidence suggests that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of epigenetic enzymes overexpressed in precancerous lesions of CRC, may represent promising molecular targets for CRC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have gradually become powerful anti-cancer agents targeting epigenetic modulation and have been widely used in the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies, while only few studies on the benefit of HDACis in

The functional role of long noncoding RNA in resistance to anticancer treatment.

Chemotherapy is one of the fundamental methods of cancer treatment. However, drug resistance remains the main cause of clinical treatment failure. We comprehensively review the newly identified roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in oncobiology that are associated with drug resistance. The expression of lncRNAs is tissue-specific and often dysregulated in human cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in chemoresistance of cancer cells. The main lncRNA-driven mechanisms of chemoresistance include regulation of drug efflux, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, e

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… The knockdown of lncRNA ENST00000500843 decreased apoptosis in A549 cells exposed to paclitaxel, which led to paclitaxel-resistance in the LAD cells. 108 The lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is upregulated in human prostate cancer (PC) tissues and docetaxel-resistant PC cells … Oncol Rep 2016 ; 36 : 263 – 270 . 27121324 10.3892/or.2016.4771 99 Xu R Mao YQ Chen KB , et al The long noncoding RNA ANRIL acts as an oncogene and contributes to paclitaxel resistance of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells . …

Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.

Introduction: The toxicity of arsenic is widely recognized globally, mainly harming human health by polluting water, soil, and food. However, its formulations can also be used for the clinical treatment of diseases such as leukemia and tumors. Arsenic has been used as a drug in China for over 2,400 years, with examples such as the arsenic-containing drug realgar mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic. We have reviewed references on arsenic over the past thirty years and found that research has mainly focused on clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects. Results and Discussion: The f

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… Liang et al. (2020) treated lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with different concentrations of ATO (1, 3, and 6 μmol/L) for 12, 24, and 48 h, indicating that ATO can induce apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by downregulating the level of cell cycle genes, upregulating the content of apoptosis-related … Effects of arsenic and its metabolites on cIAP1、cIAP2 and XIAP genes in A549 cells . J. Dali Univ. 6 ( 10 ), 76 – 81 . Chen S. J. Zhou G. B. Zhang X. W. Mao J. H. de Thé H. Chen Z. ( 2011 ). …

The anti-tumor potential of sinomenine: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Currently, chemotherapy is the main treatment for most tumors. However, drug resistance and many adverse reactions associated with chemotherapy greatly limit its use. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have shifted the research focus the anti-tumor activity of traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of this article is to review the anti-tumor mechanism of sinomenine and its derivatives to provide a reference for further study and clinical transformation. METHODS: In this study, we searched for relevant articles on the anti-tumor mechanism of Sinomeniu

Arsenic Sulfide Induces Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Neoplasm Cells Through the Suppression of ABI2.

BackgroundMyelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a category of myeloid malignancies that can progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Arsenic sulfide (As₂S₂) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of MDS. However, further investigation is required to elucidate its specific therapeutic targets.ObjectiveTo examine the influence of ABI2 on MDS and clarify the regulatory role of As₂S₂ on ABI2 within the therapeutic framework of MDS.MethodsTo explore ABI2's role in the expression and prognosis of patients with hematological malignancies, RNA interference was used to reduce ABI2 expression in SKM-

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… Li Y Wang H Zhang L BAI1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer A549 cells by inducing metabolic reprogramming via the SCD1/HMGCR module Oncogene 2020 39 28 5073 86 10.1093/carcin/bgaa036 32255478 Li Y, Wang H, Zhang L, et al. … BAI1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer A549 cells by inducing metabolic reprogramming via the SCD1/HMGCR module. Oncogene. 2020;39(28):5073–86. 10.1093/carcin/bgaa036 32255478 12. …

Targeted treatments of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer.

Until now ~30-40% of patients with advanced lung cancer develop bone metastases, but as the newer therapies are extending survival, the chance of developing bone metastases increases. Bone metastases cause skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy or surgery to bone, or hypercalcemia, which can have debilitating consequences affecting patients' health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and performance status (PS). Poor PS then prevents the patients to receive further lines of treatments, which are available today. SREs are associated

Network pharmacology- and molecular docking-based investigation of the therapeutic potential and mechanism of daucosterol against multiple myeloma.

BackgroundSome studies have shown that daucosterol has potential anti-tumor activity, but its therapeutic effect on multiple myeloma (MM) has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect daucosterol against MM and explore its possible mechanism through network pharmacology.MethodsWe collected daucosterol and approved drugs for MM, and their potential target profiles were obtained. We used 2 major methods to collect the gene sets related to the physiological process of MM. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in the STRING database, the correlation be

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… Daucosterol disturbs redox homeostasis and elicits oxidative-stress mediated apoptosis in A549 cells via targeting thioredoxin reductase by a p53 dependent mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2019;855:112-23. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.051 18. Gao P, Huang X, Liao T, et al. … Beta sitosterol and Daucosterol (phytosterols identified in Grewia tiliaefolia) perturbs cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Sci Rep 2017;7:3418. 10.1038/s41598-017-03511-4 20. Hopkins AL. Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drug discovery. …

Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as Co-Delivery Systems for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

Hybrid nanocarriers have realized a growing interest in drug delivery research because of the potential of being able to treat, manage or cure diseases that previously had limited therapy or cure. Cancer is currently considered the second leading cause of death globally. This makes cancer therapy a major focus in terms of the need for efficacious and safe drug formulations that can be used to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality globally. The major challenge encountered over the years with cancer chemotherapy is the non-selectivity of anticancer drugs, leading to severe adverse effects i

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… Additionally, cytotoxic activity against 4T1 and A549 cells and negligible activity was observed against non-targeted cells, further confirming that this combination therapy is an effective method for treating cancerous cells. 98 Chen and colleagues also designed and developed polydopamine (PDA)-coated …

Fanconi anemia pathway as a prospective target for cancer intervention.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by biallelic mutations in at least one of 22 FA genes. Beyond its pathological presentation of bone marrow failure and congenital abnormalities, FA is associated with chromosomal abnormality and genomic instability, and thus represents a genetic vulnerability for cancer predisposition. The cancer relevance of the FA pathway is further established with the pervasive occurrence of FA gene alterations in somatic cancers and observations of FA pathway activation-associated chemotherapy resistance. In this article we describe the role of th

Fucoidan Structure and Activity in Relation to Anti-Cancer Mechanisms.

Fucoidan is a natural derived compound found in different species of brown algae and in some animals, that has gained attention for its anticancer properties. However, the exact mechanism of action is currently unknown. Therefore, this review will address fucoidans structure, the bioavailability, and all known different pathways affected by fucoidan, in order to formulate fucoidans structure and activity in relation to its anti-cancer mechanisms. The general bioactivity of fucoidan is difficult to establish due to factors like species-related structural diversity, growth conditions, and the ex

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review.

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when a

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… The mechanism with which soy isoflavones boost radiation therapeutic effect is through inhibiting APE1/Ref-1 DNA repair in A549 cells, which leads to cell killing ( Singh-Gupta et al. , 2011 ). …

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology.

Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5-6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with post-stage I disease have been achieved by implementing a combination therapy consisting of radical surgic

Targeting Autophagy Using Long Non-Coding RNAs (LncRNAs): New Landscapes in the Arena of Cancer Therapeutics.

Cancer has become a global health hazard accounting for 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Although different treatment approaches have increased patient overall survival, treatment for advanced stages still suffers from poor clinical outcomes. The ever-increasing prevalence of cancer has led to a reanalysis of cellular and molecular events in the hope to identify and develop a cure for this multigenic disease. Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved catabolic process, eliminates protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the

Gene editing in cancer therapy: overcoming drug resistance and enhancing precision medicine.

The CRISPR system has revolutionized cancer gene therapy, offering unparalleled precision in genetic manipulation for targeted oncogene disruption, mutation correction, and immune system modulation. This breakthrough tool has demonstrated remarkable potential in overcoming drug resistance, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity, and improving immunotherapy strategies such as CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells. Additionally, oncolytic virus-mediated CRISPR delivery has emerged as a novel approach for tumor-specific gene editing, minimizing off-target effects. The rapid transition of CRISPR-based cancer

Old Player-New Tricks: Non Angiogenic Effects of the VEGF/VEGFR Pathway in Cancer.

Angiogenesis has long been considered to facilitate and sustain cancer growth, making the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway an important milestone at the beginning of the 21st century. Originally research on VEGF signaling focused on its survival and mitogenic effects towards endothelial cells, with moderate so far success of anti-angiogenic therapy. However, VEGF can have multiple effects on additional cell types including immune and tumor cells, by directly influencing and promoting tumor cell survival, pr

Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Curcuminoids: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials.

Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenols, mainly extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), and have received much attention due to their pleiotropic anticancer properties. Recent evidence suggests that curcumin and analogs prevent the activation of a variety of signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kB pathways, resulting in the induction of apoptosis, prevention of proliferation, and suppression. In addition to these processes, curcumin has been shown to enhance the efficacy of the conventional anti-cancer modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy. By suppressing the expres

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… When demethoxycurcumin was used on A549 cells, this was proven in a study to reduce cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner through G2/M cell cycle arrest. …