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Photobiomodulation reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by downregulating CXCL10 expression.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have recently highlighted the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in neuropathic pain (NP) relief after spinal cord in … transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Using immunofluorescence co-labeling, astrocytes and microglia were identified as the cells responsible for CXCL10 expression. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway in CXCL10 expression was verified using inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) …

Long-Term Disease Prevention with a Gene Therapy Targeting Oligodendrocytes in a Mouse Model of Adrenomyeloneuropathy.

Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is a late-onset axonopathy of spinal cord tracts caused by mutations of the ABCD1 gene that encodes adrenoleukod … ) at the cervical level, and only 6-7% after 24 months. In addition, 29-32% of cervical spinal cord astrocytes at 3 weeks and 16-19% at 24 months also expressed ALDP. C26:0-lysoPC, a sensitive VLCFA marker of AMN, was lower by 41% and 50%, respectively, in the spinal cord and brain of vector-treated compared with untreated mice. In a nonhuman primate, the in …

SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury through NF-κB signaling.

Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many acute and chronic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SARM1 … SARM1 in neural regeneration after SCI. Results: We found that SARM1 was upregulated in neurons and astrocytes at early stage after SCI. SARM1Nestin-CKO and SARM1GFAP-CKO mice displayed normal development of the spinal cords and motor function. Interestingly, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted the functional recovery of behavior …

The HDAC Inhibitors Scriptaid and LBH589 Combined with the Oncolytic Virus Delta24-RGD Exert Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells.

BACKGROUND: A phase I/II trial for glioblastoma with the oncolytic adenovirus Delta24-RGD was recently completed. Delta24-RGD conditionally … d by viability, caspase-3/7, LDH and LC3B/p62, phospho-p70S6K. Toxicity was studied on normal human astrocytes. MGMT promotor methylation status, TCGA classification, Rb-pathway and integrin gene expression levels were assessed as markers of responsiveness. RESULTS: Scriptaid and LBH589 acted synergistically with Delta24-RGD in approximately 50% of the GSCs …

Oxidative injury to blood vessels and glia of the pre-laminar optic nerve head in human glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible world blindness. Oxidative damage and vascular injury have been implicated in the pathogenesis o … e double-labeled with markers for vascular endothelial cells, perivascular smooth muscle cells, and astrocytes with CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Immunostaining was captured in a masked fashion using confocal microscopy, and defined regions of interest for blood vessels and glial tissue. Intensity …

Effects of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and transforming growth factor-beta on the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells.

Nitric oxide, synthesized by reactive microglia and astrocytes has been implicated in promoting neuronal degeneration observed in many diseases and insults of the central nervous system. We have recently shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed by retinal glial cells following optic nerve transection and that inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis enhances the survival of injured retinal ganglion cells. Anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) have been shown to prevent inducible nitric oxide…

Collagen type IV gene expression in human optic nerve heads with primary open angle glaucoma.

Previous studies have demonstrated proliferation of basement membranes in the optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). We use … ads with POAG and from age-matched normal controls. ISH results demonstrate that, in POAG, numerous astrocytes in the prelaminar region expressed collagen IV mRNA. Lamina cribrosa cells and astrocytes in the compressed lamina cribrosa hybridized the probe. Few astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells hybridized the probe in the optic nerve head of normal age-mat …

Glial cells in neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic, debilitating condition that affects ∼7-8% of the global population and remains difficult to treat because of limited therapeutic options. Over the past two decades, mounting preclinical evidence has highlighted the crucial role of glial cells in the development, maintenance, and resolution of neuropathic pain. Conditions such as peripheral nerve injury are associated with reactive responses of glial cells, namely microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system and satellite glial cells in the peripheral ganglia. Under physiological conditions, glial cells …

Alternative splicing regulates PACC1 function and promotes acidosis-induced cytotoxicity.

INTRODUCTION: PACC1 (also named TMEM206) encodes a proton-activated chloride channel implicated in acid-induced cell death, but its tissue d … form expression in the brain. Quantitative analyses revealed PACC1 localization in both neurons and astrocytes, with higher abundance in astrocytes. Two major splice variants, PACC1-V1 and PACC1-V2, were investigated, distinguished by exon 2 inclusion and exhibiting distinct tissue and developmental expression patterns. Functional assays indicated isoform-sp …

Spatiotemporal clonal architecture of the newborn mouse forebrain.

How hundreds of cell types of the mammalian forebrain emerge from a limited set of progenitor cells during development remains largely unkno … urons, as well as unexplored lineage relationships between late-born medium spiny neurons, striatal astrocytes and distinct subpopulations of the olfactory bulb neurons. We show that clones of GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) neurons with broad regional dispersion are enriched for genes implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our results highlig …

Regional and Cell-Type-Specific Activation of YAP/TAZ Underlies Glial Responses in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), core effectors of the Hippo pathway, are emerging as mechanosensitive regulators of inflammation and tissue repair. However, their roles in neuroinflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal expression of YAP/TAZ in glial cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice. Immunofluorescence revealed selective upregulation and nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ in astrocytes within the spinal cord and specific brain regions following LPS injection…

Lack of synucleins induces an alteration of lipid peroxidation in the brain.

Family proteins - α-, β, γ-synucleins shown to play important roles in metabolism, signal transduction and dopamine handling. Aggregated α-synuclein is neurotoxic and involved in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The mechanism toxicity of aggregated α-synuclein includes lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and ferroptosis but effect of monomeric synucleins on the basal lipid peroxidation is unclear. Using acute brain slices and primary cortical co-culture of neurons and astrocytes from α-, β- and γ-synuclein deficient mice and live cell imaging we studied how lack of synucleins changes the …

Brain and neural cell type proteomics reveal extracellular matrix proteins enriched in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. PMS is defined by … se studies were examined further using proteomes of primary human neural cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells/OPCs) and CNS tissues from PMS mouse models. Extracellular matrix (ECM) related proteins, including the annexin, S100, and AHNAK protein families, were significantly enriched in PMS white matter, especial …

The effect of copper ions on cultured rat glial cells of the cerebral cortex under the action of lipopolysaccharide.

Copper ions (Cu2+) at concentrations of 25-50 μM stimulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in glial cell cultures derived from rat cerebral cortex and containing both astrocytes and microglia. Addition of a higher Cu2+ concentration (100 μM) during LPS stimulation did not significantly increase NO in the incubation medium, while 200 μM Cu2+ decreased this parameter compared to LPS. Cu2+ ions at these concentrations decreased viability of cultured cells. Apparently, the decrease in cell viability is not associated with nitrite accumulation, because the addition of …

Neuroglia in neurodegeneration: Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington disease.

The conspicuous rise of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer (AD), Parkinson (PD), and Huntington (HD) diseases, is currently without disease-modifying therapies and accompanied by an excessive rate of unsuccessful clinical trials. This reflects a profound lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, indicating that the current paradigms guiding disease modeling and drug development are in need of reconsideration. The role of neuroglia, namely astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases emerged during …

TGFα контролирует контрольно-пропускные пункты в СНК, проживающих в них, и внедряет иммунные клетки в целях содействия урегулированию проблемы воспаления.

После острых повреждений в центральной нервной системе (КНС) взаимодействие микроглий, астроцитов и проникновение иммунных клеток принимает решение об их разрешении или хронизации. Однако этот перекрестный разговор CNS-интригинальный характерен плохо. Анализируя образцы цереброспайнальной жидкости (CSF) пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS), а также образцы CNS женских мышей с экспериментальным аутоиммунным энцефаломиелитом (EAE), т.е. С помощью механистических исследований in vitro, в парадигмах лечения vivo, последовательности scRNA, моделей генетического возмущения CRISPR-Cas9 и MRI в мо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
After acute lesions in the central nervous system (CNS), the interaction of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating immune cells decides over their resolution or chronification. However, this CNS-intrinsic cross-talk is poorly characterized. Analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients as well as CNS samples of female mice …

Vanishing white matter.

"Vanishing white matter" (VWM) is a leukodystrophy caused by autosomal recessive pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the subunits of e … white matter of the central nervous system due to dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and in particular astrocytes. Organs other than the brain are rarely affected, with the exception of the ovaries. The reason for the selective vulnerability of the white matter of the central nervous system and, less consistently, the ovaries is poorly understood. eIF2B is a ce …

Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 in neuroinflammation of canine brains.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid mediator that is involved in multiple biological processes. The S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR) s … ibody was used for immunohistochemistry. In normal brain tissues, S1PR1s were expressed on neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells. In MUE and EAE lesions, there was positive staining of S1PR1 on leukocytes. Furthermore, the expression of S1PR1 on neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells was upregulated compared to no …

JC virus spread is potentiated by glial replication and demyelination-linked glial proliferation.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating infection of the immunosuppressed brain, mediated by the gliotropic polyomavirus JCV. JCV replicates in human glial progenitor cells and astrocytes, which undergo viral T-antigen-triggered mitosis, enabling viral replication. We asked whether JCV spread might therefore be accelerated by glial proliferation. Using both in vitro analysis and a human glial chimeric mouse model of JCV infection, we found that dividing human astrocytes supported JCV propagation to a substantially greater degree than did mitotically quiescent cells. Accor…

Novel antidepressant mechanism of hypericin: Role of connexin 43-based gap junctions.

Hypericin is widely utilized for its precise antidepressant properties, but its exact antidepressant mechanism remains unclear. Gap junctions, which were predominantly expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system, are concerned with the pathogenesis of depression. However, the role of hypericin in gap junctional dysfunction in depression has rarely been investigated. Here, we found that gap junctions were ultra-structurally broadened in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model of depression, while hypericin repaired the dysfunction of gap junctions. Suppression of gap junction…