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Rectal Microbiome Composition Correlates with Humoral Immunity to HIV-1 in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques.

The microbiome is an integral and dynamic component of the host and is emerging as a critical determinant of immune responses; however, its … Prevotella abundance also negatively correlated with rectal HIV-1 specific IgG levels. While rectal Lactobacillus was unaltered following DNA vaccination, baseline Lactobacillus abundance showed strong associations with higher rectal HIV-1 gp140 IgA induced following a protein boost. Similarly, the abundance of Clostridium in cluster IV was associated with high …

Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Lead to Production of Interleukin 17 by Intrahepatic γδ T-Cell Receptor-Positive Cells and Pathogenesis of Cholestatic Liver Disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Variants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholest … cells-particularly of IL17A+ Vγ6Jγ1 γδ TCR+ cells. Fecal samples from Mdr2-/- mice were enriched in Lactobacillus, and liver tissues were enriched in Lactobacillus gasseri compared with control mice. Mdr2-/- mice also had increased intestinal permeability. The γδ TCR+ cells isolated from Mdr2-/- livers produced IL17 in response to heat-killed L gasseri. Intrape …

Lactobacilli-Fermented Chia Seeds as a Potential Anti-Hypertensive Agent.

Hypertension is a prevalent disorder that results in millions of deaths worldwide. In this regard, timely diagnosis and effective treatment are paramount for maintaining optimal blood pressure levels in the early stages of the disease. The objective of the present study was to synthesize and assess the effect of peptides derived from chia seeds that had undergone fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 2501 (hereinafter referred to as LPDP, i.e., L. paracasei-derived products from this fermentation) on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Effect of grape pomace fermented with probiotic microorganisms on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry and some cecal microorganisms in broiler chickens.

Grape pomace (GP) is a by-product of the fruit juice and wine industries. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of GP and fermented grape pomace (FGP) on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry and some cecal microorganisms in broiler chickens. The GP was fermented using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Aspergillus niger. One hundred and fifty chicks were assigned to five dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated five times with six birds per re…

Effectiveness of Daily Mouthrinsing with 2% Green Coffee Solution on Oral Health of Young Adults: A Randomized Control Trial.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of daily mouthrinsing with a 2% green coffee solution on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of dental plaque and saliva among young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred college adults were randomly assigned (n = 100) to the experimental - green coffee mouthrinse and control groups - distilled water as mouthrinses for 3 months. The baseline data pertaining to quantitative parameters - oral hygiene index (OHI), plaque index (PI), microbiological colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and qualitative parame…

Effects of Pea (Pisum sativum) Prebiotics on Intestinal Iron-Related Proteins and Microbial Populations In Vivo (Gallus gallus).

Iron deficiency remains a public health challenge globally. Prebiotics have the potential to improve iron bioavailability by modulating inte … ast, CDC Striker Cotyledon (dark-green-pigmented) significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). Subsequently, the two dark-pigmented treatment groups (CDC Striker Cotyledon and CDC Dakota seed coats) recorded the highest expression of DCYTB. Our study suggests that soluble extracts from the pea seed coat and dark-pigmented pea coty …

Вагинальные микробиомы южноафриканских беременных женщин, живущих с вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), с хламидией трахоматисом и без него.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Инфекции гениталий хламидии по-прежнему являются серьезной проблемой для здоровья населения во всем мире. Предыдущие исследования показали, что инфекция хламидии трахоматис изменяет вагинальную микробиоту инфицированных женщин. В ходе этого исследования были изучены различия в вагинальном микробиоме южноафриканских беременных женщин, живущих с ВИЧ-инфекцией и без К. трахоматисом. МЕТОДЫ: Это было перекрестное исследование среди 385 беременных женщин, принятых на работу в больницу им. короля Эдуарда VIII в Дурбане, Южная Африка. С. трахоматис был обнаружен с помощью прикл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia genital infections continue to be a serious health concern globally. Previous studies have reported that Chlamydia tra … . 24.03%) were more abundant in the C. trachomatis-infected group compared to the uninfected group. Lactobacillus iners were also more abundant in the C. trachomatis-infected women (28.30%) compared to the uninfected women. However, these observed patterns did not reach statistical significance. Discriminant analysis showed that the class Alpha-Proteobacteria; …

Bactericidal and non-cytotoxic activity of bacteriocin produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F9-02 and evaluation of its tolerance to various physico-chemical conditions.

This study aims to explore novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from breast-fed infants' faeces towards characterizing their antimicrobial compound, bacteriocin. The LAB, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F9-02 showed strong antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. Their proteinaceous nature was confirmed as the activity was completely abolished when treated with proteinaceous enzymes and retained during neutral pH and catalase treatment. The purified bacteriocin showed antimicrobial activity at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.56 μg/ml against vancomycin-resistant Entero

Application of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to Achieve Term Pregnancies in Women with Repetitive Abortion or Infertility of Unknown Origin by Microbiological and Immunological Modulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem.

In this study, the cervicovaginal environment of women with reproductive failure (repetitive abortion, infertility of unknown origin) was assessed and compared to that of healthy fertile women. Subsequently, the ability of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to increase pregnancy rates in women with reproductive failure was evaluated. Vaginal pH and Nugent score were higher in women with reproductive failure than in fertile women. The opposite was observed regarding the immune factors TGF-β 1, TFG-β 2, and VEFG. Lactobacilli were detected at a higher frequency and concentration in fertile wo…

A Listeria monocytogenes clone in human breast milk associated with severe acute malnutrition in West Africa: A multicentric case-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health problem affecting children under the age of five in many low- and middl … igher inhibition diameter (15.7 mm (SD 2.3) in controls versus 3.5 mm (SD 4.6) in SAM, p = 0.0001). Lactobacillus and Streptococcus isolated from the breast milk of controls inhibit L. monocytogenes in a species-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study reveals a previously unsuspected carriage of L. monocytogenes in the breast milk of West African …

Distinct Immune Responses Elicited From Cervicovaginal Epithelial Cells by Lactic Acid and Short Chain Fatty Acids Associated With Optimal and Non-optimal Vaginal Microbiota.

Non-optimal vaginal microbiota, as observed in bacterial vaginosis (BV), is typically characterized by a depletion of beneficial lactobacill … hysiologically relevant concentrations of SCFAs and succinic acid at pH 3.9 (as found in women with lactobacillus-dominated microbiota) LA induced an anti-inflammatory state in cervicovaginal epithelial cells and inhibited inflammation elicited by the toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and Pam3CSK4. When cervicovaginal epithelial …

DNA methylation signatures to predict the cervicovaginal microbiome status.

BACKGROUND: The composition of the microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Whether there is a direct association between the cervicovaginal microbiome and the host's epigenome is largely unexplored. RESULTS: Here we analyzed a total of 448 cervicovaginal smear samples and studied both the DNA methylome of the host and the microbiome using the Illumina EPIC array and next-generation sequencing, respectively. We found that those CpGs that are hypo-methylated in samples with non-lactobacilli (O-type) dominating communities are strongly associated with gastrointestinal dif

Functional in vitro screening of probiotic strains for inoculation of piglets as a prophylactic measure towards Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), being the major cause of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in newly weaned piglets, induces poor perform … 8, and grow on porcine milk oligosaccharides. Strains included in the screening were of the species Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus. Our in vitro screening demonstrated genus-, species and strain-specific differences in the mode of action of the tested probiotic strains. Some of the tested bifidobacteria were able to grow on the two po …

Severe Intestinal Dysbiosis in Rat Models of Short Bowel Syndrome with Ileocecal Resection.

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) resulting from extensive intestinal resection is thought to significantly affect gut microbiota. Data … sity of the ICR group was remarkably lower than that of the sham group. ICR rats were enriched with Lactobacillus and opportunistic pathogens from Proteobacteria but depleted of commensal genera belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families. Genera from the Bacteroidales S24-7 group, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Riken …

Celiac Disease and the Microbiome.

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that changes in both the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome are associated with a number of chronic inflammatory diseases including celiac disease (CD). One of the major advances in the field of microbiome studies over the last few decades has been the development of culture-independent approaches to identify and quantify the components of the human microbiota. The study of nucleic acids DNA and RNA found in feces or other biological samples bypasses the need for tissue cultures and also allows the characterization of non-cultivable m

Safety, functional properties and technological performance in whey-based media of probiotic candidates from human breast milk.

We aimed at isolating and characterising microorganisms present in human breast milk with probiotic potential. In an 8-week postpartum sampling period, two strains of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum LM7a and Bifidobacterium dentium LM8a') and four strains of lactobacilli were isolated, all during the first 4-week postpartum. B. longum LM7a and B. dentium LM8a', together with four strains previously isolated from breast milk (Bifidobacterium lactis INL1, INL2, INL4 and INL5), were considered for further studies. Susceptibility of the strains to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, st

Salivary Gluten Degradation and Oral Microbial Profiles in Healthy Individuals and Celiac Disease Patients.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy induced by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Saliva harbors the second highest bacterial load of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after the colon. We hypothesized that enzymes produced by oral bacteria may be involved in gluten processing in the intestine and susceptibility to celiac disease. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary enzymatic activities and oral microbial profiles in healthy subjects versus patients with classical and refractory CD. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from patients with

Early pregnancy vaginal microbiome trends and preterm birth.

BACKGROUND: Despite decades of attempts to link infectious agents to preterm birth, an exact causative microbe or community of microbes remains elusive. Nonculture 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing suggests important racial differences and pregnancy specific changes in the vaginal microbial communities. A recent study examining the association of the vaginal microbiome and preterm birth documented important findings but was performed in a predominantly white cohort. Given the important racial differences in bacterial communities within the vagina as well as persistent racial disparities in pre

Differential impact of lactose/lactase phenotype on colonic microflora.

BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose divides the world's population into two phenotypes that may be risk variability markers for several diseases. Prebiotic effects likely favour lactose maldigesters who experience lactose spilling into their colon. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of fixed-dose lactose solutions on fecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in digesters and maldigesters, and to determine whether the concept of a difference in ability to digest lactose is supported. METHODS: A four-week study was performed in 23 lactose maldigesters and 18 digesters. Following two weeks of

Preterm labor and bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria among urban women.

AIMS: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects millions of women, is extremely prevalent and is frequently chronic. We recognize numerous microbiolo … olled. RESULTS: We found that high median levels of Gardnerella vaginalis and low median levels of Lactobacillus crispatus were significantly predictive of SPTB. Slightly higher levels of Megasphaera-like species were also found among the group of women experiencing a SPTB during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Further identification of the individual attr …