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Стойкость к ДДТ в Западной Африке и Азии (Aedes aegypti (L.).

В регионе Карибского бассейна и в Юго-Восточной Азии, но не в Западной Африке, наблюдается резистентность к ДДТ у комаров желтой лихорадки Aedes aegypti. В связи с этим штаммы в Западной Африке были сопоставлены с штаммами в Юго-Восточной Азии с точки зрения их реакции на отбор лабораторий с использованием ДДТ. Было установлено, что на начальном этапе штаммы в Западной Африке были гораздо медленнее, но в конечном итоге они могли бы повысить степень устойчивости к ДДТ. При переходе и обратном пересечении с чувствительным штаммом маркера-гена было установлено, что это сопротивление было вызвано

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti has developed resistance to DDT in the Caribbean region and in South-East Asia, but not in West Afri … y 25 units, comparable to that in Caribbean strains previously studied. Material from Karachi, West Pakistan, developed a dieldrin-resistance also showing 25% crossing over with y, and a DDT-resistance also linked with this chromosome-2 marker gene.

Phytomedicine-based and Quadruple Therapies in Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Comparative, Randomized Trial.

CONTEXT: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is strongly associated with the development of gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric carcinoma. Emerging antibiotic resistance and patients' poor compliance with modern therapies have resulted in increasing eradication failure. OBJECTIVES: The current trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of current quadruple and phytomedicine-based therapies for the eradication of H pylori infection and relief of its associated symptoms in Pakistan. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, cont…

A prospective population-based study of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in the setting of prolonged labor, obstructed labor and failure to progress in low- and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: This population-based study sought to quantify maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries associated with obstructed labor, prolonged labor and failure to progress (OL/PL/FTP). METHODS: A prospective, population-based observational study of pregnancy outcomes was performed at seven sites in Argentina, Guatemala, India (2 sites, Belgaum and Nagpur), Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia. Women were enrolled in pregnancy and delivery and 6-week follow-up obtained to evaluate rates of OL/PL/FTP and outcomes resulting from OL/PL/FTP, including: mate…

Repeated Mini-CEX encounters as a workplace-based learning tool for final-year dental students: a convergent mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Workplace-based assessment is increasingly emphasized in competency-based health professions education because it allows direct observation of learners in authentic clinical settings. The Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) is widely used in medical education, but its use in undergraduate dental education, particularly in Pakistan, remains limited. This study explored changes associated with repeated Mini-CEX encounters among final-year dental students and examined students' reflective experiences related to feedback, confidence, and learning. METHODS: A convergent parall…

Leveraging algal-derived biopolymers to alleviate multi-metal phytotoxicity and enhance maize growth in industrially contaminated soils.

Heavy metal contamination of industrial soils severely constrains crop productivity and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated effectiveness of algal-derived biopolymer carrageenan in mitigating multi-metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) toxicity and improving maize performance in naturally contaminated soils from four industrial zones of Pakistan (Kasur, Faisalabad, Sialkot, and Korangi). A pot experiment with graded carrageenan levels (0-200 mg kg-1) revealed significant improvements in soil physicochemical properties, including increases in pH (≈10-11%) and electrical conductivity (61-94%), a…

Validating the 2-minute walk test MCID for subacute stroke patients: A Pakistani multicenter cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: The 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) is a simple and reliable test used by clinicians to evaluate mobility gains in stroke populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) in subacute stroke populations. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING: The study was carried out across seven rehabilitation centers in Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS: 150 adults (<180 days post-stroke),with a confirmed ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, able to walk at least 10 meters, and Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥24. INTERV…

Phonological awareness in Urdu language speaking children with down syndrome (DS).

INTRODUCTION: Phonological awareness (PA) is a vital part of literacy development. With dearth of evidence on phonological processing among Urdu-speaking children with down syndrome (DS), current study was conducted to determine the association between response time on rapid naming tasks and phonological awareness performance in children with Down syndrome. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study that used cross-sectional design was carried out with 48 children with DS and who are Urdu speaking children (4-12 years) at three rehabilitation centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Rapid automatized naming and…

Migraine in the Corporate Sector: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Job Efficiency Impact, and Management Strategies.

BACKGROUND Migraine, a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache, significantly impacts individuals worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate migraine prevalence, identify key risk factors, assess the impact on job performance, and explore commonly used management strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved corporate sector employees visiting outpatient neurology departments in Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to quantify the overall burden of migraine. Inferential statistics, including the Mann-Whitney U test and Krusk…

From Narcissism to Violence: The Mediating Role of Conflict in Pakistani Married Romantic Partnerships.

Narcissistic personality traits typically involve patterns of entitlement, self-centeredness, and a need for admiration, which may contribute to maladaptive interpersonal outcomes. However, the pathways through which these traits lead to Inter-partner violence are under-researched, especially in the Global South. Therefore, the current study aims to address this gap using a cross-sectional research design. The data were collected from 251 married couples, aged between 25 and 40 years (M = 33.49, SD = 4.81). Participants were provided with well-established and psychometrically sound measures, i

Asynchronous Teledentistry for Caries Detection: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Asynchronous teledentistry has the potential to address oral health disparities by enabling remote caries detection in underserved regions. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of asynchronous, image-based caries detection performed by general dentists in comparison with remote assessments by restorative dentists (reference standard) and clinical examinations by general dentists. METHODS: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Mithi, Pakistan. Intraoral images (n = 3350) were captured using a custom-built mobile application, both wit…

Mean deflection angle, anterior and posterior length of the cranial base in Pakistani population with different sagittal skeletal malocclusion.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the mean deflection angles as well as the anterior and posterior lengths of the cranial base in different sagittal skeletal patterns. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Jati Umrah, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2022 to May 2023, and comprised orthodontic patients of either gender aged 8-20 years. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the patients were traced on lead acetate tracing sheet with 0.03mm mechanical pencil. Outcome variables for the cranial base nasion-sella-articulare, nasi…

Uncovering rare somatic variants in olfactory receptor genes in Pakistani triple-negative breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous illness in terms of histologic variants, natural history of disease, clinical behaviour, and response to therapy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically aggressive tumour with the worst prognosis among all subtypes, owing to higher grade and high proliferation capacity, and, restricted therapeutic choices. Despite numerous attempts to identify therapeutic aberrations that can be targeted, chemotherapy continues to be the primary systemic treatment for TNBC. It should be noted, however, that multiple studies have shown racial variatio

Biochemical profiling and antioxidant evaluation of Martynia annua and Polygonum viviparum: investigating hepatoprotective properties against abiotic stress.

The liver is the second largest organ in the body, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating metabolism. However, the prevalence of liver diseases has been rising steadily due to an increase in both infectious and non-infectious factors. Medicinal plants offer a remarkable opportunity to enhance our healthcare system by addressing various diseases through their ability to control oxidative stress and support metabolic processes. This revision improves readability while retaining the original meaning. In the present study, purified methanol extracts of Martynia annua and

Novel bi-allelic variants in DNAH10 lead to multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella and male infertility.

Multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella (MMAF) is a severe form of asthenoteratozoospermia, characterized by morphological abnormalities and reduced motility of sperm, causing male infertility. Although approximately 60% of MMAF cases can be explained genetically, the etiology of the remaining cases is unclear. Here, we identified two novel compound heterozygous variants in the gene, dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 ( DNAH10 ), in three patients from two unrelated Pakistani families using whole-exome sequencing (WES), including one compound heterozygous mutation ( DNAH10 : c.9409C…

A novel frameshift variant in AXDND1 may cause multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in a consanguineous Pakistani family.

The syndrome of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one of the most serious kinds of sperm defects, leading to asthenoteratozoospermia and male infertility. In this study, we use whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic factors that account for male infertility in a patient born from a consanguineous Pakistani couple. A homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1399_1402del; p.Gln468ArgfsTer2) in axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1 ( AXDND1 ) was identified in the patient. Sanger sequencing data showed that the mutation was cosegregated recessively with m…

Identification of mutation in ASPM gene in microcephaly families from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

BACKGROUND: Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a reduced head circumference, non-progressive intellectual disabi … is study, two families (A and B) of Pashtun ethnicity from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan were recruited. The phenotype in both families suggested the involvement of the ASPM gene, leading to its analysis via Sanger sequencing in affected members. For Family A, RNA was isolated from whole blood samples to assess the impact of the identif …

Effect of carotid sinus massage in terminating the episodes of supraventricular tachycardia.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common cardiac arrhythmia marked by an abnormally fast heart rate, leading to significant patient discomfort and frequent visits to emergency departments. Carotid sinus massage (CSM) is a widely used vagal maneuver employed to rapidly stop SVT episodes. This research investigates the success and safety profile of CSM in treating SVT among Pakistani patients, offering critical insights for its use in emergency medical practices. A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in the Medicine Department of CMH Hospital, Multan, Pakistan, from Janu…

Skin and beyond: Demographics, clinical features and systemic involvement of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in Pakistani population.

BackgroundLupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease with skin being the most important organ involved and presents as LE specific and LE nonspecific lesions.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical demographics, systemic involvement and disease impact on daily lives of patients of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE).MethodologyA cross sectional study of a total of 135 patients who presented with cutaneous symptoms were enrolled. Informed consent was taken. Detailed History, examination, clinical features, laboratory and radiograph investigations were conducted to assess the systemic involvem

Multiplexed immunohistochemical evaluation of small bowel inflammatory and epithelial parameters in environmental enteric dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is characterized by reduced absorptive capacity and barrier function of the small intestine, leading to poor ponderal and linear childhood growth. OBJECTIVES: To further define gene expression patterns that are associated with EED to uncover new pathophysiology of this disorder. METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from cohorts of children with EED from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Zambia were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to interrogate gene products that distinguished differentiation and various biochemical pathways in immune and epithelial ce…

Evaluating quality of life changes in patients with cleft lip or palate: a mixed method pre- and postsurgical analysis in Karachi.

BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is the most common orofacial congenital disability, presenting significant medical, psychological, and social challenges. In Pakistan, the incidence of CLP is high, estimated at one in 523 live births, but accurate data are lacking due to the absence of a birth registry. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of CLP on patients' quality of life in Karachi, comparing pre- and post-surgical phases. METHODS: A sequential exploratory quantitative-qualitative mixed-methods study was conducted at…