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Optimized intracellular flow cytometry panel enables CD4 and CD8 T cell cytokine profiling in Syrian hamsters.

The Syrian golden hamster has emerged as a valuable animal model in challenge experiments and vaccine efficacy studies, particularly for infectious diseases that are poorly represented in mice. In recent years, research has demonstrated that hamsters can better recapitulate certain human infectious diseases compared to mice. Syrian hamsters are used in studies with Yellow fever virus, Helicobacter spp., Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Japanese encephalitis, Nipah virus, Adenovirus, Influenza A/B, and SARS-CoV-2, among others. However, the model has been limited by a lack of immunological tools,…

Integrated analysis of protein sequence and structure redefines viral diversity and the taxonomy of the Flaviviridae.

The Flaviviridae are a family of non-segmented positive-sense enveloped RNA viruses containing significant pathogens including hepatitis C virus and yellow fever virus. Recent large-scale metagenomic surveys have identified many diverse RNA viruses related to classical orthoflaviviruses and pestiviruses but quite different genome lengths and configurations, and with a hugely expanded host range that spans multiple animal phyla, including molluscs, cnidarians and stramenopiles,, and plants. Grouping of RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) hallmark gene sequences of flavivirus and 'flavi-like' vir…

Helminth driven gut inflammation and microbial translocation associate with altered vaccine responses in rural Uganda.

Vaccine responses are sometimes impaired in rural, low-income settings. Helminth-associated gut barrier dysfunction and microbial translocat … their associations with baseline helminth infection, praziquantel treatment, and responses to BCG, yellow fever, typhoid, HPV, and tetanus-diphtheria vaccines. Sm associated positively with fCAL and FOB, hookworm with I-FABP2, and any helminth with EndoCab IgM, fCAL and FOB. Sm associated inversely with sCD14. Praziquantel treatment reduced all marker concent …

Dissecting the host determinants of flavivirus infection using QIC-seq.

Flaviviruses are genetically related, yet cause distinct disease patterns ranging from hepatitis and vascular shock syndrome to encephalitis … tor requirements and host transcriptional response to flaviviral challenge. We show that dengue and yellow fever viruses are strictly dependent on subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, while the more distantly related West Nile and Langat viruses are dependent on components of the ER-associated degradation machinery. Our data further shows virus-i …

Larvicide activity of yeast-encapsulated orange oil against Aedes albopictus.

Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are important vectors for arboviruses causing diseases like dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and urban yellow fever. Aedes aegypti has been prioritized as the key species in the development of new control strategies. However, Aedes albopictus coexists with Ae. aegypti and can occupy its ecological niche in some scenarios. In this respect, it is important to assess the efficacy of new control tools against both mosquito species. In this report, we describe the efficacy of yeast-encapsulated orange oil (YEOO) against two lineages of Ae. albopictus obtained from different …

Orthoflavivirus Vaccine Platforms: Current Strategies and Challenges.

The orthoflaviviruses genus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Orthoflaviviruses include major clinically relevant arthropod-borne human viruses such as Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis virus. These viruses pose an increasing threat to global health due to the expansion of arthropod habitats, urbanization, and climate change. While vaccines have been developed for certain orthoflaviviruses with varying levels of success, critical challenges remain in achieving broadly deployable vaccines that combine a robust safety profile with durable immunity against many c…

Auto-Abs against type I IFNs: Strong, common, and global determinants of severe arboviral diseases.

Human-tropic pathogenic arboviruses are spreading worldwide. There is immense interindividual clinical variability following infection with … ort studies for WNV and TBEV. They can also account severe adverse reactions to the live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine. AAN-I-IFN are present before arboviral infection and are the cause of severe disease. Carriers of these auto-Abs are common worldwide (>100 million people), have a very high risk of severe disease (relative risk >100), and account for …

Characterizing adolescent vaccination in publicly funded national immunization programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of the literature.

This review aimed to characterize adolescent vaccination schedules in publicly funded national immunization programs in Latin America and th … t vaccines in 43, and meningococcal vaccines in 10. Catch-up vaccination for hepatitis B in 17, and yellow fever in all 13 endemic countries/territories. VCRs were primarily available for HPV. The findings of this review underscore the need to prioritize adolescent vaccination, improve accessibility, and strengthen tracking infrastructure to ensure comprehensi …

Trained immunity-inducing vaccines: Harnessing innate memory for vaccine design and delivery.

While the efficacy of many current vaccines is well-established, various factors can diminish their effectiveness, particularly in vulnerabl … ons, underscoring their role in reducing neonatal mortality and combating diseases like malaria and yellow fever. We also highlight novel strategies to boost vaccine efficacy, incorporating TRIM inducers into vaccine formulations to enhance both specific and non-specific immune responses. This approach promises significant advancements in vaccine development, …

A taste of a toxin paradise: Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacterial secondary metabolites against Aedes aegypti larvae and eggs.

Aedes-transmitted arboviral infections such as Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika and Chikungunya are increasing public health problems. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria are promising sources of effective compounds with important biological activities. This study investigated the effects of cell-free supernatants of X. szentirmaii, X. cabanillasii and P. kayaii against Ae. aegypti eggs and larvae and identified the bioactive larvicidal compound in X. szentirmaii using The EasyPACId method. Among the three tested bacterial species, X. cabanillasii exhibited the highest (96%) egg hatching inhibitio…

Serological Evidence of Zika Virus Infections in Sudan.

Little is known about the frequency of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Sudan. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of ZIKV infections and the immunity of the population in the country. To this end, 198 sera obtained between December 2012 and January 2013 in different regions in Sudan were examined for neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). The sera were non-randomly selected. The neutralization titers were compared with each other and with the WHO 1st International Standard for anti-Asian lineage Zika virus antibody. Twent…

Surgical intervention of a giant bronchogenic cyst in the right middle lobe with recurrent infections: a case report.

Bronchogenic cysts, a rare congenital pulmonary disorder, typically affect young adults and are often managed conservatively. However, large cysts with recurrent infections require surgical intervention. This case study highlights the successful management of a large bronchogenic cyst. A 53-year-old female presented with a decade-long history of recurrent respiratory infections manifesting as cough, yellow purulent sputum, and shortness of breath. Chest computed tomography revealed a large bronchogenic cyst in the right middle lobe, causing cardiac compression. Despite conservative management,

The recent re-emergence of human monkeypox: Would it become endemic beyond Africa?

Viral outbreaks still become global health challenges, for instance, influenza A viruses, Japanese encephalitis, Ebola virus, Yellow fever, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 7 May 2022, another outbreak of monkeypox also has been reported in European countries and the United States. Meanwhile, the monkeypox virus is previously endemic only in the western and central parts of Africa. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, although the primary animal reservoir remains unknown. This article concisely reviews the monkeypox virus, its transmission, pathogenesis, and …

International Travel Vaccine Recommendations for Children.

Children are at risk of contracting diseases while traveling internationally. Beyond the importance of receiving routine vaccinations, physi … travel-specific vaccination recommendations (ie, dengue, cholera, typhoid, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies). Physicians can encourage parents to consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for travel vaccine recommendations (https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel). Children must remain up to date on universally …

A molecular atlas of innate immunity to adjuvanted and live attenuated vaccines, in mice.

Adjuvants hold great potential in enhancing vaccine efficacy, making the understanding and improving of adjuvants critical goals in vaccinol … We find that 3M-052-Alum/OVA induces a robust antiviral and interferon gene program, similar to the yellow fever vaccine, which is known to confer long-lasting protection. Activation of myeloid cells in dLNs persists through day 28 and single cell analysis reveals putative TF-gene regulatory programs in distinct myeloid cells and heterogeneity of monocytes. Th …

Trend Analysis of Travel Medicine Topics Presented at an International Tropical Medicine Conference.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapid increase in international travel. Travel medicine is a branch of preventive medicine focusing on risk assessment pre-travel, during travel and post-travel with the aim of promoting health and preventing adverse health outcomes. Travel medicine specialists inform travelers about potential health risks and mitigate infectious disease risks such as travelers' diarrhea, yellow fever, and malaria. Travel medicine topics were popular in the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene conferences between 2016 and 2020, and now comprise approxima…

Cecal ameboma and a liver abscess mimicking metastatic colonic cancer. An autochthonous infectious disease in Spain?

We present the case of 52 years-old male without any recent travel. He was admitted to our department for a history of fever and abdominal pain. A CT scan showed a cecal thickening and liver mass with suspected cecal carcinoma with infected necrotic liver metastasis. Although the colonoscopy revealed a bulky submucosal wall thickening with a fibrined ulcer with yellow granulating located in the cecum, the percutaneous drainage revealed a positive PCR for Entamoeba histolytica, with improvement with metronidazole treatment. Ameboma are ulcerative, exophytic, inflammatory masses up to 15 cm in d

Vaccination as a possible trigger for immune-mediated necrotising myopathy.

Immune-mediated necrotising myopathy is a rare autoimmune myopathy characterised by severe progressive muscle weakness, elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), and necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltration on muscle biopsy. We report a case of a previously healthy 42-year-old woman who presented with progressive muscle weakness 2 weeks after immunisation for yellow fever, tetanus/diphtheria and hepatitis B. Her symptoms started from the lower limbs and progressed to the upper limbs and cervical region associated with dysphagia, making her wheelchair bound. Electromyography showed a…

Three-dimensional structure of a flavivirus dumbbell RNA reveals molecular details of an RNA regulator of replication.

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) including dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses have an RNA genome encoding one open reading frame flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). The 3' UTRs of MBFVs contain regions of high sequence conservation in structured RNA elements known as dumbbells (DBs). DBs regulate translation and replication of the viral RNA genome, functions proposed to depend on the formation of an RNA pseudoknot. To understand how DB structure provides this function, we solved the x-ray crystal structure of the Donggang virus DB to 2.1Å resolution and used str…

Flavivirus NS1 и его потенциал в разработке вакцин.

Флавивирусный род содержит множество важных человеческих патогенов, включая денге, японский энцефалит (JE), трансмиссивный энцефалит (BBE), Западный Нил (WN), желтую лихорадку (YF) и вирус Зика (ZIK). Несмотря на наличие эффективных вакцин от нескольких ароматических заболеваний (JE, TBE и YF), большинство из них не имеют вакцин, включая WN и ZIK. Белок неструктурного цвета 1 (NS1) имеет необычную структурную функцию, так как он гликозилирован и формирует различные структуры, облегчающие различные роли внутри клетки и вне клетки, включая роли в реплицированном комплексе, помощь в сборе вируса

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Flavivirus genus contains many important human pathogens, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF) and Zika (ZIK) viruses. While there are effective vaccines for a few flavivirus diseases (JE, TBE and YF), the majority do not have vaccines, including WN and ZIK. The flavivirus nonstruc…