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Clinical Applications and Anticancer Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides: From Bench to Bedside.

Cancer is a multifaceted global health issue and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, medical science has achieved great advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Despite the numerous advantages of conventional cancer therapies, there are major drawbacks including severe side effects, toxicities, and drug resistance. Therefore, the urgency of developing new drugs with low cytotoxicity and treatment resistance is increasing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various cancers, targeting tu

Вторичные аутоиммунные дерматологические расстройства, вызываемые агентами по биологическому иммунотерапии с множественным склерозом: систематический обзор сообщений о случаях.

ONTEXT: Множественный склероз (MS) является разрушительным аутоиммунным нейродегенеративным заболеванием, в связи с которым лекарственные средства для лечения заболеваний (DMD) ассоциируются с вторичными аутоиммунными дерматологическими расстройствами. ЦЕЛИ: Данный систематический обзор докладов по конкретным делам направлен на изучение документально подтвержденных сообщений о случаях применения биологических препаратов при борьбе с нападениями с применением НР и распространением заболеваний, которые коррелируют с такими дерматологическими осложнениями. ИСТОЧНИКИ: Был проведен систематический

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… In inflammatory conditions like MS, the VLA-4 ligand, VCAM-1, is substantially increased in CNS microvessels ( 28 ). Similar to natalizumab, vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting α4β7 integrin, was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during treatment ( 27 ). …

Application of Dynamic Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hematological Malignancies.

The use of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging technology can effectively explore the diagnosis and clinical application of hematological malignancies. This paper selected 60 patients with hematological malignancies from 2015 to 2019; all of whom were diagnosed with hematological malignancies, including 40 men and 20 women, aged between 40 and 77 years. The main clinical manifestations of the patient are hematological malignancies, fever, and other symptoms. We used Siemens 3.0T to perform MRI and dynamic enhanced MRI examinations on 30 patients with hematological tumors. The PACS syst

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… New tumors have tortuous and irregular microvessels, incomplete basement membranes, and widened endothelial cell gaps, leading to increased tumor vascular resistance and microvascular permeability. …

Exosomes play a role in multiple myeloma bone disease and tumor development by targeting osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Progression of multiple myeloma (MM) is largely dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment wherein communication through different factors including extracellular vesicles takes place. This cross-talk not only leads to drug resistance but also to the development of osteolysis. Targeting vesicle secretion could therefore simultaneously ameliorate drug response and bone disease. In this paper, we examined the effects of MM exosomes on different aspects of osteolysis using the 5TGM1 murine model. We found that 5TGM1 sEVs, or 'exosomes', not only enhanced osteoclast activity, they also blo

Bone Metastases: An Overview.

Bone is a frequent site of metastases and typically indicates a short-term prognosis in cancer patients. Once cancer has spread to the bones it can rarely be cured, but often it can still be treated to slow its growth. The majority of skeletal metastases are due to breast and prostate cancer. Bone metastasis is actually much more common than primary bone cancers, especially in adults. The diagnosis is based on signs, symptoms and imaging. New classes of drugs and new interventions are given a better quality of life to these patients and improved the expectancy of life. It is necessary a multid

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… Mazo IB von Andrian UH Adhesion and homing of blood-borne cells in bone marrow microvessels . J Leukoc Biol 1999 ; 66 : 25 - 32 . 10410986 10.1002/jlb.66.1.25 18. Sipkins DA Wei X Wu JW In vivo imaging of specialized bone marrow endothelial microdomains for tumour engraftment . …

Genetic architecture of multiple myeloma: From somatic alterations to germline susceptibility and clinical implications.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is best understood as a dynamically evolving genomic ecosystem shaped by inherited susceptibility, early oncogenic events, and continuous selective pressures. We propose an evolutionary genomics framework integrating germline risk, disease initiation, clonal diversification, and therapeutic adaptation into a unified model of MM biology. Polygenic risk burden, rare predisposing variants, and alterations in DNA repair and telomere pathways create a permissive background that influences precursor states and immune interactions. Primary cytogenetic events, particularly immuno

Porphyromonas gingivalis усугубляет экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, проводя дифференциацию TH1 с помощью сигнала ZAP70/NF-IB.

Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется хроническим воспалением и обезвоживанием в центральной нервной системе (CNS), главным образом в результате ненормальной активации периферической иммунной системы, в частности клеток TH1. Как основной патоген в периодонтрите, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) связан с повышенным риском множественных склерозных прогрессий; однако его роль в центральной нервной системе воспаления остается неясной. В этом исследовании мы стремились определить, поощряет ли P. gingivalis периферическую дифференциацию клеток TH1 по сигнальному маршруту ZAP70/NF-InB, т

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… H&E staining revealed a large number of mononuclear cells in the spinal cord of the EAE model group, especially around microvessels, forming “sleeve-like” structures. …

Polymorphisms in CXCR3 ligands predict early CXCL9 recovery and severe chronic GVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The individual risk of severe cGVHD remains difficult to predict and may involve CXCR3 ligands. This study investigated the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and their day +28 serum levels, in cGVHD pathogenesis. Eighteen CXCR3 and CXCL4, CXCL9-11 SNPs as well as peri-transplant CXCL9-11 serum levels were analyzed in 688 patients without (training cohort; n = 287) or with statin-based endothelial protection

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… Endothelial injury mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and loss of microvessels in chronic graft versus host disease. Lancet. 2002;359:2078–2083. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08907-9. 23. Westekemper H, et al. Differential chemokine expression in chronic GVHD of the conjunctiva. …

Donor Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter Gene Polymorphism Predicts Survival after Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation for High-Risk Patients.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide, exerts anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects against endothelial cell injury. The HO-1 promoter gene has one important single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2071746 (-413A>T) that is functional, and the A allele has been reported to be associated with higher HO-1 expression levels than the T allele. We investigated the influence of the HO-1 rs2071746 SNP on the transplant outcomes in 593 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing unrelated, h

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… Endothelial injury mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and loss of microvessels in chronic graft versus host disease. Lancet. 2002;359:2078–2083. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08907-9. 2. Carreras E., Diaz-Ricart M. The role of the endothelium in the short-term complications of hematopoietic SCT. …

Temsirolimus in the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory mantle cell lymphoma.

Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have a poor prognosis; consequently, new therapeutic approaches, such as rapamycin and its derivates, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, are warranted. Temsirolimus (also known as CCI-779), a dihydroester of rapamycin, in MCL cell lines inhibited mTOR, downregulated p21 and v-Raf, and induced autophagy. The first clinical trial in MCL patients was performed using 250 mg of temsirolimus weekly for 6-12 cycles. The overall response rate was 38%; the median time to progression was 6.5 months, median overall survival was 12 months, and the med

Liposomes for the Treatment of Brain Cancer-A Review.

Due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and surface-conjugation capabilities, liposomes are effective nanocarriers that can encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs and facilitate targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, strategies have been explored to synthesize liposomes that respond to internal and/or external stimuli to release their payload controllably. Although research into liposomes for brain cancer treatment is still in its infancy, these systems have great potential to fundamentally change the drug delivery landscape. This review paper attempts to consol

Targeting cancer stem cells in drug discovery: Current state and future perspectives.

In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been increasingly identified in many malignancies. CSC-related signaling pathways and their functions provide new strategies for treating cancer. The aberrant activation of related signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways) has been linked to multiple types of malignant tumors, which makes these pathways attractive targets for cancer therapy. CSCs display many characteristic features, such as self-renewal, differentiation, high tumorigenicity, and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic st

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… The endothelial cells of the tumor microvessels proliferate and are more sensitive under heat; thus, the microvessels in the tumor tissue are more susceptible to heat damage than those of normal tissues. …

Роль CD20+T клеток в раннем множественном склерозе.

Релапсирующий множественный склероз (RRMS) — хроническое иммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся эпизодическими рецидивами неврологических симптомов. Ранняя диагностика и лечение пациентов имеют ключевое значение для предотвращения рецидивов и необратимого ущерба для ЦНС. Вместе с тем развитие методов лечения, ориентированных на ранние МЗ, сдерживается отсутствием знаний о патогенезе ранней МЗ. В RRMS повреждение нервной ткани вызывается иммунными клетками CNS, в том числе Т. Таким образом, цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении ранних случаев инфильтр

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… Brain endothelial cells line the cerebral microvessels and are the first cells to interact with peripheral immune cells intending to migrate into the CNS ( 15 ). …

High Output Heart Failure in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenetic Considerations.

The high output heart failure is a clinical condition in which the systemic congestion is associated to a high output state, and it can be observed in a non-negligible percentage of hematological diseases, particularly in multiple myeloma, a condition in which the risk of adverse cardiovascular events may increase, with a worse prognosis for patients. For this reason, though an accurate literature search, we provided in this review a complete overview of different pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for high output heart failure in multiple myeloma. Indeed, this clinical finding is present in

A Borate-Based Bioactive Glass Advances Wound Healing in Non-Healing Wagner Grade 1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

A novel advanced synthetic bioactive glass matrix was studied in patients with non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Bioactive glasses can be constructed to be biocompatible, with water-soluble materials in multiple geometries including fibre scaffolds that mimic the 3D architecture of a fibrin clot. In this trial, chronic, Wagner Grade 1 DFUs were randomised to receive borate-based bioactive glass Fibre Matrix (BBGFM) plus standard of care (SOC) therapy for 12 weeks or SOC alone. The primary study endpoint was the proportion of subjects that obtained complete wound closure at 12 weeks. Sec

Новый взгляд на механизмы нейродегенерации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломелите и многоразовом склерозе: ранняя и критическая роль платец в нейро/аксональной потере.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS) с ограниченными возможностями лечения. Для этого заболевания характерны различия в патофизиологии между серым веществом (GM) и белым веществом (WM). Преобладающей отличительной чертой ВМ является периваскулярная доска, связанная с потерей функции мозгового барьера (ББД), инфильтрацией лимфоцитов, микроглиальной реактивностью, обезвоживанием и аксонной травмой и должным образом обработанная иммуномодулятивными препаратами. С другой стороны, механизмы, лежащие в основе ущерба ГМ, остаются неясными, что имеет

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… Significantly, they uncovered the unexpected process by which, once arrested, CD4 + T cells crawl on inflamed CNS microvessels in search of sites for diapedesis (Engelhardt and Ransohoff 2012 ). …

Unresponsive Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): Challenges and Solutions.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to a severely decreased A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS13) activity, resulting in the formation of widespread von Willebrand factor - and platelet-rich microthrombi. ADAMTS13 deficiency is mainly acquired through anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies in adults. With modern standards of care, unresponsive TTP has become rarer with a frequency of refractory/relapsing forms dropping from >40% to <10%. As patients with unresponsive TTP are at increased risk of mortality, promp

Nuclear Heparanase Regulates Chromatin Remodeling, Gene Expression and PTEN Tumor Suppressor Function.

Heparanase (HPSE) is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and has been shown in various cancers to promote metastasis, angiogenesis, osteolysis, and chemoresistance. Although heparanase is thought to act predominantly extracellularly or within the cytoplasm, it is also present in the nucleus, where it may function in regulating gene transcription. Using myeloma cell lines, we report here that heparanase enhances chromatin accessibility and confirm a previous report that it also upregulates the acetylation of histones. Employing the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass datab

Integrative meta-analysis identifies microRNA-regulated networks in infantile hemangioma.

BackgroundHemangioma is a common benign tumor in the childhood; however our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of hemangioma development and progression are still limited. Currently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown as gene expression regulators with an important role in disease pathogenesis. Our goals were to identify miRNA-mRNA expression networks associated with infantile hemangioma.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of previously published gene expression datasets including 98 hemangioma samples. Deregulated genes were further used to identify microRNAs as potential regulators of

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… In addition, pericytes (perivascular cells surrounding microvessels and that are related to the development and regulation of angiogenesis) and the derm of the face are derived from neural crest, suggesting that the neural crest may be involved in disease pathogenesis [ 10 ]. …

Critical considerations for targeting colorectal liver metastases with nanotechnology.

Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Half of all patients develop liver metastases, presenting unique challenges for their treatment. The shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy has encouraged the use of nanomedicines; the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. In spite of technological improvements in nanotechnology, the complexity of biological systems hinders the prospect of nanomedicines being applied in cancer therapy at the present time. This review highlights current biological barriers and discusses aspe

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… Researchers investigated changes that occur in intratumoral microvessels and microcirculation during the establishment of liver metastases in mice. … Changes of intratumoral microvessels and blood perfusion during establishment of hepatic metastases in mice . Radiology , 243 ( 2 ), 386 – 395 . 10.1148/radiol.2432060341 17356176 Longmuir , K. J. , Haynes , S. M. , Baratta , J. L. , Kasabwalla , N. , & Robertson , R. T. ( 2009 ). …