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The function of tcf3 in medaka embryos: efficient knockdown with pePNAs.

BACKGROUND: The application of antisense molecules, such as morpholino oligonucleotides, is an efficient method of gene inactivation in vivo. We recently introduced phosphonic ester modified peptide nucleic acids (PNA) for in vivo loss-of-function experiments in medaka embryos. Here we tested novel modifications of the PNA backbone to knockdown the medaka tcf3 gene. RESULTS: A single tcf3 gene exists in the medaka genome and its inactivation strongly affected eye development of the embryos, leading to size reduction and anophthalmia in severe cases. The function of Tcf3 strongly depends on co…

Analytical validation of viral CNS Flow Chip kit for detection of acute meningitis and encephalitis.

A new molecular assay (Viral CNS Flow Chip kit, Master Diagnóstica, Spain) has been developed for the detection of eight viruses causing acu … enterovirus and the other seven viruses, respectively. The analytical validation was performed with nucleic acids extracted from 268 cerebrospinal fluid samples and the results were compared with routine molecular assays. An excellent coefficient of agreement was observed between V-CNS and routine assays [kappa index: 0.948 (95%CI: 0.928-0.968)]. The overall se …

Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Current status and future prospects.

The major targets for antibiotics in staphylococci are (i) the cell envelope, (ii) the ribosome and (iii) nucleic acids. Several novel targets emerged from recent targeted drug discovery programmes including the ClpP protease and FtsZ from the cell division machinery. Resistance can either develop by horizontal transfer of resistance determinants encoded by mobile genetic elements viz plasmids, transposons and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome or by mutations in chromosomal genes. Horizontally acquired resistance can occur by one of the following mechanisms: (i) enzymatic drug modificatio…

Serum-based diagnostic prediction of oral submucous fibrosis using FTIR spectrometry.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is found to have the highest malignant potentiality among all other pre-cancerous lesions. However, its detect … n OSF and normal serum FTIR spectra representing alterations in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Nineteen prominent significant wavenumbers (P≤0.001) at 1020, 1025, 1035, 1039, 1045, 1078, 1055, 1100, 1117, 1122, 1151, 1169, 1243, 1313, 1398, 1453, 1544, 1650 and 1725cm-1 provided excellent segregation of OSF spectra from normal using multivar …

Detection of Dengue Virus in Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) of Common Vampire Bats, Desmodus rotundus, in Progreso, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Blood-feeding arthropods play a major role in the transmission of several flaviviruses, which represent an important problem for human health. Currently, dengue is one of the most important arboviral emerging diseases worldwide. Furthermore, some previous studies have reported the presence of viral nucleic acids and antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) in wild animals. Our knowledge of the role played by wildlife reservoirs in the sylvatic transmission and maintenance of DENV remains limited. Our objective was to screen blood-feeding ectoparasites (bat flies) and their common vampire bat (De…

Deleterious Effects of Chronic Folate Deficiency in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.

Folate is an important B vitamin naturally found in the human diet and plays a critical role in methylation of nucleic acids. Indeed, abnormalities in this major epigenetic mechanism play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficit and intellectual disability in humans. The most common cause of cognitive dysfunction in children is Down syndrome (DS). Since folate deficiency is very common among the pediatric population, we questioned whether chronic folate deficiency (CFD) exacerbates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of DS. To test this, adult Ts65Dn mice and their disomic li…

Peroxynitrite-modified histone as a pathophysiological biomarker in autoimmune diseases.

Under physiological conditions, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are produced continuously. However, excess of these radicals may damage biomolecules like lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These reactive species have been implicated in many disease conditions including acute/chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neurodegenerative diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peroxynitrite, an oxidant and nitrating molecule, formed in in vivo, when nitric oxide reacts with superoxide radical. The abnormal levels of nitrotyrosine detected in tissues affected by autoimmune dis…

Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis (TVV1) in Iranian isolates.

The Totiviridae family includes a number of viruses that can infect protozoan parasites such as Leishmania and Giardia and fungi like Saccha … 2015 to September 2016. Trichomonas vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. Nucleic acids were extracted using a DNA/RNA extraction kit and RT-PCR was performed. Among 1500 collected vaginal samples, 8 (0.53%) cases of T. vaginalis infection were found. Half (4/8) of the T. vaginalis positive cases were infected with TVV1. Phylogenetic m …

Circulating epigenetic biomarkers in lung malignancies: From early diagnosis to therapy.

Lung cancer (LC) and malignant mesothelioma (MM) are malignancies linked to environmental/occupational exposure, which are increasing in inc … sed as cancer biomarkers. Therefore, increasingly interest has been paid to circulating (cell-free) nucleic acids (cfDNA/cfmiRNAs) epigenetically modulated during cell transformation. Hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is frequently observed in cancers, and such epigenetic changes are potential markers for detecting and monitoring tumours. The same pre …

[Current aspects of invasive diseases caused by Candida and other yeast fungi].

Invasive candidiasis is the most common invasive fungal disease causing an unacceptably high mortality. Candida albicans remains the predomi … PNA-FISH probes, causal agent identification in blood cultures using MALDi-TOF MS, or new and rapid nucleic acids detection assays.

Zika virus: from pathogenesis to disease control.

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in Uganda in 1947. The virus has emerged in recent years and spread in the Pacific Area … es, i.e. Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly. Diagnosis relies on the detection of viral nucleic acids in biological samples, while detection of a specific antibody response may be inconclusive because of the broad cross-reactivity of antibodies among flaviviruses. Experimental studies have clarified some mechanisms of Zika virus pathogenesis and hav …

Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer.

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes, are constructed into biocompatible nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform due to its modular and versatile nature. The LbL platform has previously been demonstrated to enable incorporation of diagnostic agents, drugs, and nucleic acids such as siRNA while providin…

Measuring circulating placental RNAs to non-invasively assess the placental transcriptome and to predict pregnancy complications.

Circulating nucleic acids have revolutionized prenatal diagnosis in the last decade, allowing non-invasive screening for single gene or chromosomal defects using a single sample of maternal blood. In addition to DNAs, RNAs from the placenta are released into the maternal blood from early in pregnancy and may reflect changes in gene expression occurring within the placenta. Measuring circulating RNA may therefore provide insights into the placental transcriptome without the need for invasive testing. Combined with advances in next-generation sequencing and molecular analyses, it may be possible…

Живая съемка генетически неразрешимых бактерий требует внутриклеточных бактерий Orientia tsutsugamushi с помощью панели флуоресцирующих красителей.

Наше понимание молекулярных механизмов бактериальной инфекции и патогенеза в непропорционально большой степени происходит от небольшого числа хорошо известных видов и штаммов. Одной из причин этого является огромное время и ресурсы, необходимые для превращения нового организма в экспериментальную систему, которая может быть подвергнута допросам на молекулярном уровне, в частности в том, что касается разработки генетических инструментов. Изображение живых клеток с помощью флуоресцирующей микроскопии является мощным методом изучения биологических процессов, таких, как бактериальная мощность, вто

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bacterial infection and pathogenesis are disproportionally derived from a small number of w … hodical analysis of four different classes of probes, which can be used to delineate the cytoplasm, nucleic acids, cell membrane or peptidoglycan of living bacterial cells. We have tested these in the context of the important but neglected human pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi but expect that the methodology would be broadly applicable to other bacterial specie …

[Update on reactive arthritis].

The following review summarizes the evidence on reactive arthritis (ReA), focussing on the latest relevant work on epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. ReA is a joint inflammation that develops after a primary, extra-articular infection; the infection often involves the urogenital or gastrointestinal system, and less frequently the respiratory tract. The microbial agent causing the primary infection and triggering the arthritis cannot be cultured from the synovial compartment by standard methods; however, bacterial antigens or nucleic acids originating from Chlamydia trachomat…

Impact of different cell penetrating peptides on the efficacy of antisense therapeutics for targeting intracellular pathogens.

There is a pressing need for novel and innovative therapeutic strategies to address infections caused by intracellular pathogens. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) present a novel method to target intracellular pathogens due to their unique mechanism of action and their ability to be conjugated to cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to overcome challenging delivery barriers. In this study, we targeted the RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) using a PNA that was covalently conjugated to five different CPPs. Changing the conjugated CPP resulted in a pronounced improvement in the antibacterial activity observ…

Advances in intravesical therapy for urinary tract disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Intravesical therapy is a valuable option in the clinical management of urinary tract disorders such as interstitial cystitis/ painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and refractory overactive bladder. This review will cover the latest advances in this field using polymer and liposomes as delivery platform for drugs, protein and nucleic acids. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes the significance of intravesical therapy for lower urinary tract disorders. The recent advancement of liposomes as a drug delivery platform for botulinum toxin, tacrolimus and small interfering RNA is discus…

Detection of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in porcine tissues by in situ hybridization using multi-strained pooled probes.

Porcine torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) has been suggested as a co-factor for the development of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. However, the pathogenic role of TTSuV is still inconclusive, and the target cell and tissue tropism of this virus are also ambiguous. In the present study, a multi-strained pooled probe-based in situ hybridization was established to detect the nucleic acids of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 in the tissue. The strategy of using polymerase chain reaction-derived digoxigenin-labeled multi-strained pooled probe, instead of single-strained probe or oligonucleotide, was to overco…

Nanoparticle delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and their application in the exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Antisense therapy is a powerful tool for inducing post-transcriptional modifications and thereby regulating target genes associated with dis … sue specificity. Various drug delivery systems have been explored to improve the bioavailability of nucleic acids, and nanoparticles (NPs) have been suggested as potential vectors for DNA/RNA. This review describes the recent progress in AON conjugation with natural and synthetic delivery systems, and provides an overview of the efficacy of NP-AON complexes as …

S100A proteins as molecular targets in the ocular surface inflammatory diseases.

The S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that are exclusively expressed in vertebrates, where they interact with enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, receptors, transcription factors, and nucleic acids to regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, cell migration, energy metabolism, and Ca(2+) homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the S100A8 and S100A9 members of the family that are involved in the regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation related to ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, meibomian gland dysfunction, pterygium, and corneal neovascularizat…