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Reproductive health history and later life cognition in African Caribbean women.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia prevalence is higher in women, in particular those of African ancestry. Reproductive health may influence dementia risk, yet data from the Caribbean are lacking. We assessed the association of reproductive health with cognition in the Tobago Women's Health Study. METHODS: This population-based study recruited middle to older aged women from the Caribbean Island of Tobago. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Seven indicators of reproductive health were collected via interviews. Multivariable regression models estimated the

Linking tick and wildlife host distributions to map risk of tick-borne diseases.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne pathogens threaten livestock worldwide, causing diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, heartwater and theileriosis in cattle. The epidemiology of each disease is complex, with multiple tick and/or host species interacting across variable environments, and disease risk has not been fully assessed. Here, we used a One Health approach that integrates ecological, livestock and wildlife factors to identify areas with potential risk of tick-borne pathogen circulation. METHODS: Using ecological data on tick and host distributions alongside environmental and anthropogenic v

Community-Led Action Research in Oncology: Pandemic-Appropriate Radiotherapy Innovations Evaluated (CLARO PARTE) for Latin America and the Caribbean Countries.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify, evaluate, and rank suitable safety innovations developed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) radiation oncology centers. METHODS: We conducted a multimodal participatory engagement collaboration with the Latin-American and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology. The study consisted of four phases. Innovations were collected from a panel of radiotherapy experts representing a diverse group of 11 countries from LAC (Phase I). Next, a medical scientific team compared the innovations against international standards regarding the

Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Substance Use Among Students from Caribbean Colombian.

Sexual abuse is a public health problem due to its negative impact on physical and mental health. This study aimed to determine the associat … . The history of sexual abuse is related to the use of substances in high school adolescents in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. More studies are needed to identify the impact of sexual abuse on short-term and lifelong mental health.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, causing bacteremic pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and other invasive pneumococcal diseases. Evidence supports nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage as a reservoir for transmission and precursor of pneumococcal disease. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the pneumococcal nasopharyngeal burden in all age groups in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) before, during, and after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine conjugate (PVC). METHODS: Systematic literature review of international, regional, and country-pub

Combining urine antigen and blood polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease.

UNLABELLED: Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean where diagnostic tools are restricted. We carried-out a 1-year prospective cohort study at a referral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants had > or =18 years old, were hospitalized due to any indication and had CD4+ < 200 cells/µl. A urine commercial monoclonal Histoplasma galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMMY, Norman, OK, USA) and 'in house' Histoplasma blood nested PCR were performed in all cases. Probable/proven DH cases were defined according to international guidelines. Conven

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia mortality in Hispanic Americans.

Higher incidence and poorer outcomes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Hispanic Americans have been attributed to high-risk molecular markers associated with Native American (NA) ancestry. However, the diverse Hispanic populations in the United States differ substantially in ancestry. Continental Hispanics have a high proportion of NA ancestry while Caribbean Hispanics have a lower proportion of NA ancestry. Here, we analyzed mortality data of 2428 children and adults with ALL. Mortality rates were age-adjusted and compared by race and ethnicity using negative binomial regression with p

Lifetime and Twelve-Month Prevalence, Persistence, and Unmet Treatment Needs of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders in African American and U.S. versus Foreign-Born Caribbean Women.

There is growing diversity within the Black population in the U.S., but limited understanding of ethnic and nativity differences in the mental health treatment needs of Black women. This study examined differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, their persistence, and unmet treatment needs among Black women in the U.S. Data were from the National Survey of American Life, a nationally representative survey that assessed lifetime and twelve-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV) crit

The health profile of newly-arrived refugee women and girls and the role of region of origin: using a population-based dataset in California between 2013 and 2017.

BACKGROUND: There has been an increasing number of refugee women globally; yet, there is little recent data describing the health profile of refugee women by region of origin in the United States. It is important to monitor the health status of women by region of origin to provide needed targeted interventions. METHODS: We analyzed the Refugee Health Electronic Information System (RHEIS), a population-based dataset that included 14,060 female refugees who entered California between October 3, 2013 and February 15, 2017. We assessed differences in health status by region of origin. RESULTS: A

The cost of diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2015: Evidence for decision and policy makers.

BACKGROUND: The financial implications of the increase in the prevalence of diabetes in middle-income countries represents one of the main challenges to health system financing and to the society as a whole. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic cost of diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in 2015. METHODS: The study used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the direct and indirect costs related to diabetes in 29 LAC countries in 2015. Direct costs included health care expenditures such as medications (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents), tests, consultati

Is emergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis safe in a low volume resource poor setting?

BACKGROUND: The outcomes of emergent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis have not been documented in the low-volume, resource-poor Caribbean setting. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was carried out in a low-resource setting across three islands in the Anglophone Caribbean. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The records of all consecutive patients who had emergency LC for acute cholecystitis over 82 months were examined. The data were extracted and analysed using SPSS version 14. RESULTS: There were 74 patients with acute cholecystitis at a mean age of 45 (SD 11.8) years. The mean

The control of hookworm disease in Commonwealth Caribbean countries.

Like other countries around the globe where conditions existed for the parasites causing hookworm disease to thrive, this disease was a serious problem to settlers in countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean, i.e. those countries that were formerly part of the British Empire. Early in the 20th century, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) assisted the southern United States in controlling this disease. Soon other countries requested assistance and the Rockefeller Foundation responded by creating their International Health Commission to target the problem. Guyana (then British Guiana) was the first c

Human leptospirosis in the Caribbean, 1997-2005: characteristics and serotyping of clinical samples from 14 countries.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of human leptospirosis in the sera of suspected clinical cases sent by 14 Caribbean countries for diagnosis to a regional laboratory in 1997-2005. METHODS: All serum samples were initially tested using the immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for leptospirosis. Demographic data (such as age and sex), month of the year and clinical manifestations that had been observed by the attending physician were related to seropositivity. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to serotype sera using a panel of 23 international se

Стойкость к ДДТ в Западной Африке и Азии (Aedes aegypti (L.).

В регионе Карибского бассейна и в Юго-Восточной Азии, но не в Западной Африке, наблюдается резистентность к ДДТ у комаров желтой лихорадки Aedes aegypti. В связи с этим штаммы в Западной Африке были сопоставлены с штаммами в Юго-Восточной Азии с точки зрения их реакции на отбор лабораторий с использованием ДДТ. Было установлено, что на начальном этапе штаммы в Западной Африке были гораздо медленнее, но в конечном итоге они могли бы повысить степень устойчивости к ДДТ. При переходе и обратном пересечении с чувствительным штаммом маркера-гена было установлено, что это сопротивление было вызвано

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti has developed resistance to DDT in the Caribbean region and in South-East Asia, but not in West Africa. Therefore West African strains were compared with South-East Asian strains for their response to laboratory selection with DDT. It was found that West African strains were much slower to respond initially, but eventu…

Disease and development: ciguatera fish poisoning.

Ciguatera, a form of fish poisoning with a pantropical distribution, has been a recognized health problem in the Caribbean and the Pacific for centuries (in the decade from 1973 to 1983 for the island Pacific region as a whole, reported incidence, conservatively 20% of actual incidence, was 97/100,000). Island peoples in subsistence communities have developed strategies to minimize its impact. These strategies are less effective when people move to towns, cities and wage labor. The existence of ciguatoxic fish, which are indistinguishable from those that are not, has serious implications for d

Ethnic inequalities and contraception in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is SDG 3.7. Ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities, disproportionately impacting ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This review examines 23 years of evidence on contraceptive inequalities among these populations. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted covering the period from 2000 to 2023 across seven databases. A combination of natural language and MESH/DECS terms was used, focusing on ethnicity and contraception

Utilizing confocal microscopy and topical natamycin in metarhizium keratitis of Caribbean origin.

A 32-year-old contact lens-wearing man with recent travel history to the Caribbean was referred for a corneal infiltrate in the left eye that worsened following 1-week of steroid-antibiotic therapy. Corneal cultures were obtained and sent to our facility's clinical microbiology laboratory for analysis. Same-day in vivo confocal microscopy revealed fungal elements. Nucleic acid sequencing performed on the isolated determined it to be a member of the entomopathogenic genus Metarhizium. Over the course of 3 months, the patient's corneal infiltrate ultimately resolved following topical natamycin 5

Caribbean medicinal plant Argemone mexicana L.: Metabolomic analysis and in vitro effect on the vaginal microbiota.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Medicinal plants are frequently used in Caribbean traditional medicine as low-cost, culturally relevant treatments for women's health concerns, such as gynecological infections. These plants are typically applied topically, potentially affecting both pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Gardnerella vaginalis) and beneficial vaginal microbes (Lactobacillus spp.). However, few studies have examined the impact of these plants on both beneficial and pathogenic vaginal bacteria. AIM OF THE STUDY: Argemone mexicana, available in New York City and commonly used to treat gynecol