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Sensitive detection of cereal fractions that are toxic to celiac disease patients by using monoclonal antibodies to a main immunogenic wheat peptide.

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, a protein fraction found in certain cereals. Immunotoxic gluten peptides that are recalcitrant to degradation of digestive enzymes appear to trigger celiac syndromes. A 33-mer peptide from alpha-2 gliadin has been identified as a principal contributor to gluten immunotoxicity. A gluten-free diet is the usual first therapy for celiac disease patients; therefore, the characterization and quantification of the toxic portion of the gluten in foodstuffs is crucial to avoid celiac damage. OBJECTIVE: We a

Nucleotide sequence analysis and genomic organization of the NY-RPV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus.

cDNA clones representing the ssRNA genome of the NY-RPV isolate of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV) were sequenced and 5600 nucleotides of the genome were determined. The deduced genome organization has limited similarity to that of another BYDV isolate, Vic-PAV, but is identical to that of beet western yellows (BWYV) and potato leafroll (PLRV) luteoviruses. NY-RPV has six major positive-sense open reading frames (ORFs) and, by comparison with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nucleic acid helicase consensus sequence motifs, it is postulated that NY-RPV ORF2 and ORF3 encode the viral repli

Production disease control: three dairy herd case studies in NE Scotland.

Three cases of dairy herds affected by production disease (infertility, calf scours and low milk yield) were carried out. The value of blood analysis in establishing a diagnosis and a dietary supplement of molasses in correcting the production problems is illustrated.

Генетическая вариация генотипов ячменя с использованием морфологических признаков, содержания амилозы и молекулярных маркеров.

Для того чтобы любая работа по разведению растений была эффективной, необходимо обеспечить наличие и доступность различных генетических ресурсов. Использование простых последовательности повторения (ССР) маркеров, содержания амилозы и агроморфологической характеристики генетического разнообразия 50 Была проведена оценка генотипов ячменя. Поперечный 50 Генотипы, анализ разницы выявили весьма значительные колебания (p) < 0.01) в каждом признаке. Генотипы G20, G7, G18, G28, G41, G45, G50, G13, G39 и G47 продемонстрировали наивысшую урожайность. Была выявлена положительная корреляция между количес

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… Giles BE Bothmer RV The progenitor of barley (Hordeum Vulgare ssp. spontaneum)—Its importance as a gene resource Sver. Utsaedesfoeren. Fidskr 1985 95 53 61 Giles, B. E. & Bothmer, R. V. The progenitor of barley (Hordeum Vulgare ssp. spontaneum)—Its importance as a gene resource. Sver. … Tahir Z Assefa A Sentayehu A Gebresellasie W Phenotypic diversity in Ethiopian food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes World J. Agric. Sci. 2016 12 4 308 314 Tahir, Z., Assefa, A., Sentayehu, A. & Gebresellasie, W. Phenotypic diversity in Ethiopian food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. …

Comparative analysis of barley dietary fiber fermented with and without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1 in promoting gut health and regulating hepatic energy metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

A previous study has revealed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp. plantarum) dy-1 fermentation changed the structural properties and in vitro fecal fermentation characteristics of barley dietary fiber. However, the health-promoting effects of fermented dietary fiber in vivo remained unclear. This study was aimed at comparing the ameliorative effects of barley dietary fiber fermented with or without Lp. plantarum dy-1 on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota composition and hepatic energy metabolism. After a twelve-week intervention, fermented barley dietary fiber (FBDF) reduced the body weight

Stable barley chromosomes without centromeric repeats.

The satellite sequences (AGGGAG)(n) and Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons are known to localize at the barley centromeres. Using a gametocidal system, which induces chromosomal mutations in barley chromosomes added to common wheat, we obtained an isochromosome for the short arm of barley chromosome 7H (7HS) that lacked the barley-specific satellite sequence (AGGGAG)(n). Two telocentric derivatives of the isochromosome arose in the progeny: 7HS* with and 7HS** without the pericentromeric C-band. FISH analysis demonstrated that both telosomes lacked not only the barley-specific centromeric (AGGGAG

Phenolic Extracts of Hulless Barley Grass Alleviate Progression of Colitis-Related Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Overexpression of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC) driven by Wnt/β-Catenin pathway activation, may be mitigated by hulless barley grass (HBG), a high-altitude crop with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. A previous study found that HBG had palliative effects on UC. The effects and mechanism of HBG phenolic (PE), polysaccharide (PSE), and lipid extracts (LE) on UC associated CRC were investigated by establishing an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC mice model. Compared to CRC mice, the PE group (600 mg/kg/d) exhibited a 41.4% decrease

Metal solubility enhancing peptides derived from barley protein.

Mineral supplements are required to be soluble as their bioavailability is highly correlated to their solubility in body fluids. In this study, metal binding capacity of barley protein hydrolysates and their purified fractions was investigated and expressed as increase in solubility of metal ions. Metal ions in the presence of hydrolysates exhibited a remarkable increase in solubility: 118, 32, 10, 29 and 35-fold for Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Ca(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+), respectively. A mixture of low molecular weight peptides possesses a synergistic combination of both charged and hydrophobic residues an

Differential regulation of genes transcribed by nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase, and DNA amplification, within ribosome-deficient plastids in stable phenocopies of cereal albino mutants.

We isolated stable albino plants of barley and maize by inhibiting plastid protein synthesis with streptomycin and propagating bleached seedlings in the absence of antibiotics in vitro. Albino plants are deficient in plastid translation products and plastid ribosomal RNAs, and are stable phenocopies of the barley albostrians and maize iojap mutants, which contain ribosome-free plastids. Once plastid ribosomes are lost they cannot be re-synthesized because about one-third of plastid ribosomal proteins are themselves plastid encoded. The group II/subgroup IIA intron in plastid rpl2 transcripts w

Oxygen evolution loss and structural transitions in photosystem II induced by low intensity UV-B radiation of 280 nm wavelength.

UV-B radiation of 280 nm wavelength (UV280) and low intensity (2.0 W/m2) gives rise to an important oxygen evolution (OE) loss in photosystem II (PSII) particles isolated from the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts on the one hand, and to structural changes, or transitions, in the proteins of the PSII complex on the other hand. The latter UV280 effect was studied in this work by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. First, irradiation of the PSII particles with UV280 for about 40 min causes an almost complete loss of OE activity. The remaining OE after 15, 20, 30 and 40 min is

First Report of Barley yellow streak mosaic virus-Infected Barley in Alaska.

Barley yellow streak mosaic virus (BaYSMV) was first described and reported in Montana and Alberta, Canada, more than 17 years ago (1). Since then, it has been detected in two other locations: Pocatello Valley, ID (3), and across the border in Utah. BaYSMV has now been found in the Alaskan interior. In July 1999, dry-land barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing in University of Alaska-Fairbanks experimental plots exhibited symptoms similar to those described for BaYSMV, including parallel chlorotic streaks and leaf banding. Mechanical inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with diseased barley sap p…

Highland barley polyphenols mitigate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via mitochondrial protection and metabolic reprogramming.

Cisplatin (DDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) presents a major challenge in chemotherapy, limiting its clinical utility due to nephrotoxicity. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of polyphenol-rich extracts from highland barley (HBPE) in counteracting DDP-induced renal damage. We hypothesized that HBPE could exert protective effects through the modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. Using UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based untargeted metabolomics, we identified key metabolic disruptions in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells treated with

Grain source and chromium supplementation: effects on feed intake, meal and rumination patterns, and growth performance in Holstein dairy calves.

Carbohydrate-rich diets may increase urinary excretion of chromium (Cr) and increase its requirements. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grain type (barley v. corn) and Cr supplementation on feed intake, feeding behavior and weight gain in dairy calves. Forty-eight neonatal Holstein female calves were assigned randomly to four experimental diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Experimental diets were either barley-based diet (BBD) or corn-based diet (CBD) supplemented with (+Cr) or without (-Cr) Cr as Cr-methionine (0.05 mg/kg of BW0.75). Chromium was provided in milk (from

Safety of barley starch syrup in patients with allergy to cereals.

It is not known whether trace amounts of proteins that may remain in cereal-starch-derived food ingredients even after food processing can trigger allergic symptoms in cereal-allergic individuals. The aim of this study was to find out if barley starch syrup causes allergic reactions in patients with allergy to wheat, barley, rye or oats. Fifteen children with allergy to these cereals, confirmed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were selected for the study. When exposed to cereals, seven of the children (47%) showed immediate type reactions, such as urticaria, rash or

Structural rearrangements in chloroplast thylakoid membranes revealed by differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Thermo-optic effect.

The thermo-optic mechanism in thylakoid membranes was earlier identified by measuring the thermal and light stabilities of pigment arrays with different levels of structural complexity [Cseh, Z., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 15250-15257]. (According to the thermo-optic mechanism, fast local thermal transients, arising from the dissipation of excess, photosynthetically not used, excitation energy, induce elementary structural changes due to the "built-in" thermal instabilities of the given structural units.) The same mechanism was found to be responsible for the light-induced trimer-to-monome

The influence of dietary salt level on water consumption, farrowing, and reproductive performance of lactating sows.

During two consecutive lactations using a switch-back design, 16 sows received a corn, cassava, barley, and soybean meal diet supplemented with either 8.5 or 1 g/kg of NaCl (.4% Na or .1% Na, respectively). The average daily water consumption during the 4-wk lactation period was greater (P < .01) for the sows fed the high-salt diet than for those fed the low-salt diet (13.9 vs 12.4 L, respectively). Urine production accounted for 27% of the water intake during lactation. This resulted in a difference during the entire lactation period of 42.2 L in water consumption (P = .07) and 11.4 L in urin

Development of wheat genotypes expressing a glutamine-specific endoprotease from barley and a prolyl endopeptidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum or Pyrococcus furiosus as a potential remedy to celiac disease.

Ubiquitous nature of prolamin proteins dubbed gluten from wheat and allied cereals imposes a major challenge in the treatment of celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder with no known treatment other than abstinence diet. Administration of hydrolytic glutenases as food supplement is an alternative to deliver the therapeutic agents directly to the small intestine, where sensitization of immune system and downstream reactions take place. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the capacity of wheat grain to express and store hydrolytic enzymes capable of gluten detoxification. For this pur

Antibody response against wheat, rye, barley, oats and corn: comparison between gluten-sensitive patients and monoclonal antigliadin antibodies.

The antibody response of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and dermatitis herpetiformis against alcohol-soluble prolamines of wheat, rye, barley, oats and corn assessed by immunoblotting was compared to the staining patterns produced by monoclonal antigliadin antibodies. Both monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and patient serum reacted with wheat, rye, barley and oats, the patient serum showing individual variation both in IgA and IgG stainings. A broad reactivity with polypeptides from 30 to 68 kD was, however, typical for patient serum and comparable to the reactivity of two broadly react

Разграничение Genotype X Environment Cooperation for Green Yeeld в Весне Барли в условиях необработанной и фунгицидной среды.

Барли (Hordeul vulgare L.) — четвёртый по величине урожай зерновых культур, выращиваемый на основе производства и возделывания. Биотические стрессы, особенно грибковые заболевания в ячменях, являются разрушительными и сопряжены с высокой вероятностью абсолютной потери урожайности. Для удовлетворения растущего спроса на ячмень решающее значение имеет выявление более высоких и стабильных генотипов. Вместе с тем выявление и рекомендация генотипов высшего сорта сопряжены с трудностями из-за взаимосвязи между генотипом и окружающей средой. Таким образом, настоящее исследование было направлено на оц

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… Introduction Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most widely grown cereal crops based on cultivated area and production quantity. … AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of yield performance of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties in multi environment trials Poljopr. I Sumar. 2018 64 121 132 10.17707/AgricultForest.64.1.15 31. Kendal E. …

28-Day oral toxicity study in rats with high purity barley beta-glucan (Glucagel).

Beta-glucans are glucose polymers present in cereal grains, particularly barley and oat. Consumption of these grains or concentrated beta-glucan preparations has been shown to lower blood cholesterol. The present study was conducted to assess the safety of a high purity (>75%) barley beta-glucan (Glucagel). The product was fed to Wistar rats (5/sex/group) at dietary levels of 0% (control), 1%, 5% and 10% for 28 days. Clinical and neurobehavioural observations, growth, feed and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, necropsy and histopatho