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The phospholipase A of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lyses eukaryotic membranes and is necessary for survival in neutrophils and cervical epithelial cells.

UNLABELLED: Contact-dependent hemolysins are virulence factors in a number of human pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella bacilliformis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, entero-invasive Escherichia coli, and Shigella. Here we demonstrate that Neisseria gonorrhoeae produces an outer membrane protein, phospholipase A, that exhibits contact-dependent lytic activity on host cell membranes. This enzyme can lyse human erythrocytes over a 3-day period, whereas a phospholipase A mutant cannot. We demonstrated phospholipase A activity in the parent strain but not in two, ind…

High seroprevalence for typhus group rickettsiae, southwestern Tanzania.

Rickettsioses caused by typhus group rickettsiae have been reported in various African regions. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,227 participants from 9 different sites in the Mbeya region, Tanzania; overall seroprevalence of typhus group rickettsiae was 9.3%. Risk factors identified in multivariable analysis included low vegetation density and highway proximity.

Brain Abscess Mimicking Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review of Individual Patient's Data.

Objectives  Brain abscess is a worrisome condition with a 1-year mortality rate of 21% and a 32% rate of new-onset epilepsy. Brain magnetic … 0% Nocardia species, Toxoplasma gondii , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Aggregatibacter aphrophilus , Rickettsia typhi , Arcanobacterium haemolyticum , Aspergillus terreus , and Providencia rettgeri . Treatments involved antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Outcomes measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at 1 year indicated good rec …

Ancient dental pulp: Masterpiece tissue for paleomicrobiology.

INTRODUCTION: Dental pulp with special structure has become a good reference sample in paleomicrobiology-related blood-borne diseases, many pathogens were detected by different methods based on the diagnosis of nucleic acids and proteins. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to propose the preparation process from ancient teeth collection to organic molecule extraction of dental pulp and summary, analyze the methods that have been applied to detect septicemic pathogens through ancient dental pulps during the past 20 years following the first detection of an ancient microbe. METHODS: The papers used

[Macrophage activation syndrome: rare complication of murine typhus].

INTRODUCTION: Typhi is one of the rickettsial species endemic in the Mediterranean countries and is associated with the zoonotic infection of murine typhus, which may have a complicated course especially in adult patients. The association with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) has rarely been reported in the medical literature. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of murine typhus in a diabetic woman complicated with MAS, who was effectively treated with cyclin and parenteral immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION: The murine typhus can be exceptionally complicated with SAM. This infection should be suspe

Serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin values in acute Q fever, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.

BACKGROUND: Although C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are widely used inflammatory markers for infectious diseases, their role and potential application for rickettsioses were rarely studied. METHODS: A retrospective chart review and serological study were conducted in patients with rickettsioses. The clinical presentations, characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment responses were recorded and their associations with CRP and PCT values were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 189 cases of rickettsioses, including 115 cases of acute Q fever (60.8%), 55 cases of scrub typhus (2

A spatio-temporal analysis of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Laos; implications from changing landscapes and climate.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus (ST) and murine typhus (MT) are common but poorly understood causes of fever in Laos. We examined the spatial and temporal distribution of ST and MT, with the intent of informing interventions to prevent and control both diseases. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: This study included samples submitted from 2003 to 2017 to Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, for ST and MT investigation. Serum samples were tested using IgM rapid diagnostic tests. Patient demographic data along with meteorological and environmental data from Laos were analysed. Approximately 17% of patients w

Assessing human exposure to spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae in Ontario, Canada (2013-2018): a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Assessing the burden of rickettsial infections in Ontario, Canada, is challenging since rickettsial infections are not reportable to public health. In the absence of reportable disease data, we assessed the burden of rickettsial infections by examining patient serological data and clinical information. METHODS: Our retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients who had Rickettsia serological testing ordered by their physician, in Ontario, from 2013 to 2018. We tested sera from 2755 non-travel patients for antibodies against spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums. II. The Decline and Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1945-2019.

Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, and diverse organ manifestations that can result in critical illness or death. This is the second part of a two-part series describing the rise, decline, and resurgence of flea-borne typhus (FBT) in the United States over the last century. These studies illustrate the influence of historical events, social conditions, technology, and public health interventions on the prevalence of a vector-borne disease. Flea-borne typhus was an emerging disease, primarily in the Southern USA and California…

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Patients with Tick-Borne Illness: A Scoping Review of 98 Cases.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to tick-borne infections is a rare but potentially life-threatening syndrome. We performed a scoping review according to PRISMA guidelines to systematically analyze the existing literature on the topic. A total of 98 patients were included, with a mean age of 43.7 years, of which 64% were men. Most cases, 31%, were reported from the USA. Immunosuppression was present in 21.4%, with the most common cause being previous solid organ transplantation. Constitutional symptoms were the most common, observed in 83.7% of the patients, while fever was r

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… Several types of Rickettsia have been described, including Rickettsia typhi , tsutsugamushi , israelensis , and conorii . …

[The history of the flea in art and literature].

The flea has been, indirectly, one of the protagonists in the history of man. As one of the two vectors of Yersinia pestis, the etiological agents of the Black Death, the flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) has contributed, over the centuries, to the death of millions of people in many countries. Galileo Galilei was the first to observe the flea with a microscope (1624), but the credit of depicting it with a stunning drawing goes to the Britisher Robert Hooke in 1665. A number of zoologists, including Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek and Diacinto Cestoni, well described and illustrated the life cycle of the flea

Dengue-Related Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Adult: A Case Report and Brief Update.

Dengue virus is an arbovirus transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Many unusual clinical features are being reported in dengue. Dengue complicated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Here, we report an 18-year-old otherwise healthy female with dengue fever complicated with HLH. The diagnosis was made by fulfilling the clinical and laboratory criteria of HLH. She was managed successfully with a methylprednisolone pulse regimen. Our case highlights the importance of early recognition of complications and prompt treatment f

Infectious Diseases

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Infectious Diseases

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ECC-4 Abstracts

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Abstracts of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. April 24-27, 2013. Denver, Colorado, USA.

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Abstracts from the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, 2014, San Diego, CA, USA.

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Murine Typhus Mimicking Preeclampsia with Severe Features.

Background Murine typhus, a flea-borne rickettsiosis endemic to southern Texas, can cause headache, thrombocytopenia, and transaminitis that overlap with the criteria for preeclampsia with severe features. Case A 22-year-old gravida 5 with gestational hypertension presented at 32 5/7 weeks of gestation with 5 days of fever and headache. Worsening thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and refractory headache were initially attributed to preeclampsia with severe features, and magnesium sulfate was administered. Persistent fever prompted empiric doxycycline for suspected murine typhus; defervescence o