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Antibody Therapeutics as Interfering Agents in Flow Cytometry Crossmatch for Organ Transplantation.

Donor-recipient matching is a highly individualized and complex component of solid organ transplantation. Flowcytometry crossmatching (FC-XM) is an integral step in the matching process that is used to detect pre-formed deleterious anti-donor immunoglobulin. Despite high sensitivity in detecting cell-bound immunoglobulin, FC-XM is not able to determine the source or function of immunoglobulins detected. Monoclonal antibody therapeutic agents used in a clinic can interfere with the interpretation of FC-XM. We combined data from the prospectively maintained Antibody Society database and Human Pr

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… The fact that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that code for HLA proteins are some of the most variable regions of the genome, coupled with the severe consequences of acute allo-rejection, have pushed testing for the presence and function of anti-HLA antibodies to become quite sophisticated … The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Its Functions Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease 5th ed. Garland Science New York, NY, USA 2001 Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27156/ (accessed on 31 May 2023) 8. Aziz S. Hassantash S.A. Nelson K. Levy W. …

Bite-size introduction to canine hematologic malignancies.

Hematologic malignancies are frequently diagnosed in dogs and result in a spectrum of clinical signs associated with specific disease types. The most frequently encountered hematologic tumors in dogs include lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, and mast cell, plasma cell, and histiocytic neoplasias. Coupled with the heterogeneous presentations of the different categories and subtypes of canine hematologic malignancies, outcomes for these tumors are also variable. Considering this, appropriate treatment options range from active surveillance to curative intent approaches harnessing surgica

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… histocompatibility complex II expression predicts a poor outcome in canine B-cell lymphoma. 36 Table 2. … Class II major histocompatibility complex expression and cell size independently predict survival in canine B-cell lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25(5):1097-1105. 37. Garrett LD, Thamm DH, Chun R, Dudley R, Vail DM. …

The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Prospects for Immunotherapy.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent about 80% of sarcomas, and are a heterogeneous group of rare and malignant tumors. STS arise from mesenchymal tissues and can grow into structures such as adipose tissue, muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels. Morphological evaluation has been the standard model for the diagnosis of sarcomas, and even in samples with similar characteristics, they present a diversity in cytogenetic and genetic sequence alterations, which further increases the diversity of sarcomas. This variety is one of the main challenges for the classification and understanding of STS

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… Introduction Natural Killer (NK) cells are immune innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with a cytotoxic capacity for eliminating infected and transformed cells without restriction by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and they represent 5–15% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. … The cytolysis and killing ability of NK cells are associated with the recognition of the target cells lacking the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules. …

Glioblastoma Treatment: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives.

(1) Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Through many years, research has brought various advances in glioblastoma treatment. At this time, glioblastoma management is based on maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Recently, bevacizumab has been added to the treatment arsenal for the recurrent scenario. Nevertheless, patients with glioblastoma still have a poor prognosis. Therefore, many efforts are being made in different clinical research areas to find a new alternative to improve ove

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… Vaccine Therapy When dendritic cells detect pathological changes in tissues, they migrate to lymph nodes and present antigens to T cells through major histocompatibility complex molecules I and II, activating effector T cells. … TCR: T-cell receptor; NK: natural killer MHC I: Major histocompatibility complex class II. MHC II: Major histocompatibility complex class II. DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns; PAMPs: Pathogen associated molecular patterns. Created with BioRender.com. …

The role of proteasomes in tumorigenesis.

Protein homeostasis is the basis of normal life activities, and the proteasome family plays an extremely important function in this process. The proteasome 20S is a concentric circle structure with two α rings and two β rings overlapped. The proteasome 20S can perform both ATP-dependent and non-ATP-dependent ubiquitination proteasome degradation by binding to various subunits (such as 19S, 11S, and 200 PA), which is performed by its active subunit β1, β2, and β5. The proteasome can degrade misfolded, excess proteins to maintain homeostasis. At the same time, it can be utilized by tumors to deg

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… histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), deliver them to the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and then pass the signal to the CD8 + T cell. … Down-regulation of the transporter for antigen presentation, proteasome subunits, and class I major histocompatibility complex in tumor cell lines Cancer Res 58 16 1998 3660 3667 9721876 130 Kimura H. Caturegli P. Takahashi M. Suzuki K. …

Переход от педиатрической помощи к альтернативной склерозовой терапии для взрослых: проблемы, стратегии и терапия.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное состояние, вызывающее повреждение защитного покрытия нервов в центральной нервной системе. Педиатрический множественный склероз является редкой формой болезни, которая затрагивает 3-5% лиц с множественным склерозом. Множественный склероз (POMS) у педиатрии Onset (Podiatric Onset Multical Sclerosis) имеет весьма иной клинический профиль по сравнению с более распространенным множественным склерозом у взрослых. Помимо классических симптомов множественного склероза, дети, как правило, испытывают различные нетипичные симптомы, которые могут влия

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… complex (MHC) molecules. … Abbreviations Multiple sclerosis Pediatric Onset Multiple sclerosis Central nervous system Human herpesvirus 6 Disease-modifying therapies Human Leukocyte antigen Antigen Presenting Cells Major Histocompatibility Complex T cell receptor Cytotoxic T cells Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 …

Effect of β2-microglobulin in evaluating the severity and prognosis of brain injury: a clinical study.

Backgroundβ2-microglobulin has been showing to be vital that associated with brain function and neurological diseases. This study aimed to explore the expressions of β2-microglobulin in blood and urine of the patients with brain injury, and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the content of β2-microglobulin.MethodsThis prospective study included 54 patients with brain injury and 11 healthy controls. The patients were further assigned to two groups: the conscious disturbance group (n = 32) and the non-conscious disturbance group (n = 22) depending on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The pat

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… It was separated from the urine of patients with renal tubular disease for the first time in 1968 by Berggard [ 1 ] et al. β2-microglobulin is an important part of the major histocompatibility complex I ( MHC -I) and plays a significantly important role in antigen expression, immunoglobulin transport … The process of major histocompatibility complex-dependent immune responses in the brain may damage neurons, and β2-microglobulin is involved in this process [ 19 – 21 ]. β2-microglobulin can also act on hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPC) to affect their self-renewal, proliferation and neuronal …

Role of Polymorphisms of NKG2D Receptor and Its Ligands in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Human Stem Cell Transplantation.

Natural killer cells possess key regulatory function in various malignant diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia. NK cell activity is driven by signals received through ligands binding activating or inhibitory receptors. Their activity towards elimination of transformed or virally infected cells can be mediated through MICA, MICB and ULBP ligands binding the activating receptor NKG2D. Given the efficiency of NK cells, potential target cells developed multiple protecting mechanisms to overcome NK cells killing on various levels of biogenesis of NKG2D ligands. Targeted cells can degrade liga

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… Positive association of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A polymorphism with leukemia susceptibility in the people of Han nationality of Southern China . … Influence of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A polymorphisms on cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation . …

Allogeneic bone marrow transplant in Belfast--an outcome overview of the first 25 years.

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… BMT can be either autologous (the transferred haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are obtained from the patient) or allogeneic (HSC are from a donor that is optimally, totally matched at the major histocompatibility complex loci) 2 . …

GvHD prophylaxis with tacrolimus, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil after reduced intensity conditioning hematopoietic stem cell allogeneic transplantation.

We present the largest prospective real-world experience in 159 patients who received the triple combination of tacrolimus/sirolimus/mycophenolate mofetil after reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RIC-alloHSCT) from matched-related (MRD), matched-unrelated (MUD) or mismatched-unrelated donors (MMURD). Despite the high-risk and elderly population, non-relapse mortality (NRM) at day +100 and 1 year was 5.1% and 8.6%. Grades 2-4 and 3-4 acute Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) at day +180 was 30.3% and 13%, respectively. Chronic GvHD at 1 and 3 years w

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… Durable engraftment of major histocompatibility complex–incompatible cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation, and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide. Blood. 2001;98:3456–64. 11719388 10.1182/blood.v98.12.3456 37. … Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide facilitates engraftment of major histocompatibility complex-identical allogeneic marrow in mice conditioned with low-dose total body irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2002;8:131–8. 11939602 10.1053/bbmt.2002.v8.pm11939602 38. …

Natural Killer Cell Therapy: A New Treatment Paradigm for Solid Tumors.

In treatments of solid tumors, adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded natural killer (NK) cells has dawned as a new paradigm. Compared with cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells take a unique position targeting tumor cells that evade the host immune surveillance by down-regulating self-antigen presentation. Recent findings highlighted that NK cells can even target cancer stem cells. The efficacy of allogeneic NK cells has been widely investigated in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In solid tumors, both autologous and allogeneic NK cells have demonstrated potential efficacy. In allogeneic

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… Later, in the 1970s, NK cells were described in more detail when the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) nonrestricted killer cells were found to be naturally cytotoxic to tumor cells, including leukemic cells [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. … Licensing of natural killer cells by host major histocompatibility complex class I molecules Nature 2005 436 709 713 10.1038/nature03847 16079848 103. Del Zotto G. Marcenaro E. Vacca P. Sivori S. Pende D. Della Chiesa M. Moretta F. Ingegnere T. Mingari M.C. Moretta A. …

Comparison of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease characteristics between patients with malignant and non-malignant hematopoietic disorders.

ObjectivesTo characterize and compare the clinical manifestations of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in patients with malignant hematopoietic disorders versus those with non-malignant hematopoietic disorders, and to analyze associated risk factors.Materials and methodsDetailed examinations of the oral cavity were conducted in patients with malignant hematopoietic disorders (n = 52) and non-malignant hematopoietic disorders (n = 56) who developed oral cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The severity of oral cGVHD was scored, and logisti

Является ли DEXI множественным склерозом удобочитаемым геном?

Генетический ландшафт множественного склероза (MS) был тщательно просчитан, что позволило глубже понять молекулярные механизмы расстройства. В ходе первых исследований были выявлены ключевые гены, связанные с иммунной системой, в частности с Т клетками, которые имеют решающее значение для MS-чувствительности. В ходе последующих широкомасштабных исследований, проведенных в рамках всей ассоциации генома (GWAS), было выявлено более 200 генетических вариантов, связанных с MS, что выявило сложную взаимосвязь между риском, связанным с MS, и генами, вовлеченными в различные процессы в рамках адаптивн

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… CIITA —major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator, DEXI —dexamethasone-induced protein, CLEC16A —The C-type lectin domain family 16, member A, SOCS1 —suppressor of cytokine signalling 1. … CIITA , which encodes the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator and SOCS1 that encodes suppressor of cytokine signalling 1, both have functions of importance for autoimmunity [ 34 , 35 ]. …

CD47-Targeted Therapy in Cancer Immunotherapy: At a Crossroads of Promise and Challenge.

Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), an immune checkpoint commonly referred to as the "don't eat me" signal, plays a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion by inhibiting phagocytosis through interaction with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Although early enthusiasm drove broad clinical development, recent discontinuations of major CD47-targeted programs have prompted re-evaluation of its therapeutic potential. The purpose of this commentary is to contextualize the setbacks observed with first-generation CD47 inhibitors and to highlight strategie

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… This provides strong rationale for therapeutic inhibition, particularly in tumors with poor T-cell infiltration or loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression. … histocompatibility complex Multiple myeloma Natural killer Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase Programmed cell death protein 1 Programmed death-ligand 1 perforin Red blood cell Src Homology region 2 domain-containing Phosphatase-1 Src Homology region 2 domain-containing Phosphatase-2 Signal regulatory …

Immunohistochemical expression of CD57 in different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background and aimIn general, the natural killer (NK) cells are considered to represent the innate immune system and act as the vital effector of lymphocytes. Natural killer cells (NK) cells target and destroy tumour-causing cells. The purpose of this study is to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of CD57 in different histopathological grades of Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and methodsThirty archival blocks were selected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem comprising 10

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… In the absence of any priming or prior activation, the NK cells notice and control the progress of the tumour.[ 10 , 11 ] By detecting the lack of expression of the major histocompatibility complex I, natural killer cells can detect cancerous cells and release cytokines and Human Natural Kill1 (HNK1 … Conflicting T lymphocytes, which can only be stimulated by the antigens via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class antigens, the cytotoxic effects of NK cells do not need foreign antigens. Perhaps, foreign antigen is triggered by the transformed or lessened MHC class I antigens. …

Natural killer T cells subsets in cancer, functional defects in prostate cancer and implications for immunotherapy.

Natural killer T cells are T lymphocytes with unique activation and effector properties. The majority of NKT cells, termed type-I or iNKT cells, recognize lipid antigens presented on MHC-like CD1d molecules. Type-I NKT cells have the capacity to rapidly secrete various cytokines upon activation, thereby regulate immune responses exerts dominant anti-tumor and anti-microbial effector functions. Specific activation of type-I NKT cells in mouse models boosts immunity and prevents metastasis, which has led to a number of phase I-II clinical trials. Since the discovery of NKT cells other subsets wi

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… Target recognition and cytotoxicity of CIK cells is non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted but NKG2D-dependent [ 70 ]. … The virus-specific and allospecific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is modified in a subpopulation of CD8(+) T cells coexpressing the inhibitory major histocompatibility complex class I receptor Ly49G2. J. …

Вариации HLA у инуитов и нейроиммунное заболевание.

Мировой риск аутоиммунных заболеваний, особенно множественного склероза (МС), варьируется в зависимости от населения. Одним из ключевых факторов является иммунная вариация, обусловленная генетическими вариациями. Человеческая антигенная система лейкоцитов (HLA) играет центральную роль в представлении антигенов, иммунном регулировании и взаимодействии между носителями и патогенами. Изменение генов HLA имеет существенные клинические последствия, влияющие на риск аутоиммунных и нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Например, HLA-DRB1*15:01 остается самым сильным и наиболее систематически повторяемым ф

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… Fine-mapping the genetic association of the major histocompatibility complex in multiple sclerosis: HLA and non-HLA effects . PLoS Genet. 9 : e1003926 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003926 24278027 PMC3836799 Pham-Huy A. Murguia-Favela L. Rubin T. Suresh S. Wright N. A. M. Derfalvi B. . ( 2024 ). … Major histocompatibility complex genomics and human disease . Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet . 14 , 301 – 323 . doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153455 23875801 PMC4426292 …

Beyond αβ T cells: NK, iNKT, and γδT cell biology in leukemic patients and potential for off-the-shelf adoptive cell therapies for AML.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an elusive disease to treat, let alone cure, even after highly intensive therapies such as stem cell transplants. Adoptive cell therapeutic strategies based on conventional alpha beta (αβ)T cells are an active area of research in myeloid neoplasms given their remarkable success in other hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell-derived acute lymphoid leukemia, myeloma, and lymphomas. Several limitations have hindered clinical application of adoptive cell therapies in AML including lack of leukemia-specific antigens, on-target-off-leukemic toxicity, immu

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… Gamma delta (γδ)T cells are cytotoxic with both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent and MHC-independent activity. Thus, in combination with αβ T cells, these three cell types represent the full spectrum from innate to adaptive T cell immunity. …

No patient left behind: The promise of immune priming with epigenetic agents.

Checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1 or CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers. Despite the enthusiasm for the clinical successes of checkpoint inhibitors, and immunotherapy, in general, only a minority of patients with specific tumor types actually benefit from treatment. Emerging evidence implicates epigenetic alterations as a mechanism of clinical resistance to immunotherapy. This review presents evidence for that association, summarizes the epi-based mechanisms by which tumors evade immunogenic cell death, discusses epigenetic modulation as

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… These released tumor antigens (TAs) are captured by antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and DCs, which process and load TA-derived peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II (step 2); the loaded MHCs then activate MHC-restricted T cells (i.e., cytotoxic T-lymphocytes … histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes that function to bind and present antigens to the adaptive immune system. …

Allergic Reaction to Red Tattou Ink: Отчет о деле аниме-инспирированной татуировки в иммунокомпрометированном пациенте.

Татуировки стали формой художественного самовыражения на протяжении всей человеческой жизни. Они также используются в медицинской области в различных подспециализированных областях в диагностических и терапевтических целях. Рост этой деятельности сопровождался ростом резких и системных осложнений, связанных с различными пигментами и методами применения. Некоторые резкие осложнения, связанные с татуировкой, могут включать в себя подстрекательские, инфекционные и прожившие формы. Хорошо известно, что существуют относительные противопоказания для пациентов с системными или кожными заболеваниями,

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… The mechanism of action of this drug is based on immunomodulation, wherein the response of T-cells to myelin antigens is inhibited by binding to the major histocompatibility complex [ 7 ]. …