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NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are able to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization. It has been shown that NK cells play a pivotal role in a variety of cancers, highlighting their relevance in tumor immunosurveillance. NK cell infiltration has been reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most frequent kidney cancer in adults, and their presence has been associated with patients' survival. However, the role of NK cells in this disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the biology of NK cells and the mechanisms through which they are abl

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… T cells develop in the thymus and are specifically activated when their T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes foreign antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, called human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans [ 4 ]. … Structure and function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific receptors expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells. Mol. Immunol. 2002;38:637–660. doi: 10.1016/S0161-5890(01)00107-9. 20. Long E.O., Sik Kim H., Liu D., Peterson M.E., Rajagopalan S. …

Safety and Efficacy of Imatinib for Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Primary Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral administration of imatinib combined with the Best Conventional Ca … mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for storage to look at transcriptomics in severe disease, Association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with severity of illness, Mean change in the ordinal scale from baseline, Time to an improvement of one category from admission using an ordinal scale, Duration of hospitalization, Duration of new oxygen use, Number of oxygenation free days, D …

CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas.

Treatment for malignant primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma, remains a significant challenge despite advances in therapy. CAR-T cell immunotherapy represents a promising alternative to conventional treatments. This review discusses the landscape of clinical trials for CAR-T cell therapy targeting brain tumors, highlighting key advancements like novel target antigens and combinatorial strategies designed to address tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression, with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with these aggressive cancers.

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… However, several cancers, such as GBM, downregulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules as a mechanism of immune cell escape 15 , 16 , thereby impeding the efficacy of strategies that rely on the presentation of antigens in the context of MHC. … MHC major histocompatibility complex, TCR T cell receptors. The hinge region within CAR molecules serves as a bridge between the antigen-recognition domain and T-cell membrane, providing a degree of flexibility to accommodate spatial and steric constraints. …

Oral complications in hematopoietic stem cell recipients: the role of inflammation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is widely used as a potentially curative treatment for patients with various hematological malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, and congenital immune deficiencies. The prevalence of oral complications in both autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients remains high, despite advances in transplant medicine and in supportive care. Frequently encountered oral complications include mucositis, infections, oral dryness, taste changes, and graft versus host disease in allogeneic HSCT. Oral complications are associated with substantial morbidity and

Сетевая биоинформатика Reveal Microenvironment-Driven Cell-Cell Communication in the Progress of Multieloma.

Секвенирование РНК в одной клетке (scRNAseq) фиксирует уникальные профили отдельных клеток и обнаруживает связь между клетками (CCC) посредством взаимодействия лиганда-рецептора (LR). Кроме того, он показывает механизмы сигнализации, лежащие в основе клеточной неоднородности и сложности реакции вниз по течению в здоровых и болезнетворных состояниях. В ходе этой работы мы разработали композитный вычислительный трубопровод для отслеживания структуры КХЦ в опухолей микроокружающей среды (TME) в процессе развития Multieloma (MM) в качестве тематического исследования. Three Обнародованные наборы да

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… The HLA-DRA ligand is a component of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecule and plays a critical role in immune surveillance; its expression levels change during the progression from MGUS to active MM [ 28 ]. … Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and MHC Class II Proteins: Conformational Plasticity in Antigen Presentation. Front. Immunol. 2017;8:292. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00292. 29. Cheng Y., Sun F., Alapat D.V., Wanchai V., Mery D., Siegel E.R., Xu H., Johnson S., Guo W., Bailey C., et al. …

Combined Bone Marrow and Kidney Transplantation for the Induction of Specific Tolerance.

The induction of specific tolerance, in order to avoid the detrimental effects of lifelong systemic immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation, has been considered the "Holy Grail" of transplantation. Experimentally, tolerance has been achieved through clonal deletion, through costimulatory blockade, through the induction or infusion of regulatory T-cells, and through the establishment of hematopoietic chimerism following donor bone marrow transplantation. The focus of this review is how tolerance has been achieved following combined bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Preclinic

CD200 является мощным новым фактором роста в Мультимиломе, зависящим от сигнала рецептора IGF1.

CD200 — это иммунный контрольно-пропускной пункт, безошибочно выраженный в 70% недавно диагностированных пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ) и связанный с плохим исходом. Выражение CD200 клетками опухоли препятствует иммунной реакции через взаимодействие с CD200R и участвует в устойчивости к иммунной терапии. Однако его роль в опухоли остается слабой. В этом исследовании мы показываем, что клетки MM, перевыражающие CD200, представляют собой значительное пролиферативное преимущество в свободных культурных сыворотках, средних и клоногенных анализах. Преимущество роста клеток, опосредованное

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… Table 1: dummy alt text Protein name Description Meta Score B 1A33_HUMAN major histocompatibility complex, class I, A 129.9 ANGT_HUMAN angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) 86.8 ANM1_HUMAN protein arginine methyltransferase 1 79 ANT3_HUMAN serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C … Table 1: dummy alt text Protein name Description Meta Score B 1A33_HUMAN major histocompatibility complex, class I, A 129.9 ANGT_HUMAN angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) 86.8 ANM1_HUMAN protein arginine methyltransferase 1 79 ANT3_HUMAN serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C …

[Immunotherapy - The New Era of Oncology].

In the field of immunotherapy, essential progress was achieved over the past years partially demonstrating long lasting therapeutic responses in different tumor entities. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor and the immune system as well as the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches into clinical routine were the foundations for this development. The different approaches intervene on multiple levels of the immune response and directly or indirectly mount the patient's own immune defense against tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches are represented by cytokine t

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… Many cells of the innate immune response have the ability of phagocytosis, i. e., they actively take in pathogens, process them, and present – according to the cell type – parts of them on their surface on molecules of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II; Fig. 1 ). … histocompatibility complex class I expression impacts on patient survival and type and density of immune cells in biliary tract cancer Br J Cancer 2015 113 1343 1349 26461054 10.1038/bjc.2015.337 PMC4815783 17 Zhang J Xu Z Zhou X Loss of expression of MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) is a frequent …

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality rates globally. Standard treatments for colorectal cancer have always been surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy which may be used in combination to treat patients. However, these treatments have many side effects due to their non-specificity and cytotoxicity toward any cells including normal cells that are growing and dividing. Furthermore, many patients succumb to relapse even after a series of treatments. Thus, it is crucial to have more alternative and effective treatments to treat CRC p

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… The modifications are necessary for enhancing the T cells’ ability to recognize the antigen of interest and avoid the major histocompatibility complex restriction recognition. … This modification is necessary to enhance T cells’ ability to recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) such as CD19 and avoid the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) restriction recognition on the cancer cell. …

Изучение связи между 91 циркуляцией воспламенительных протеинов и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями: двухнаправленный анализ менделей и биоинформатики.

Циркуляция подстрекательских белков играет важную роль в патогенезе нейродегенеративных заболеваний (НДД). Однако точная причинно-следственная связь и механизмы, лежащие в основе их взаимодействия, по-прежнему остаются неясными. МЕТОДЫ: В каталоге GWAS были получены данные по 91 циркуляционному подстрекательскому протеину в рамках исследования ассоциации геномов (GWAS). Кроме того, данные GWAS о болезни Паркинсона (PD), болезни Альцгеймера (AD), амиотропическом боковом склерозе (ALS), множественном склерозе (MS) и ишемическом инсульте (IS) были получены в рамках проекта IEU Open GWAS. Для анал

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… histocompatibility complex matrix metalloproteinase‐1 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Mendelian randomization MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier multiple sclerosis neurodegenerative disorders osteoprotegerin Parkinson's disease primary progressive multiple sclerosis quantitative trait … In C1, ubiquitin‐mediated protein hydrolysis, autophagy regulation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐mediated antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis‐induced DNA fragmentation, and adaptive immune regulation, as well as the TGF‐β signaling pathway, were significantly enhanced. …

Moving forward in target antigen discovery for immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia.

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… CD74, also known as an invariant chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, was initially described as a chaperone of the MHC-II, and more recently it has been involved in monocyte/macrophage activation, stem cell maintenance, B-cell differentiation and T-cell function. …

Prospects for γδ T cells and chimeric antigen receptor γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.

γδ T cells, a type of specialized T cell, differ from alpha-beta T cells due to the presence of γ and δ chain surface T cell receptors. These receptors allow them to directly recognize and bind antigenic molecules without the requirement of attachment to MHC or APC antigen presentation. Given their intrinsic properties and functional versatility, γδ T cells are under intensive investigation as carriers for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in the context of cancer therapy. In this regard, γδ CAR-T cells have demonstrated great potential to overcome the limitations of antigen recognition with the

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… Due to their distinctive immunological characteristics, γδ T cells possess the ability to recognize target antigens independently of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) restrictions and can elicit anti-tumor responses without inducing GvHD ( 6 , 7 ), thereby presenting a highly promising therapeutic … Therefore, it combines the advantages of both CAR-T and γδ T cells: 1.γδ T cells do not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to recognize antigens. …

CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway.

Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 2

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… Signal one requires the engagement of a T cell receptor by antigen-major histocompatibility complex proteins present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells [ 11 ], whereas signal two requires the engagement of CD28, a potent T cell costimulator expressed on antigen-presenting cells [ 12 ]. … Antigen/major histocompatibility complex-specific activation of murine T cells transfected with functionally rearranged T-cell receptor genes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1987 84 21 7614 7618 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7614 2-s2.0-0023605098 2823268 PMC299350 …

Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), notably anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as well as inhibitors of CTLA-4, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has revolutionized treatment options for solid tumors. However, the lack of response to treatment, in terms of de novo or acquired resistance, and immune related adverse events (IRAE) remain as hurdles. One mechanisms to overcome the limitations of ICIs is to target other immune checkpoints associated with tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation ge

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… Characterization of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Binding Site on LAG-3 Protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94, 5744–5749.. 10.1073/pnas.94.11.5744 Huard B., Prigent P., Tournier M., Bruniquel D., Triebel F. (1995). … Lymphocyte-activation Gene 3/major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Interaction Modulates the Antigenic Response of CD4+ T Lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 3216–3221.. 10.1002/eji.1830241246 Hutloff A., Dittrich A. M., Beier K. …

Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy.

Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a critical role in cancer development, progression and control. Interleukins can nurture an environment enabling and favouring cancer growth while simultaneously being essential for a productive tumour-directed immune response. These properties of interleukins can be exploited to improve immunotherapies to promote effectiveness as well as to limit side effects. This Review aims to unravel some of these complex interactio

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… DCs loaded with tumour antigens migrate into the draining lymph nodes, where they present processed antigens together with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules to naive T cells. … DCs loaded with tumour antigens migrate into the draining lymph nodes, where they present processed antigens together with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules to naive T cells. …

Benefit and danger from immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis.

In the last years, significant advances have improved the knowledge of myasthenia gravis (MG) immunopathogenesis and have enabled to realize new molecules with a selective action targeting compounds of the immunological system. This review discusses emerging treatments for MG, including complement inhibitors, neonatal Fc receptor targeting agents, and B cell interfering drugs, focusing on benefit and danger. In the second section of the review, several related adverse events of immunotherapy, including MGonset, are debated.

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… They are crucial in MG immunopathogenesis by the generation of autoantibodies and by a presentation of antigens on their surface with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) inducing T cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines [ 27 ]. … histocompatibility complex B cell-activating factor Rituximab Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus John Cunningham virus B Lymphocyte stimulator Experimental autoimmune MG Tumor necrosis factor Interleukin Interferon TNF inhibitors Suppressive regulatory T cells T helper 17 …

Clinical impact of checkpoint inhibitors as novel cancer therapies.

Immune responses are tightly regulated via signaling through numerous co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. Exploitation of these immune checkpoint pathways is one of the mechanisms by which tumors evade and/or escape the immune system. A growing understanding of the biology of immune checkpoints and tumor immunology has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies designed to target co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in order to re-engage the immune system and restore antitumor immune responses. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies were among t

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… Recently, it has been recognized that, on its own, tumor peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to T-cell receptors is inadequate for successful T-cell activation and immune destruction of cancer cells. … CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, GAL9 galectin-9, GITR glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene, GITRL glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene ligand, LAG-3 lymphocyte activation gene-3, MHC major histocompatibility complex, PD-1 programmed death-1, PD-L1 programmed …

Revitalizing T cells: breakthroughs and challenges in overcoming T cell exhaustion.

T cell exhaustion is a prevalent phenomenon in chronic infections and tumor microenvironments, severely compromising the effectiveness of antitumor and antiviral immunity. In recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, including external factors and intrinsic cellular changes that drive this dysfunctional state. Key external factors such as persistent antigen exposure, immune checkpoint signaling, and the cytokine milieu, as well as intrinsic changes such as altered metabolic processes, epigenetic modifications, and transcr

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… The HIV protein Nef downregulates critical surface molecules on infected cells, such as CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI), impairing the presentation of HIV-derived peptides to cytotoxic T cells. 147 – 149 This disruption leads to the suboptimal activation of CD8 + T cells, promoting …

Cancer Immunotherapy Beyond Checkpoint Blockade: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

Avoidance of immune destruction is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer development. Although first predicted as a potential antitumor treatment modality more than 50 years ago, the widespread clinical use of cancer immunotherapies has only recently become a reality. Cancer immunotherapy works by reactivation of a stalled pre-existing immune response or by eliciting a de novo immune response, and its toolkit comprises antibodies, vaccines, cytokines, and cell-based therapies. The treatment paradigm in some malignancies has completely changed over the past 10 to 15 years. Massive effort

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… Major histocompatibility complex genomics and human disease Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 14 2013 301 323 23875801 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153455 PMC4426292 13 Maiers M. Gragert L. Klitz W. … An engineered antibody fragment targeting mutant beta-catenin via major histocompatibility complex I neoantigen presentation J Biol Chem 294 2019 19322 19334 31690625 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010251 PMC6916501 46 Skora A.D. Douglass J. Hwang M.S. …

Clinical Treatment Study of Secondary Multiple Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Psoriasis Vulgaris.

Dermatologic diseases are the fourth most frequent nonfatal common illness, yet they have a psychological, economical, and professional burden that is comparable to or larger than other chronic conditions. From a survey in China of 6 provinces, the overall prevalence of psoriasis with squamous cell carcinoma was 0.47%. According to the current investigation, the outburst of skin disease was not associated with gender, but mainly with the climate of the environment; that is, dry cold weather will more likely to induce psoriasis. Approximately 3% of people around the world have psoriasis, which