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Antiviral therapy for the sexually transmitted viruses: recent updates on vaccine development.

INTRODUCTION: The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses including human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human immu … effective vaccines using different laboratory animal models including mice, guinea pig or non-human primates in preclinical trials, and human in clinical trials with different phases. EXPERT OPINION: There is no effective FDA approved vaccine against the sexually transmitted viruses (STVs) except for HBV and HPV as prophylactic vaccines. Many attempts are …

Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines.

Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes whic … and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the …

A new three-dimensional geometric morphometrics analysis of the Ouranopithecus macedoniensis cranium (Late Miocene, Central Macedonia, Greece).

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to virtually reconstruct the deformed face (XIR-1) and maxilla (RPl-128) of the Late Miocene hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from Greece, through the application of mirror-imaging and segmentation. Additionally, analysis was conducted through 3D geometric morphometrics, utilizing a comparative sample of fossil hominoids, extant great apes (Gorilla, Pan, and Pongo) and humans, so as to explore shape variation and phenetic similarities between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution computed tomography was used to create digital representations of the XIR-

Evidence That Rhesus Macaques Self-Cure from a Schistosoma japonicum Infection by Disrupting Worm Esophageal Function: A New Route to an Effective Vaccine?

BACKGROUND: Rhesus macaques are unusual among schistosome hosts, self-curing from an established infection and thereafter manifesting solid immunity against a challenge, an ideal model for vaccine development. Previously, the immunological basis of self-cure was confirmed; surviving worms had ceased feeding but how immunological pressure achieved this was unclear. The schistosome esophagus is not simply a conduit for blood but plays a central role in its processing. Secretions from the anterior and posterior esophageal glands mix with incoming blood causing erythrocyte lysis and tethering and

Abortive intrabronchial infection of rhesus macaques with varicella-zoster virus provides partial protection against simian varicella virus challenge.

UNLABELLED: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (HZ, shingles). Previously, inoculation of monkeys via the subcutaneous, intratracheal, intravenous, or oral-nasal-conjunctival routes did not recapitulate all the hallmarks of VZV infection, including varicella, immunity, latency, and reactivation. Intrabronchial inoculation of rhesus macaques (RMs) with simian varicella virus (SVV), a homolog of VZV, recapitulates virologic and immunologic hallmarks of VZV infection in humans. Given that VZV i

Isolation of a phylogenetically distinct rabies virus from a tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) in Brazil.

A rabies virus isolate (BRmk1358 strain) was discovered from a rabid tufted capuchin monkey in Brazil. The present study determined the nucleotide sequence of the BRmk1358 strain and compared with the rabies viruses isolated from marmosets and other animals in the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the BRmk1358 strain formed a lineage distant from that of marmoset rabies virus within the Chiroptera-related rabies virus cluster. This result suggests that the source of rabies infection in the tufted capuchin monkey may have been bat, and that they have a risk to act as rabies reservoir

[Hantaviruses in Germany: threat for zoo, pet, companion and farm animals?].

Hantaviruses are so-called "emerging" and "re-emerging" viruses because of the new and sudden nature of their appearance. Human infections can lead to two distinct disease patterns, the Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and the Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome. All known human pathogenic hantaviruses are transmitted through rodent hosts. There are three rodent-associated hantaviruses in Germany. The bank vole-associated Puumala virus (PUUV) is responsible for most of the human hantavirus infections. The Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) associated with the striped field mouse is causing ha

Highly effective generic adjuvant systems for orphan or poverty-related vaccines.

Safe and effective adjuvants are needed for many vaccines with limited commercial appeal, such as vaccines to infrequent (orphan) diseases or to neglected and poverty-related diseases. Here we found that three nonproprietary liposome formulations containing monophosphoryl lipid A each induced 3-fold to 5-fold increased titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies to anthrax protective antigen compared to aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed antigen in monkeys. All vaccinated monkeys were protected against lethal challenge with aerosolized Ames strain spores.

Environmental and physiological factors contributing to outbreaks of cryptosporidium in Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center: 1999-2007.

This population-based, retrospective study examined the susceptibility of a prosimian primate, Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli), to Cryptosporidium spp. over a 9-yr period from 1999 to 2007 at the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) located in Durham, North Carolina. The investigation examined potential epidemiologic risk factors that could be correlated to infectious outbreaks at the center, such as prevalence, signalment (species, age, and sex), seasonality of occurrence, recurrence rate, family lineage, parturition, clinical signs, and concurrent diseases or health conditions. Findings include

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based diagnostic assay for monkeypox virus infections.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) causes a smallpox-like disease in non-human primates and humans. This infection is endemic to central and western Africa. MPXV is divided into two genetically different groups, Congo Basin and West African MPXV, with the former being the more virulent. A real-time quantitative MPXV genome amplification system was developed for the diagnosis of MPXV infections using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology. Primers used for genome amplification of Congo Basin (C-LAMP), West African (W-LAMP), and both Congo Basin and West African (COM-LAMP) MPXV by LAMP wer…

A histologic demonstration of siliceous materials in simian lung mite infected lung tissues by microincineration.

Approximately 90% of freshly imported macaques and other Old World Monkeys are known to be infected with respiratory mites. The lung associated pigments are integral components of pulmonary acariasis in Old World Monkeys; at least three distinctive pigmental bodies are identified in association with lung mite infection. Two major components of pigments are recently identified as silica by using elemental analysis using a high voltage electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis technique. Since a limited number of infected monkey lung tissues and associated pigments can be exami

Neurobiology of Social Touch.

Social touch is a critical component of our daily lives, shaping our interactions with friends and loved ones. Reduced social touch, especia … cules, cells, and circuits of the social touch network, highlighting insights from humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. I conclude by exploring some of the exciting avenues for future research.

Tellurium nanowire retinal nanoprosthesis improves vision in models of blindness.

Present vision restoration technologies have substantial constraints that limit their application in the clinical setting. In this work, we … nd enabled visually cued learning under visible and near-infrared 1550-nanometer light. In nonhuman primates, TeNWNs elicited robust retina-derived neural responses, confirming biocompatibility and feasibility. By restoring lost photosensitivity and extending vision to near-infrared, this nanoprosthesis offers a promising approach for restoring vision.

Heart Transplant: A Never-Ending Story.

Despite ongoing advancements in the field of heart failure, heart transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with advanced heart failure. Decades of research, surgical innovation, and progress in transplant immunology have enabled the overcoming of persistent challenges associated with this complex procedure. Since the initial preclinical experiments involving heart transplants in canines and primates, the process has been profoundly transformed through the development of the bioptome for endomyocardial biopsies and the introduction of immunosuppressive therapies. More recen…

Усиление филовирусных геномов из клинических образцов для последовательности следующего поколения.

Вирусная последовательность генома стала одним из важнейших инструментов смягчения последствий вспышек. В силу своего небольшого размера по отношению к геному хоста вирусные геномы составляют небольшую долю последовательности следующего поколения в клинических образцах при использовании беспристрастных последовательности. Длительная цепная реакция полимеразы облегчает амплификацию вирусных геномов из клинических и экологических образцов с минимальными грунтовыми участками, позволяя исследователям нацеливаться на регионы генома, которые сохраняются в рамках имеющихся вариантов. Здесь мы описыва

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Viral genome sequencing has become a critical tool in outbreak mitigation. Due to their small size relative to the host genome, viral genome … ation and sequencing of the Ebola virus genome from tissue samples collected from infected nonhuman primates. This protocol facilitates full viral genome recovery from as low as 103 median tissue culture infectious doses per milliliter.

Prolonged fecal shedding of replication-competent virus, lasting immune activation, and intestinal inflammation in a rhesus macaque after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Infection of an adult rhesus macaque with SARS-CoV-2 led to viral RNAemia in nose, throat, and lungs. The animal also presented extended fec … of virus transmission via the fecal-oral route. This study further adds the importance of nonhuman primates as a valuable animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.

Development of Medical Countermeasures to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.

Preclinical development of and research on potential Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) medical countermeasures remain preliminary; advancements are needed before most countermeasures are ready to be tested in human clinical trials. Research priorities include standardization of animal models and virus stocks for studying disease pathogenesis and efficacy of medical countermeasures; development of MERS-CoV diagnostics; improved access to nonhuman primates to support preclinical research; studies to better understand and control MERS-CoV disease, including vaccination studi…

A strategy to simultaneously eradicate the natural reservoirs of rabies and Ebola virus.

The efficacy of a recombinant live-attenuated or chemically inactivated bivalent vaccine against rabies virus (RABV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) … ice post-RABV or -EBOV challenge. These results justify further studies in guinea pigs and nonhuman primates, and highlight a promising strategy to eradicate the natural reservoirs of RABV and EBOV.

Invasive aspergillosis in a putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with adrenocortical Cushing's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: An 18-year-old captive female putty-nosed-monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) with a history of long-term infertility and hypergluc … ked immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous endocrinopathies are rarely described in non-human primates. Here we report the first case of spontaneous adrenocortical hyperglucocorticism predisposing to systemic aspergillosis in a putty-nosed monkey.