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National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in Slovakia.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a chronic, systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. In Slovakia, its prevalence is estimated at 6%, with substantial health, social, and economic burdens. OBJECTIVE: The Slovak national guideline provides an overview for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis in Slovakia, reflecting recent scientific advances and recommendations from international bodies. METHODS: The guidelines were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel and officially adopted

Safety and tolerability of zoledronic acid and other bisphosphonates in osteoporosis management.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. They bind strongly to bone matrix and reduce bone loss through inhibition of osteoclast activity. They are classified as nitrogen- and non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs and NNBPs, respectively). The former inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase while the latter induce the production of toxic analogs of adenosine triphosphate. These mechanisms of action are associated with different antifracture efficacy, and NBPs show the most powerful action. Moreover, recent evi

Biosimilar Retacrit® (epoetin zeta) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced symptomatic anemia in hematology and oncology in Germany (ORHEO) - non-interventional study.

BackgroundSymptomatic anemia is a frequent and severe complication of chemotherapy that is commonly treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. The primary objective of this study was to assess the change in hemoglobin levels in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) following treatment with biosimilar Retacrit® (epoetin zeta). Secondary objectives included changes in hematologic parameters and tolerability.MethodsThis was a non-interventional, multicenter, long-term observational study that is part of an ongoing surveillance program for epoetin zeta. Adult patients (N=291) with s

Dietary Supplement Use among Older Cancer Survivors: Socio-Demographic Associations, Supplement Types, Reasons for Use, and Cost.

Most Americans take dietary supplements (DSs) and use is even higher among cancer survivors. This secondary analysis seeks to identify types, reasons, and costs of supplements used by 367 older cancer survivors enrolled in the Harvest for Health vegetable gardening trial and evaluate associations between supplement intake and medical/socio-demographic factors. Descriptive statistics were used to identify supplement type and reasons for use. Average market price was used to estimate cost. Fifty-nine percent of the sample reported supplement use. Female (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.35-3.30), non-Hispanic

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

Tapentadol prolonged release for patients with multiple myeloma suffering from moderate-to-severe cancer pain due to bone disease.

CONTEXT: Myeloma bone disease (MBD) is a devastating complication of multiple myeloma that leads to severe pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol prolonged release (PR) in the management of patients with MBD suffering from moderate-to-severe cancer pain. METHODS: A 12-week prospective study was carried out in 25 opioid-naïve MBD patients. Patients initially received twice-daily doses of tapentadol PR 50 mg. Doses were then managed to maintain adequate relief or dose-limiting toxicity. The following parameters were recorded at weekl

Carfilzomib: a novel treatment in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

Carfilzomib is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor with well-documented clinical activity as a single agent in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Carfilzomib can partially overcome resistance in bortezomib-refractory patients and has significant efficacy in bortezomib-naïve patients. Responses generally occur rapidly and are durable in the majority of cases. Carfilzomib can be safely administered in patients with renal failure and adverse cytogenetics do not seem to interfere with its activity. Moreover, carfilzomib has the advantage of a favorable safety profile, especia

Cost-Effectiveness of Preemptive Plerixafor Versus Rescue Plerixafor for Mobilization and Collection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma.

BackgroundPlerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has shown superior efficacy in mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, its widespread use is constrained by high costs, and there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of mobilization strategies. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of preemptive versus rescue plerixafor in patients from the Brazilian Public Health Care System with multiple myeloma or lymphoma eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).MethodsThis observational study assessed the costs and clinical outcome

Safety and effects of two mistletoe preparations on production of Interleukin-6 and other immune parameters - a placebo controlled clinical trial in healthy subjects.

BackgroundIn Germany, Iscucin® Populi (IP), a preparation from mistletoe growing on the poplar tree, is used in cancer therapy while Viscum Mali e planta tota (VM), a preparation from mistletoe growing on the apple tree, is used in patients with osteoarthritis. Since mistletoe preparations are suspected to induce production of potentially tumor promoting cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, further studies on the immunological effects are of interest.MethodsIn this 3-armed randomized, double blind clinical trial healthy volunteers received increasing doses of either IP (strength F, 0.0125%, G, 0

Recurrent severe hypocalcemia following chemotherapy regimen changes in advanced breast cancer: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: As an oncologic emergency related to abnormalities in calcium metabolism, hypercalcemia associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and bone metastases is well known. Meanwhile, the incidence of hypocalcemia is low, except in cases associated with bone-modifying agents used for bone metastases. Hypocalcemia induced by bone-modifying agents typically occurs early after the initial administration, and its incidence can be significantly reduced by preventive administration of calcium and vitamin D3 supplements. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of recurrent severe hypocalcemia occurring d

European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by an increase of body fat stores. It is a gateway to ill health, and it has become one of the leading causes of disability and death, affecting not only adults but also children and adolescents worldwide. In clinical practice, the body fatness is estimated by BMI, and the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat (marker for higher metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk) can be assessed by waist circumference. Complex interactions between biological, behavioural, social and environmental factors are involved in regulation of energy balance and

The investigation of oncolytic viruses in the field of cancer therapy.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a potential strategy for tumor treatment due to their ability to selectively replicate in tumor cells, induce apoptosis, and stimulate immune responses. However, the therapeutic efficacy of single OVs is limited by the complexity and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome these challenges, engineering OVs has become an important research direction. This review focuses on engineering methods and multi-modal combination therapies for OVs aimed at addressing delivery barriers, viral phagocytosis, and antiviral immunity in

An Innovative Patient Stratification Tool Integrating Clinical and Economic Data for Benchmarking Oncology and Hematology Care: The PATONCOS System.

Background: The growing complexity and cost of oncohematological treatments has created an urgent need for standardized methodologies capable of enabling inter-institutional comparisons of healthcare expenditure within homogeneous patient groups. Cancer-related pharmaceutical costs vary substantially depending on tumour type, disease stage, and therapeutic approach, making cross-institutional benchmarking challenging due to heterogeneity in patient populations and clinical practice patterns. Therefore, integrating cost analysis with clinically meaningful patient stratification is essential to

Воздействие физических упражнений на цепочку нееврофильтрации и уровень глиального фибрового протеина у пациентов с множественным склерозом: систематический обзор и мета-анализ Байезийской сети.

Справочная информация: За последние десятилетия прогнозы в отношении лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) значительно улучшились благодаря достижениям в диагностике и лечении. Из-за непредсказуемости курса и реакции на гетерогенное лечение в MS существует явная потребность в биомаркерах, отражающих активность заболеваний при клиническом наблюдении за этими пациентами. Мы провели систематический обзор с байезийской сетью метаанализа с целью анализа воздействия физических упражнений на уровни нейрофильлитенов (NfL) и глиального фибрового кислотного белка (GFAP) у пациентов с MS. Методы: Был провед

Analyzing the factors associated with efficacy among teriparatide treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Teriparatide (TPTD) is a widely used anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Several factors have been identified to be related to bone mineral density (BMD) increase in anti-osteoporosis treatment with other agents; however, there has been no systematic analysis to summarize the associated determinants of BMD reaction to daily teriparatide treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we performed a comprehensive investigation involving not only clinical data but also several relevant lifestyle factors to be examined for their potential contribution to BMD response.

Nephrotoxicity of recent anti-cancer agents.

Cancer patients may develop a variety of kidney lesions that impair not only their immediate survival but also limit the adequate treatment of the underlying malignant process. This review summarizes the nephrotoxic potential of some of the most recently developed anti-cancer drugs, focusing on those interfering with the vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Thrombotic microangiopathy (haemolytic-uraemic syndrome), proteinuria, hypertension and magnesium depletion are the most common side effects. Also the

Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving pathogenesis, multimodal diagnostics, and principles of treatment.

Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clin

Progress on new drug treatments for hepatic echinococcosis.

Echinococcosis: is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus tapeworms. At present, the standardized treatment regimen for this disease consists of radical lesion resection combined with albendazole. For patients who are inoperable or experience postoperative recurrence, the treatment with anti-echinococcosis drugs is particularly crucial. To date, albendazole remains the primary drug clinically used for anti-echinococcosis treatment. However, it has inherent drawbacks such as low bioavailability, poor solubility, long treatment course, and multiple adver

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… This article aims to systematically review the research progress in the drug treatment of echinococcosis in recent years, and summarize the relevant studies from multiple dimensions, including drug structure optimization, dosage form improvement, combined therapy, and exploration of natural medicines … Progress in the research and development of new drug dosage forms Albendazole-bile acid derivative (ABZ-BA) Bile acids are important components secreted by the liver. …

Потенциальное терапевтическое воздействие ибудиластной и ретиновой кислоты на поведенческие и биохимические изменения в мышечном мозге.

Ibudilast (IBD) — новый препарат, выпущенный в качестве лекарства от множественных склерозов (MS). Ретиноиновая кислота (RA), являющаяся метаболитом витамина А, известна своими прорегенеративными и антивоспалительными свойствами, поэтому она была предложена в качестве дополнительного метода лечения для MS. Цель этого исследования заключается в изучении терапевтического воздействия RA и IBD на модели мышей, вызываемые кухонной зоной (CPZ). Seventy-two Швейцарские мыши-альбино (SWR/J) были разделены на two контроль за основными группами (n = 18); нормальная чау и CPZ (n = 54); 0.25% CPZ, смешанн

Затраты на кладрибинные таблетки для лечения высокоактивных реплаксирующих множественных склерозов в Италии.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, воздействующее на центральную нервную систему. Лица с весьма активными реактивными выбросами MS (HA-RRMS) часто сталкиваются с симптомами, продолжительность которых превышает 24 h, за которым следует период полной или частичной ремиссии. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить экономические последствия применения таблеток кладрипина для лечения пациентов, имеющих HA-RRMS в итальянском контексте. МЕТОДЫ: модель Маркова, разработанная компанией PRECISIONheor для имитации результатов лечени