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Modulating CD8⁺ T cell immunity through exercise: mechanistic insights and implications for precision immunotherapy.

CD8⁺ T lymphocytes are pivotal effectors of adaptive immunity, executing cytotoxic mechanisms essential for pathogen clearance, tumor surveillance and tissue protection. Their activity is shaped by antigenic stimulation, cytokine networks and the metabolic and structural architecture of the tissue microenvironment. Physical exercise has emerged as a potent, non-pharmacological modulator of CD8⁺ T cell biology, capable of influencing recruitment, activation, differentiation and functional persistence. Acute exercise mobilizes effector and memory subsets, enhances trafficking to peripheral tissu

Pulmonary origin and risk assessment of cancer-associated thrombosis.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a serious complication frequently observed in patients with cancer; however, its exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Recent research in 2025 suggests that the lungs play a significant role in providing prothrombotic factors. Both primary and metastatic lung tumors have the potential to induce a state of hypercoagulability through various pathways, such as the secretion of procoagulant molecules, such as tissue factor (TF), triggering local inflammatory responses, platelet activation, and alterations in the function of vascular endothelial cells. F

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… TF-positive MPs can also bind to platelet p-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which are enriched in microvessels in situ, thus forming thrombosis [ 37 ]. 2. …

Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: An Up-to-Date Overview

During the last decades, the effort of establishing satisfactory biomarkers for multiple sclerosis has been proven to be very difficult, due to the clinical and pathophysiological complexities of the disease. Recent knowledge acquired in the domains of genomics-immunogenetics and neuroimmunology, as well as the evolution in neuroimaging, has provided a whole new list of biomarkers. This variety, though, leads inevitably to confusion in the effort of decision making concerning strategic and individualized therapeutics. In this paper, our primary goal is to provide the reader with a list of the

Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. The diagnosis is typically clinical (there are no laboratory abnormalities) and the physician must concentrate on pain and on its features. Additional symptoms (e.g., Raynaud's phenomenon, irritable bowel disease, and heat and cold intolerance) can be associated with this condition. A careful differen

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… Peripheral Tissues Peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and microvessels are coming under closer investigation. …

UEG Week 2017 Oral Presentations

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Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Pathophysiology, Genetics, Biomarkers, and Treatment Perspectives.

Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (FCCM) are a heritable neurovascular disorder defined by clusters of dilated, thin-walled capillaries in the brain and spinal cord. Although rare, FCCM offers a tractable model for understanding how genetic disruptions in endothelial junction biology, mechanotransduction, and kinase signaling drive vascular instability in the central nervous system. Pathogenic loss-of-function variants converge on signaling abnormalities that promote barrier dysfunction, iron deposition, inflammation, and progressive lesional growth. Clinically, FCCM may manifest with

Research advances in peptide‒drug conjugates.

Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, link

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… Compared with IFN- α 2a, it significantly reduced the density of microvessels and induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. …

Early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer: summative review.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is estimated to become the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States by 2020. Early detection is the key to improving survival in PC. Addressing this urgent need, the Kenner Family Research Fund conducted the inaugural Early Detection of Sporadic Pancreatic Cancer Summit Conference in 2014 in conjunction with the 45th Anniversary Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association and Japan Pancreas Society. This seminal convening of international representatives from science, practice, and clinical research was designed to facilitate challenging interdiscipli

Advances in Radionuclides and Radiolabelled Peptides for Cancer Therapeutics.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy, which can detect and treat tumours simultaneously, was introduced more than 80 years ago, and it has changed medical strategies with respect to cancer. Many radioactive radionuclides have been developed, and functional, molecularly modified radiolabelled peptides have been used to produce biomolecules and therapeutics that are vastly utilised in the field of radio medicine. Since the 1990s, they have smoothly transitioned into clinical application, and as of today, a wide variety of radiolabelled radionuclide derivatives have been examined and evaluated in various

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… Because integrin α v β 3 in tumour microvessels is associated with the breast cancer subtype and its staging, [ 99m Tc]3PRGD 2 could show different sensitivities for the detection of small lymph node metastatic lesions when compared with [ 18 F]FDG imaging. …

Hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming in vascular tumors.

Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression in vascular tumors. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is stabilized, inducing changes in the expression of various target genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell survival. This includes the upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors like VEGF, which promotes the formation of dysfunctional blood vessels, contributing to the worsening of the hypoxic microenvironment. At the same time, hypoxia induces a metabolic shift toward glycolysi

Методологии изучения мозговых органоидов для изучения механизмов заболевания в прогрессивном множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее аутоиммунное расстройство, направленное против центральной нервной системы (CNS), отмечен непрерывным обезвоживанием и воспалением. В клинической форме она представляет в трех различных формах: повторные выбросы MS (RRMS), первичные прогрессивные MS (PPMS) и вторичные прогрессивные MS (SPMS). Несмотря на то, что лечение с целью изменения болезней (ДМР) оказывает определенное содействие людям, страдающим СВЗ, варианты лечения прогрессивных СЗМ (ПМС) по-прежнему являются крайне неадекватными. Этот пробел свидетельствует о настоятельной необходимости примен

Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide and crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), maintaining tissue hydration and tension. Moreover, HA contributes to embryonic development, healing, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. This review summarizes new research on the metabolism and interactions of HA with its binding proteins, known as hyaladherins (CD44, RHAMM), revealing the molecular basis for its distinct biological function in the development of cancer. The presence of HA on the surface of tumor cells is a sign of an adverse prognosis. The involvement of HA in malignancy h

Hypertension and Prohypertensive Antineoplastic Therapies in Cancer Patients.

The development of a wide range of novel antineoplastic therapies has improved the prognosis for patients with a wide range of malignancies, which has increased the number of cancer survivors substantially. Despite the oncological benefit, cancer survivors are exposed to short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular toxicities associated with anticancer therapies. Systemic hypertension, the most common comorbidity among cancer patients, is a major contributor to the increased risk for developing these adverse cardiovascular events. Cancer and hypertension have common risk factors, have overlappi

JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies.

JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and a

The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Bone marrow (BM) is a highly complex tissue that provides important regulatory signals to orchestrate hematopoiesis. Resident and transient cells occupy and interact with some well characterized niches to produce molecular and cellular mechanisms that interfere with differentiation, migration, survival, and proliferation in this microenvironment. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common and severe hematological neoplasm in adults, arises and develop in the BM. The osteoblastic, vascular, and reticular niches provide surface co-receptors, soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines that

Optimal Delivery of Follow-Up Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant: Improving Patient Outcomes with a Multidisciplinary Approach.

The increasing indications for allogeneic stem-cell transplant in patients with hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases combined with improved clinical outcomes have contributed to increase the number of long-term survivors. However, survivors are at increased risk of developing a unique set of complications and late effects, besides graft-versus-host disease and disease relapse. In this setting, the management capacity of a single health-care provider can easily be overwhelmed. Thus, to provide appropriate survivorship care, a multidisciplinary approach for the long-term follow-up

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… Endothelial injury mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and loss of microvessels in chronic graft versus host disease. Lancet . 2002;359(9323):2078–2083. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08907-9 41. Felicetti F, Fortunati N, Brignardello E. …

Combination therapy in combating cancer.

Combination therapy, a treatment modality that combines two or more therapeutic agents, is a cornerstone of cancer therapy. The amalgamation of anti-cancer drugs enhances efficacy compared to the mono-therapy approach because it targets key pathways in a characteristically synergistic or an additive manner. This approach potentially reduces drug resistance, while simultaneously providing therapeutic anti-cancer benefits, such as reducing tumour growth and metastatic potential, arresting mitotically active cells, reducing cancer stem cell populations, and inducing apoptosis. The 5-year survival

Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-diclofenac as an anti-cancer agent.

Diclofenac (DCF) is a well-known and widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with a range of actions which are of interest in an oncological context. While there has long been an interest in the use of NSAIDs in chemoprevention, there is now emerging evidence that such drugs may have activity in a treatment setting. DCF, which is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, displays a range of effects on the immune system, the angiogenic cascade, chemo- and radio-sensitivity and tumour metabolism. Both pre-clinical and clinical evidence of these effects, in mul

Mechanism and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in sepsis.

Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction, due to the presence of harmful microorganisms in blood which could cause mortality. Complications associated with sepsis involve multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains intricate, with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has consistently demonstrated to have a potential on various disease management. Its complements include reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating immune responses, and improving microcirculation. Tra

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… Utilizing the BI2000 microcirculation image processing system, researchers observed that blood flow velocity of microvessels and microarteries in the soft meninges at different phases of each group’s mice through an open cranial window. …

Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.

Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibi

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… Tumor Cell Homing to Bone Breast cancer cells escape from CD8+ T cell and NK cell-mediated immune responses and then intravasate into the circulatory system through the peripheral stroma, and tumor cells arrested in microvessels at metastatic sites escape from these vessels. …