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A multi-head YOLOv12 with self-supervised pretraining for urinary sediment particle detection.

Automatic and reliable urine sediment analysis is essential for timely diagnosis and management of renal and urinary disorders. However, manual methods are time-consuming, subjective, and limited by operator abilities. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning method based on a multi-head YOLOv12 architecture combined with self-supervised pretraining and advanced inference through Slicing Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) to effectively address these challenges. Unlike prior methods that employed a single detection head, our architecture features six specialized and independent detection head…

A wearable electrochemical aptasensor based MOF on MOF heterostructure for multi-neurotransmitters monitoring.

A wearable electrochemical biosensor for real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters in sweat during physical exercise is presented. The biosensor utilizes a CuMOF@InMOF architecture, enhanced with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), to improve electron transfer, surface area, and overall stability. Thiolate nucleic acid aptamers, highly specific to dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine, are immobilized on the biosensor surface, enabling precise and simultaneous detection of these key neurotransmitters. The flexible, multi-electrode platform is integrated into a microfluidic patch that adheres to the ski…

3D-Bioprinted Biomimetic Epithelial-Stromal Hydrogel Construct with In Situ Photocrosslinkable Bioadhesive for Suture-Free Corneal Regeneration.

3D bioprinted corneal equivalents can faithfully replicate native tissue architecture, but their clinical translation has been hindered by the reliance on traumatic suturing techniques. To address this challenge, we developed an integrated bioadhesive strategy for suture-free transplantation of biomimetic corneal constructs. Using digital light processing (DLP), we fabricated an epithelial-stromal bilayer scaffold with spatially organized corneal epithelial cells (CECs) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) in their respective layers through photopolymerization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)…

Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pleural Invasion in Lung Cancer with Elastin-Targeting Molecular Imaging.

Elastin plays crucial structural roles in maintaining lung architecture and function while actively participating in disease pathogenesis, particularly in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and lung cancer. Pathological alteration in the elastin architecture is a key histopathological hallmark of disease progression and presents a promising target for diagnosis. In this study, we developed a class of elastin-targeting molecular imaging probes with a modular design that enables flexible incorporation of wavelength-tunable fluorophores via streamlined one-step conjugation chemistry. Using bleomycin-induced…

MRpoxNet: An enhanced deep learning approach for early detection of monkeypox using modified ResNet50.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an enhanced deep learning model, MRpoxNet, based on a modified ResNet50 architecture for the early detection of monkeypox from digital skin lesion images, ensuring high diagnostic accuracy and clinical reliability. METHODS: The study utilized the Kaggle MSID dataset, initially comprising 1156 images, augmented to 6116 images across three classes: monkeypox, non-monkeypox, and normal skin. MRpoxNet was developed by extending ResNet50 from 177 to 182 layers, incorporating additional convolutional, ReLU, dropout, and batch normalization layers. Performance was evaluated usi…

Система на основе нервной нервной сети для полной автоматической сегментации FLAIR MRI в многократной склерозовой диагностике.

Это исследование представляет собой автоматизированную систему с использованием нервно-коммунальных сетей (СНН) для сегментирования изображений FLAIR Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) для содействия диагностике множественных склерозов (MS). Набор данных включал 103 пациента из больницы имам Хомейни в Тегеране и еще 10 пациентов из внешнего центра. Ключевые этапы предварительной обработки включали стрижку черепа, нормализацию, реанимацию, обработку сегментационных масок, исключение на основе энтропии и расширение данных. Архитектура nnU-Net, приспособленная для 2D-секции, была использована и обу

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This study presents an automated system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for segmenting FLAIR Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ima … resizing, segmentation mask processing, entropy-based exclusion, and data augmentation. The nnU-Net architecture tailored for 2D slices was employed and trained using a fivefold cross-validation approach. In the slice-level classification approach, the model achieved 83% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 75% positive predictive value (PPV), and 99% negative predicti …

EMG gesture signal analysis towards diagnosis of upper limb using dual-pathway convolutional neural network.

This research introduces a novel dual-pathway convolutional neural network (DP-CNN) architecture tailored for robust performance in Log-Mel spectrogram image analysis derived from raw multichannel electromyography signals. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of the proposed DP-CNN architecture across three datasets (NinaPro DB1, DB2, and DB3), encompassing both able-bodied and amputee subjects. Performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, are employed for comprehensive evaluation. The DP-CNN demonstrates notable mean accuracies of 94.93 ± 1.71% and…

Emulation of neuron and synaptic functions in spin-orbit torque domain wall devices.

Neuromorphic computing (NC) architecture has shown its suitability for energy-efficient computation. Amongst several systems, spin-orbit torque (SOT) based domain wall (DW) devices are one of the most energy-efficient contenders for NC. To realize spin-based NC architecture, the computing elements such as synthetic neurons and synapses need to be developed. However, there are very few experimental investigations on DW neurons and synapses. The present study demonstrates the energy-efficient operations of neurons and synapses by using novel reading and writing strategies. We have used a W/CoFeB…

Spin-EPR-pair separation by conveyor-mode single electron shuttling in Si/SiGe.

Long-ranged coherent qubit coupling is a missing function block for scaling up spin qubit based quantum computing solutions. Spin-coherent conveyor-mode electron-shuttling could enable spin quantum-chips with scalable and sparse qubit-architecture. Its key feature is the operation by only few easily tuneable input terminals and compatibility with industrial gate-fabrication. Single electron shuttling in conveyor-mode in a 420 nm long quantum bus has been demonstrated previously. Here we investigate the spin coherence during conveyor-mode shuttling by separation and rejoining an Einstein-Podols…

A YOLO-V5 approach for the evaluation of normal fillings and overhanging fillings: an artificial intelligence study.

Dental fillings, frequently used in dentistry to address various dental tissue issues, may pose problems when not aligned with the anatomical contours and physiology of dental and periodontal tissues. Our study aims to detect the prevalence and distribution of normal and overhanging filling restorations using a deep CNN architecture trained through supervised learning, on panoramic radiography images. A total of 10480 fillings and 2491 overhanging fillings were labeled using CranioCatch software from 2473 and 1850 images, respectively. After the data obtaining phase, validation (80%), training…

Selective synthesis of an elusive C-functional bis-cyclam and study of its inhibition of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor.

This article presents the controlled synthesis of a rare example of C,C'-linked bis-cyclam architecture in mild conditions through the "bis-aminal" route previously used for the advantageous synthesis of cyclam, N- and C-functional cyclams and N,N'-bis-cyclams. Two synthetic pathways were explored with the smart design of α,β-unsaturated ketones or alkyl halides bis-cyclizing agents. The first led to the isolation of a key intermediate for the future design of N-functionalized bis-cyclams, whereas the second allowed the preparation of the targeted C,C'-xylylene-bis-cyclam under mild conditions…

In Situ Self-Inflating-Modeled Giant-Vesicle-Like Quantum Dot Assembly for Biomimetic Artificial Photosynthesis.

The study of biomimetic self-assembly is crucial for scientists aiming to understand the origin of life and construct biomimetic functional structures. In our endeavor to create a biomimetic photosynthetic assembly, we discover a self-inflation behavior that drives the components, MPA-CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and a solid cationic polyelectrolyte, CPPA, to form a giant-vesicle-like (GVL) architecture, termed GVL-QDs@CPPA. The in situ generation of osmotic pressure during the self-assembly of QDs onto swollen CPPA in water was found to cause this self-inflation process. The resulting vesicle-like…

Nanobodies combined with DNA-PAINT super-resolution reveal a staggered titin nanoarchitecture in flight muscles.

Sarcomeres are the force-producing units of all striated muscles. Their nanoarchitecture critically depends on the large titin protein, which in vertebrates spans from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band and hence links actin and myosin filaments stably together. This ensures sarcomeric integrity and determines the length of vertebrate sarcomeres. However, the instructive role of titins for sarcomeric architecture outside of vertebrates is not as well understood. Here, we used a series of nanobodies, the Drosophila titin nanobody toolbox, recognising specific domains of the two Drosophila titi…

Crystal structure of a highly conserved enteroviral 5' cloverleaf RNA replication element.

The extreme 5'-end of the enterovirus RNA genome contains a conserved cloverleaf-like domain that recruits 3CD and PCBP proteins required fo … the chaperone. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that our crystal structure represents a conserved architecture of enteroviral cloverleaf-like domains, including the A40 and Py-Py interactions. The protein binding studies further suggest that the H-shape architecture provides a ready-made platform to recruit 3CD and PCBP2 for viral replication.

An Atypical Deep Penetrating Nevus With Mutations in Beta Catenin , BRAFV600E , and IDH1R132C in an 8-Year-Old Boy.

Deep penetrating nevus (DPN) is a pigmented melanocytic tumor which typically displays a wedge-shaped deep penetrating architecture. Some cases show a coexisting component resembling conventional melanocytic nevus. These morphological attributes are correlated with the acquisition of genomic alterations in the Wnt pathway on a background of underlying activating MAPK pathway mutations. Lesions with features of DPN, but displaying expansile architecture, sheet-like arrangement of cells, cytological atypia, and/or more than rare mitotic activity have been described as "atypical deep penetrating …

Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling.

Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function …

Cell Rupture and Morphogenesis Control of the Dimorphic Yeast Candida albicans by Nanostructured Surfaces.

Nanostructured surfaces control microbial biofilm formation by killing mechanically via surface architecture. However, the interactions between nanostructured surfaces (NSS) and cellular fungi have not been thoroughly investigated and the application of NSS as a means of controlling fungal biofilms is uncertain. Cellular yeast such as Candida albicans are structurally and biologically distinct from prokaryotic microbes and therefore are predicted to react differently to nanostructured surfaces. The dimorphic opportunistic fungal pathogen, C. albicans, is responsible for most cases of invasive …

Power efficient refined seizure prediction algorithm based on an enhanced benchmarking.

Deep learning techniques have led to significant advancements in seizure prediction research. However, corresponding used benchmarks are not … oid possible overfitting and provide prerequisites for ease benchmarking. Moreover, a deep learning architecture takes advantage of a one-dimension convolutional neural network and a bi-directional long short-term memory network is proposed for seizure prediction. The architecture achieves 77.6% accuracy, 82.7% sensitivity, and 72.4% specificity, and it outper …

Automated delineation of corneal layers on OCT images using a boundary-guided CNN.

Accurate segmentation of corneal layers depicted on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is very helpful for quantitatively assessing and diagnosing corneal diseases (e.g., keratoconus and dry eye). In this study, we presented a novel boundary-guided convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture (BG-CNN) to simultaneously extract different corneal layers and delineate their boundaries. The developed BG-CNN architecture used three convolutional blocks to construct two network modules on the basis of the classical U-Net network. We trained and validated the network on a dataset consisting…

MICOS and the mitochondrial inner membrane morphology - when things get out of shape.

Mitochondria play a key role in cellular signalling, metabolism and energetics. Proper architecture and remodelling of the inner mitochondrial membrane are essential for efficient respiration, apoptosis and quality control in the cell. Several protein complexes including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), F1 FO -ATP synthase, and Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), facilitate formation, maintenance and stability of cristae membranes. MICOS, the F1 FO -ATP synthase, OPA1 and inner membrane phospholipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine interact with each other…