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Inclusion of optic nerve involvement in dissemination in space criteria for multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of including optic nerve involvement in dissemination in space (DIS) criteria for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). METHODS: We studied 160 patients with CIS: 129 with optic neuritis (ON) and 31 with non-ON CIS. MRI brain/spinal cord was done at the time of presentation and a follow-up MRI brain after 3-12 months. We evaluated optic nerve involvement clinically or with visual evoked potentials (VEPs, n = 42). We investigated the performance of the McDonald 2017 DIS criteria and modified DIS criteria i…

Sudden hearing loss as an early detector of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (S-SNHL) may be an early symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using the following keywords: "Multiple sclerosis, hearing loss, sudden hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, magnetic resonance imaging, otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem responses, white matter lesions, sensorineural hearing loss, symptoms of MS and otolaryngology, nerve disease and MS". Only the articles that included results of at least one auditory test and MRI were considered. We evaluated the prevalence …

Целесообразность Two- Дифференциальный гель электрофорез в диагностике множественного склероза

Two- размерная разница в геле электрофорезе (2D-DIGE) используется для идентификации возможных биомаркеров в цереброспиновой жидкости (CSF) пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS). Однако в различных исследованиях были получены противоречивые результаты. Мы хотели проанализировать диагностическую ценность 2D-DIGE на ранних пациентах MS путем сопоставления белковых структур между одиночными и объединенными образцами пациентов MS и контроля. Образцы CSF 20 Психиатрические заболевания и 10 :: Обработка вопросов контроля 2D-DIGE. Полученные таким образом белковые рисунки были проанализированы с D

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) has been used for identification of possible biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, in different studies inconsistent results have been obtained. We wanted to analyze the diagnostic value of 2D-DIGE in early MS patients by comparing protein patterns be…

Spasmodic Dysphonia in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment With Botulin Toxin A: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effect of botulin toxin A in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) affected by spasmodic dysphonia (SD) and to show the safety and effectiveness of this treatment in long-term observation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a pilot study on three relapsing-remitting MS patients with SD and their response to botulin toxin A. RESULTS: None of the patients reported dysphagia or other adverse events. Significant improvement was observed in terms of both voice quality and laryngostroboscopy results. The treatment effect was durable for 6-8 months. CONCLUSI…

Biopsy-proven multiple sclerosis in an adult patient with atypical craniometaphyseal dysplasia.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare condition characterised by progressive, diffuse hyperostosis of cranial and long bones, with compression of cranial nerves, linked to mutations in ANKH or GJA1 genes. Here we describe an adult case with clinical features of CMD, who developed cerebral expansive lesion of undetermined nature. Brain biopsy revealed active demyelinating lesions, consistent with multiple sclerosis. The genetic screening of target genes for CMD (ANKH and GJA1) resulted negative in this patient. The peculiar clinical association and the negativity of genetic analyses allow…

Visual Evoked Potentials as a Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis and Associated Optic Neuritis.

: ABSTRACT:: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by progressive neurological decline over time. The need for better "biomarkers" to more precisely capture and track the effects of demyelination, remyelination, and associated neuroaxonal injury is a well-recognized challenge in the field of MS. To this end, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have a role in assessing the extent of demyelination along the optic nerve, as a functionally eloquent CNS region. Moreover, VEPs testing can be used to predict the extent of recove…

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patient treated for multiple sclerosis with 4-aminopyridine.

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a recent treatment indicated to improve walking in patient with multiple sclerosis. We report the first case of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that we attribute to the use of 4-AP. A 64-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis presented with dyspnea. After excluding other secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension, a diagnosis of severe PAH due to 4-AP was made based on right heart catheterization. History revealed that the dyspnea began with the initiation of 4-AP. After discontinuation of 4-AP therapy and initiation of ambrisentan and tadalafil, dyspnea and pul…

Cuprizone Administration Alters the Iron Metabolism in the Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Cuprizone (CZ) is a widely used copper chelating agent to develop non-autoimmune animal model of multiple sclerosis, characterized by demyelination of the corpus callosum (CC) and other brain regions. The exact mechanisms of CZ action are still arguable, but it seems that the only affected cells are the mature oligodendrocytes, possibly via metabolic disturbances caused by copper deficiency. During the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, high amount of deposited iron can be found throughout the demyelinated areas of the brain in the form of extracellular iron deposits and intracellularly accum…

The Rationale for Monitoring Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Practical Issues for Clinicians.

About half of patients with multiple sclerosis exhibit cognitive impairment which negatively affects their quality of life. The assessment of cognitive function in routine clinical practice is still undervalued, although various tools have been proposed for this reason. In this article, we describe the potential benefits of implementing cognitive assessment tools in routine follow -ups of MS patients. Early detection of changes in cognitive performance may provide evidence of disease activity, could unmask depression or medication side-effects and provide suitable candidates for cognitive reha…

Инфекционные осложнения многочисленных склерозов: последствия для скрининга, профилактики и управления.

Множественная склерозовая терапия включает интерфероны, глатирамер и многочисленные иммунопрепрессивные препараты. Для выявления инфекционных рисков, связанных с иммунодепрессивными препаратами, требуется понимание их механизмов действий и анализ проводимых исследований и данных наблюдений, полученных после их реализации. Хотя идентичные иммунно-прессивные методы иногда используются в неевропологических условиях, инфекционные риски могут быть различными для этой группы населения. Первостепенное внимание следует уделять выявлению и лечению скрытых инфекций туберкулеза (ТБ) для пациентов, получа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis therapies include interferons, glatiramer, and multiple immunosuppressive drugs. Discerning infectious risks of immunosuppressive drugs requires understanding their mechanisms of action and analyzing interventional studies and postmarketing observational data. Though identical immunosuppressive therapies are sometimes used in non-neurologi…

Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis during fingolimod therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient receiving fingolimod. METHODS: This is a case study. RESULTS: Our patient developed acute rhombencephalitis with hydrocephalus induced with Listeria monocytogenes while on fingolimod. Shunt surgery was performed for the hydrocephalus and patient recovered partially after medical and surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: We describe the first probable case of fingolimod-associated Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Clinicians should be aware of listeriosis and implement …

The therapeutic use of non-invasive brain stimulation in multiple sclerosis - a review.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of disability in young adults. Many disabling symptoms in MS, such as spasticity, pain, depression and cognitive deficits are not fully controlled by drug treatment. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used as tools for modulating altered cortical excitability and plasticity MS patients, providing an improvement in disabling symptoms affecting such patients. OBJECTIVE: This review reported and summarized some of the most interesting and promising r…

Multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction: A need for further education and interdisciplinary care.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition affecting young women and men, resulting in varied disabilities, including sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to describe the prevalence, pathophysiology, and impact of sexual dysfunction in people with MS (PwMS); provide a review of current assessment and treatment strategies; and offer considerations for future care. METHODS: Literature review was performed to identify primary and secondary sources discussing sexual dysfunction in PwMS. RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction is common in PwMS and can occur througho…

Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels and multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Several factors contribute to MS pathogenesis including genetic-environmental interactions. Case-control studies suggest that there might be associations between MS and homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, and folate blood levels. AIM: To meta-analyze all available data describing associations between MS and serum or plasma Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate levels. METHODS: The PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible case-control studies published until Jun…

A Case of Seronegative Limbic Encephalitis with Multiple Sclerosis: A Possible Overlapping Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Autoimmune encephalitis might coexist in patients with autoimmune demyelinating disorders. CASE REPORT We report on a case of a 45-year-old female multiple sclerosis (MS) patient presenting with acute onset short-term memory loss, altered mental status, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and an MRI lesion on the left temporal lobe. An extensive panel for neuronal autoantibodies proved negative. Neuropsychological symptoms gave a prompt response to immunotherapy but nevertheless control MRI showed left hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Several recent reports of concurrent…

Brain structural changes in patients in the early stages of multiple sclerosis with depression.

UNLABELLED: Some studies suggest an inflammatory mechanism associated with the presence of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, there is little data concerning these findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of brain structural changes in patients with MS and depression and to compare them with patients suffering from MS without depression and healthy controls. METHODS: A case-control study that included patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) defined by validated criteria, over 18 years of age, with less than three years from disease onset, EDSS ≤ 3, …

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Cognition: A Review of Clinical, Neuropsychologic, and Neuroradiologic Features.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Although cognitive impairment has been well established in adult patients with MS, its occurrence in patients with pediatric-onset MS has recently been reported. In this review, I discuss the main features of cognitive impairment in pediatric MS as determined by long-term follow-up studies, neuropsychiatric test batteries, and the results of neuroradiological imaging studies that investigated the pathogenesis of pediatric MS. The most commonly affected cognitive domains in adults are attention, processing s…

An Unusual Case of Simultaneous Bilateral Trigeminal Neuralgia Due to Multiple Sclerosis.

Although several reports have indicated that trigeminal neuralgia related to multiple sclerosis may occur bilaterally in the orofacial region, trigeminal neuralgia pain usually involves the two sides in different time lapses, and the simultaneous involvement of trigeminal territories on both sides is commonly considered incompatible with its diagnosis. This case report describes a patient with bilateral trigeminal neuralgia related to multiple sclerosis that started simultaneously on both sides of the orofacial region. A 55-year-old man presented with a 16-year history of relapsing/remitting m…