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[Lipid mobilization, physiopathological and pharmacological aspects].

The lipolysis in adipose tissue is controlled by the hormone-sensitive lipase activity which is dependent on the intracellular cAMP level. I … timulate the fat cell beta-adrenoceptors (beta-sympathomimetic drugs) or to indirectly activate the sympathetic nervous system (ephedrine and its derivatives, methylxanthines, alpha 2-antagonists). However, the side effects elicited by these drugs frequently limit their clinical use.

Physostigmine fails to reverse clinical, psychomotor, or EEG effects of lorazepam.

Physostigmine salicylate (2.0 mg) or 0.9% NaCl (2.0 ml) was administered intravenously in a double-blind fashion to adult volunteers in an attempt to reverse the effects of a 0.05-mg/kg dose of lorazepam given intravenously 30 min earlier. No other medication affecting the central nervous system was given. No differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the frequency of amnesia, psychomotor impairment, or EEG changes during a period of 4 h. The only significant difference in the level of sedation between the two groups was observed 60 min into the study. This difference is a

Thyroid storm. A review of cases at University of California, San Francisco.

Retrospective study of the diagnosis and management of the 8 cases of thyroid storm in a series of 400 hyperthyroid patients led to conclusi … and supportive therapy, as well as correction of precipitating cause of storm. The blocking of the sympathetic nervous system with reserpine or guanethidine or with alpha and beta blocking drugs may be exceedingly hazardous and requires skillful management and constant monitoring in a critically ill patient.

Inferential characterization of the dose-response relationships of neurohormonal antagonists in chronic heart failure: A novel approach based on large-scale trials with active comparators.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of heart failure strongly recommend the use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in all patients with a reduced ejection fraction who can tolerate these drugs. Yet, there is no consensus about the efficacy of low doses of these drugs or the likely shape of the dose-response relationship for these agents. METHODS: Inferences were made by examining the effects of drugs in placebo-controlled trials before the protocol-specified opportunity for uptitration and by reassessing the results of large-scale trials …

Thyroid-adrenergic interactions: physiological and clinical implications.

The sympathoadrenal system, including the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, interacts with thyroid hormone (TH) at various levels. Both systems are evolutionary old and regulate independent functions, playing probably independent roles in poikilothermic species. With the advent of homeothermy, TH acquired a new role, which is to stimulate thermogenic mechanisms and synergize with the sympathoadrenal system to produce heat and maintain body temperature. An important part of this new function is mediated through coordinated and, most of the time, synergistic interactions with t…

Rate-responsive pacing based on the atrio-ventricular conduction time.

Chronotropic incompetent patients are unable to adapt their heart rate adequately to the level of exertion. One treatment for this disease is a rate-responsive pacemaker that stimulates the heart at a rate proportional to an exertion-related variable derived from an implemented sensor (e.g., ventilation). The atrio-ventricular conduction time (AVCT), which can act as such a sensor, corresponds to a well-defined interval in the intracardial electrogram. The AVCT is coupled to the sympathetic/parasympathetic activity of the autonomous nervous system (dromotropic effect), leading to a shortening

β-Adrenergic receptors as immunomodulators in T cells: mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk and pathophysiological implications.

Regulation of T cell function by the sympathetic nervous system via β-adrenergic receptors is a pivotal research focus in neuroimmunology, with most studies centered on β2-adrenergic receptors. However, the roles of other subtypes remain unclear. This review systematically summarizes differential expression and signaling of β2- and β1-adrenergic receptors across T cell subsets. While β2-adrenergic receptor bidirectionally modulates immune responsiveness through classical or non-classical pathways, β1-adrenergic receptor is predominantly expressed in regulatory and exhausted T cells, exerting i…

Cardioneuroablation: A Comprehensive Review.

Cardioneuroablation (CNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for functional bradyarrhythmias, particularly in cases of cardioinhibitory neurocardiogenic syncope and certain forms of atrial fibrillation. Indeed, by targeting vagal innervation through endocardial radiofrequency catheter ablation, CNA can obviate the need for pacemaker (PM) implantation. This technique involves denervation of specific vagal nerve structures within the atria to modulate autonomic balance and prevent symptomatic bradycardia. The efficacy of this approach stems from the recognition that an imbalance bet

Successful Management of Chest Pain Through Cardiac Autonomic Rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: Some patients experience persistent chest pain after complete coronary revascularization without evidence of ischemia. Dysautonomia may be the underlying cause. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old man with recurrent chest pain after multivessel revascularization showed poor response to standard cardiac rehabilitation. Evaluation revealed significant autonomic dysfunction (sympathetic overactivation), not ischemia. After implementing an integrated autonomic-regulation protocol (low-intensity aerobic exercise combined with abdominal breathing, standing meditation, and mindful walking), his

Adrenergic signaling coordinates distant and local responses to amputation in axolotl.

Many species regenerate lost body parts following amputation. Most limb regeneration research has focused on the immediate injury site. Meanwhile, body-wide injury responses remain largely unexplored but may be critical for regeneration. Here, we discovered a role for the sympathetic nervous system in stimulating a body-wide stem cell activation response to amputation that drives enhanced limb regeneration in axolotls. This response is mediated by adrenergic signaling, which coordinates distant cellular activation responses via the α2A-adrenergic receptor, and local regeneration responses via …

Decoding the metastatic nexus: how chronic stress reprograms neuroendocrine-metabolic-microbiome circuits to fuel tumor metastasis.

Metastasis, the leading cause of death in patients with solid tumors, involves the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. While genetic a … ation of the gut microbiota. Describe how activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and angiogenesis via β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Explore how microbial metabolites and barrier dysfunction influence immune and neuroendocrine circuits, creating a …

Adrenergic signaling coordinates distant and local responses to amputation in axolotl.

Many species regenerate lost body parts following amputation. Most limb regeneration research has focused on the immediate injury site. Meanwhile, body-wide injury responses remain largely unexplored but may be critical for regeneration. Here, we discovered a role for the sympathetic nervous system in stimulating a body-wide stem cell activation response to amputation that drives enhanced limb regeneration in axolotls. This response is mediated by adrenergic signaling, which coordinates distant cellular activation responses via the α2Α-adrenergic receptor, and local regeneration responses via …

Virtual Reality as a Tool for Wellbeing in Public Healthcare: Analysis of a Clinical Case.

BACKGROUND: Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that enables the creation of immersive, interactive, and collaborative environments, with e … lity, with a 35% increase in perceived quality of life. Physiological improvements included reduced sympathetic nervous system arousal and greater heart rate variability stability. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore VR's potential to promote psychophysical wellbeing and improve healthcare service quality, advocating innovative preventive and therapeutic methods.

An Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism-Based Reactive Probe for Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Epinephrine in Live Cells.

Epinephrine (EPI), also known as adrenaline, is involved in various physiological processes of the sympathetic nervous system and may be linked to the progression of different serious diseases, including cancers, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases etc. There is an urgency in developing a fluorescence probe for the detection of EPI. An excited-state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism (ESIPT)-based reactive probe HBT-EPI has been successfully developed for ratiometric fluorescent detection of EPI in physiological conditions. EPI undergoes a cascade of nucleophilic attack at the carbonot…

Vagal pathway activation links chronic stress to decline in intestinal stem cell function.

Chronic stress adversely affects intestinal health, but the specific neural pathways linking the brain to intestinal tissue are not fully understood. Here, we show that chronic stress-induced activation of the central amygdala-dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (CeA-DMV) pathway accelerates premature aging and impairs the stemness of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). This pathway influences ISC function independently of the microbiota, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the immune response, and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Under chronic stress, DMV-mediated vagal activation pro…

PTEN regulates vagal-insulin signaling to optimize autonomic output determining peripheral inflammatory and metabolic homeostasis.

The vagus nerve (VN) is a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system that regulates glucose and energy homeostasis. However, the specific molecular signaling pathways within the VN that regulates this homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we show that vagal neuron-specific deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), the endogenous negative regulator of PI3K, led to increased vagal output. Intriguingly, dopaminergic signaling genes were upregulated, correlating with elevated sympathetic nerve density and increased norepinephrine levels in adipose tissue of vagal Pten-deficient mic…

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and the Heart: Exploring the Potential Impacts of LSD on Cardiovascular Function.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an ergot-derived psychedelic agent that produces perceptual and psychic effects of heightened sensations by acting on the dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic pathways in the brain and periphery, with 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) as the primary target molecule. Its action on these receptors in the central nervous system is comparatively well studied with respect to the psychedelic effects; however, there is speculative evidence of cardioprotective effects in the current literature attributed to the usage of this substance, even though acute ingestio

Норадренергический контроль костного мозга и тимуса со стороны нейронов AGRP нарушен экспериментальным множественным склерозом.

Созревание гематополиетических стеблей и клеток потомства (HSPC) в костном мозге (BM) и тимусах (T лимфоцитов) происходит в стромальных областях, внутренних норадренергическими волокнами сочувствующей нервной системы (SNS). Однако нейронные пути, регулирующие норадренергическую активность лимфоидных органов, остаются в основном неизученными. В экспериментальной аутоиммунной энцефаломиелите (EAE) — модели мыши множественного склероза (MS) — мы продемонстрировали, что норадренергические сигналы стимулируют миэлоидные гематопоизисы в BM и регулируют внутритимическую частоту регулирования T лимфоц

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Maturation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and of T lymphocytes in the thymus occurs within stromal regions innervated by noradrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the neuronal pathways governing noradrenergic activity in lymphoid organs remain largely unexplored. In experimental autoimm…

Primary autonomic failure: a complex case of orthostatic hypotension in a hypertensive elderly patient.

BACKGROUND: Primary autonomic failure (PAF) or Bradbury Eggleston syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder of the autonomic nervous system characterized by orthostatic hypotension. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 76-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, who presented with exercise-induced fatigue. He exhibited systolic hypertension and resting bradycardia in the supine position, with orthostatic hypotension without reactive tachycardia, suggesting dysautonomia. Neurological examination was unremarkable. The patient underwent cardiovascular autonomic testing, revealing evidenc

β-blockers are not all the same: pharmacologic similarities and differences, potential combinations and clinical implications.

β-blockers are a heterogeneous class, with individual agents distinguished by selectivity for β1- vs. β2- and α-adrenoceptors, presence or absence of partial agonist activity at one of more β-receptor subtype, presence or absence of additional vasodilatory properties, and lipophilicity, which determines the ease of entry the drug into the central nervous system. Cardioselectivity (β1-adrenoceptor selectivity) helps to reduce the potential for adverse effects mediated by blockade of β2-adrenoceptors outside the myocardium, such as cold extremities, erectile dysfunction, or exacerbation of asthm