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Aedes vittatus in Haiti: continued expansion across the Caribbean and implications for the Americas.

BACKGROUND: Aedes vittatus, an emerging invasive species and arboviral vector with high ecological plasticity and dispersal capacity, is exp … in Haiti. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Given its potential role as a vector of chikungunya, dengue, Zika and yellow fever, continued entomological surveillance and early detection in the Caribbean and the Americas are needed.

A rare case of colonic ulcer.

A 72-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department due to diarrhea that began 10 days ago without a known trigger. The patient presented with frequent (four to five times a day), loose yellow stool, containing significant mucus. She reported no obvious symptoms such as abdominal distension, pain, chills or fever, and her medical history included diabetes and hypertension. Physical examination of the abdominal was unremarkable. To determine the cause of diarrhea, we ordered a colonoscopy for her. To determine the diagnosis, we performed colonoscopy which detected local mucosal edema and

Воздушная съемка на базе беспилотных летательных аппаратов и оптимизация путей борьбы с заболеваниями, передаваемыми через комары.

Причиной передачи таких заболеваний, как Денге, Чикунгунья, Желтая лихорадка и Зика, является комар эгипти. Денге является вирусным заболеванием, и в настоящее время нет конкретного лечения этого заболевания. Наилучший способ предотвратить это заболевание — это избежать размножения комаров. Прекратить размножение комаров можно путем выявления и обработки таких возможных скоплений, как сточные воды в шинах, резервуары для воды и пудлы. PBH можно идентифицировать с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БЛА), известных как Дроны, которые охватывают обширные районы и являются эффективн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the cause of the transmission of diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, and Zika. Dengue is a viral illness and currently, there is no specific treatment for the disease. The best possible way to prevent this disease is to avoid the reproduction of mosquitoes. Reproduction of mosquitoes is avoided by identifying and…

Role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of mosquito-borne flaviviruses that impact public health.

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses represent a public health challenge due to the high-rate endemic infections, severe clinical outcomes, and the p … erning the functionality of extracellular vesicles in different models of dengue virus, Zika virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus infections and diseases. The available evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles mediate diverse functions between hosts, constituting novel effectors for understanding the pathogenic mecha …

Toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by viral hepatitis A: a case report and literature review.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but serious immune-mediated life-threatening skin and mucous membrane reaction that is mainly caused by drugs, infections, vaccines, and malignant tumors. A 74-year-old woman presented with a moderate fever of unknown cause, which was relieved after 2 days, but with weakness and decreased appetite. Red maculopapules appeared successively on the neck, trunk, and limbs, expanding gradually, forming herpes and fusion, containing a yellow turbidous liquid and rupturing to reveal a bright red erosive surface spreading around the eyes and mouth. The affecte

Molecular correlates of swarming behaviour in Aedes aegypti males.

Mosquitoes are the deadliest vectors of diseases. They impose a huge health burden on human populations spreading parasites as disparate as protozoans (malaria), viruses (yellow fever and more) and nematodes (filariasis) that cause life-threatening conditions. In recent years, mating has been proposed as a putative target for population control. Mosquitoes mate mid-air, in swarms initiated by males and triggered by a combination of internal and external stimuli. As the number of females in a swarm is limited, there is intense competition among males, and they 'retune' their physiology for this…

Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses.

Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical regions. For example, attenuated malaria vaccines in high-income countries confer almost 100% protection, whereas in low-income regions these same vaccines achieve only 20-50% protection. This trend is also observed for other vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines, in terms of either immunogenicity or efficacy. Multiple environmental factors affect vaccine responses, including pat…

What sounds like Aedes, acts like Aedes, but is not Aedes? Lessons from dengue virus control for the management of invasive Anopheles.

Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Aedes mosquitoes are the pathfinders of invasive urban-living mosquitoes, and have spread into 129 countries over the past five decades. In the past 10 years Anopheles stephensi has been identified within densely populated cities in Yemen and across the Horn of Africa and as far west as Nigeria. A stephensi's aggressive spread is closely linked to increases in population movement due to migration, conflict, and climate change; rapid unplanned urbanisation; and resulting poor water quality,…

A Patient with Concurrent Legionella and COVID-19 Infection in a UK District General Hospital.

A 65 year-old gentleman had been brought to our Respiratory Emergency Department for patients with respiratory symptoms and a possible COVID-19 infection with a 3-day history of shortness of breath (SOB), fever, a productive cough of yellow sputum, and right-sided chest pain. The patient had received both vaccinations at the time and initially reported no travel history, although later it was revealed that he had recently stayed at a hotel. He tested positive for COVID-19 and had hyponatremia and a raised procalcitonin, indicating a bacterial infection as well. He had been initiated on our loc

Dengue vaccine: an update.

Introduction: Dengue virus is a global health threat, with approximately 390 million dengue infections annually. Efficient vaccines for dengue prevention are currently lacking. This review aims to summarize the current progress in dengue vaccine development.Area covered: This article discusses recent dengue vaccine developments based on the published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov website up to December 2020.Expert opinion: The first live-attenuated chimeric yellow-fever/tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), Dengvaxia, has been licensed in several countries. However, the low efficacy of thi

Different Cross-Reactivities of IgM Responses in Dengue, Zika and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infections.

Flaviviruses circulate worldwide and cause a number of medically relevant human diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Serology plays an important role in the diagnosis of flavivirus infections, but can be impeded by antigenic cross-reactivities among flaviviruses. Therefore, serological diagnosis of a recent infection can be insufficiently specific, especially in areas where flaviviruses co-circulate and/or vaccination coverage against certain flaviviruses is high. In this study, we developed a new IgM assay format, which is well suited for the specif…

Ускорение вторжения вектора болезней Aedes aegypti в условиях изменения климата.

Болезни, передаваемые вектором, по-прежнему являются одной из основных причин глобального бремени заболеваний, в то время как, как ожидается, изменение климата усугубит их риск. Характеристика темпов развития вектора и его вариативности во времени в связи с изменением климата имеет ключевое значение для оценки меняющейся основы риска заболеваний человека. Мы разрабатываем механистическая модель фенологии и применяем ее к Aedes aegypti, инвазивному вектору комара для арбовирусов (например, денге, зика и желтая лихорадка). В модели прогнозируется число завершенных в течение всего жизненного цикл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vector-borne diseases remain a major contributor to the global burden of disease, while climate change is expected to exacerbate their risk. … l and apply it to Aedes aegypti, an invasive mosquito vector for arboviruses (e.g. dengue, zika and yellow fever). The model predicts the number of life-cycle completions (LCC) for a given location per unit time based on empirically derived biophysical responses to environmental conditions. Results suggest that the world became ~1.5% more suitable per decade f …

Novel control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases.

Mosquito-borne diseases are an increasing global health challenge, threatening over 40% of the world's population. Despite major advances in malaria control since 2000, recent progress has stalled. Additionally, the risk of Aedes-borne arboviruses is rapidly growing, with the unprecedented spread of dengue and chikungunya viruses, outbreaks of yellow fever and the 2015 epidemic of Zika virus in Latin America. To counteract this growing problem, diverse and innovative mosquito control technologies are currently under development. Conceptually, these span an impressive spectrum of approaches, fr…

Discovery of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of noncompetitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (HKT) from Aedes aegypti.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the vector of arboviruses such as Zika, Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever. These infectious diseases have a major impact on public health. The unavailability of effective vaccines or drugs to prevent or treat most of these diseases makes vector control the main form of prevention. One strategy to promote mosquito population control is the use of synthetic insecticides to inhibit key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of these insects, particularly during larval stages. One of the main targets of the kynurenine detoxification pathway in mosquitoes is the enzyme 3-…

Vector Competence: What Has Zika Virus Taught Us?

The unprecedented outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the Americas from 2015 to 2017 prompted the publication of a large body of vector competence data in a relatively short period of time. Although differences in vector competence as a result of disparities in mosquito populations and viral strains are to be expected, the limited competence of many populations of the urban mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, from the Americas (when its susceptibility is viewed relative to other circulating/reemerging mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), and chikungunya viruses …

Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling and Protein Inhibitors of Activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcriptions As Therapeutic Targets in Flavivirus Infections.

Flaviviruses cause significant human diseases putting more than 400 million people at risk annually worldwide. Because of migration and improved transportation, these viruses can be found on all continents (except Antarctica). Although a majority of the viruses are endemic in the tropics, a few [West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)] have shown endemicity in Europe and North America. Currently, there are vaccines for the Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and TBEV, but there is no effective vaccine and/or therapy against all other flaviviruses. Although t…

The Hajj 2019 Vaccine Requirements and Possible New Challenges.

Each year millions of pilgrims perform the annual Hajj from more than 180 countries around the world. This is one of the largest mass gathering events and may result in the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. As such, there are mandatory vaccinations for the pilgrims such as meningococcal vaccines. The 2019 annual Hajj will take place during August 8-13, 2019. Thus, we review the recommended and mandated vaccinations for the 2019 Hajj and Umrah. The mandatory vaccines required to secure the visa include the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine for all pilgrims, while yellow fever, and …

Vaccinating for natural killer cell effector functions.

Vaccination has proved to be highly effective in reducing global mortality and eliminating infectious diseases. Building on this success will depend on the development of new and improved vaccines, new methods to determine efficacy and optimum dosing and new or refined adjuvant systems. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that respond rapidly during primary infection but also have adaptive characteristics enabling them to integrate innate and acquired immune responses. NK cells are activated after vaccination against pathogens including influenza, yellow fever and tuberculosis, and their subseq…

Erythrosin B is a potent and broad-spectrum orthosteric inhibitor of the flavivirus NS2B-NS3 protease.

Many flaviviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV1-4) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are significant human pathogens. Infection with ZIKV, an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with increased risk of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome and other complications in adults. Currently, specific therapy does not exist for any flavivirus infections. In this study, we found that erythrosin B, an FDA-approved food additive, is a potent inhibitor for flaviviruses, including ZIKV and DENV2. Erythrosin B was found to inhibit the DENV2 and ZIKV NS2B-NS3 proteas…

The use of Aedes aegypti larvae attractants to enhance the effectiveness of larvicides.

Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever vector. Immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes, and the application of larvicides inside containers that cannot be eliminated is still considered a priority in control programs. Larvicidal efficacy is influenced by several factors, including the formulation used, the water quality, and the susceptibility of larvae, among others. If an attractant can be incorporated into a slow-release larvicide formulation, it will be feasible to direct the larvae into the source of …