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Efficacy and Safety of Dapsone Versus Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol for Pneumocystis Jiroveci Prophylaxis in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With a Background of Ethnic Neutropenia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study dapsone in comparison with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for Pneumocystis jiroveci (PJP) prophylaxis in … Dapsone (54.8%). Only 3 patients received IV pentamidine (4.8%), whereas 1 patient (1.6%) received atovaquone. The incidence of prophylaxis failure was 1/1041 months on TMP/SMX and 1/528 months on dapsone. After shifting to dapsone, patients maintained significantly higher ANC (1.46±0.46 vs. 1.17±0.40, P=0.0053), and received significantly higher doses of 6 …

Arthropod-Borne Diseases: The Camper's Uninvited Guests.

Arthropod-borne diseases are a major problem whenever outdoor activities bring arthropods and people into contact. The arthropods discussed … like disease in healthy hosts but can be life threatening with immune compromise. Treatment is with atovaquone and azithromycin. Other tick-related conditions include viral diseases (Powassan, Colorado tick fever, heartland virus), tick-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia), and tick paralysis (toxin). Mosquitoes, lice, fleas, and mites are notable for their anno …

Global TravEpiNet: национальный консорциум клиник, оказывающих помощь международным путешественникам - анализ демографических характеристик, мест путешествий и предпутешествий по охране здоровья международных путешественников США с повышенным риском, 2009 - 2011 годы.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Международные поездки сопряжены с риском возникновения конкретных болезней в местах назначения и могут способствовать глобальному распространению инфекционных заболеваний. Несмотря на это, мало что известно о характеристиках здоровья и предотъездной медицинской помощи для американских международных путешественников, особенно тех из них, которые подвергаются повышенному риску заболевания, связанного с поездками. Мы создали национальный консорциум (Global TravEpiNet) из 18 клиник США, зарегистрированных для проведения вакцинации от желтой лихорадки. Мы собрали данные о дем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: International travel poses a risk of destination-specific illness and may contribute to the global spread of infectious diseases … countries endemic for yellow fever. Fifty-nine percent of travelers reported ≥1 medical condition. Atovaquone/proguanil was the most commonly prescribed antimalarial drug, and most travelers received an antibiotic for self-treatment of travelers' diarrhea. Hepatitis A and typhoid were the most frequently administered vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: Data from Global …

Neurocysticercosis and acquired cerebral toxoplasmosis in children.

Neurocysticercosis, prevalent wherever pigs are raised in the presence of poor sanitation, is the most common identifiable cause of new-onse … is may respond to other antimicrobials, including macrolide antibiotics, dapsone, clinidamycin, and atovaquone. Suppressive treatment is generally required for life in immunodeficient patients. Immunodeficient children with acquired toxoplasmosis have high rates of mortality and neurological sequelae.

Diminazene aceturate and imidocarb dipropionate-based combination therapy for babesiosis - A new paradigm.

In the present study, the effect of a combination therapy consisting of diminazene aceturate (DA) and imidocarb dipropionate (ID) on the in vitro growth of several parasitic piroplasmids, and on Babesia microti in BALB/c mice was evaluated using a fluorescence-based SYBR Green I test. We evaluated the structural similarities between the regularly used antibabesial medications, DA and ID, and the recently found antibabesial drugs, pyronaridine tetraphosphate, atovaquone, and clofazimine, using atom pair fingerprints (APfp). The Chou-Talalay approach was used to determine the interactions betwee…

Siccanin Is a Dual-Target Inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum Mitochondrial Complex II and Complex III.

Plasmodium falciparum contains several mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) dehydrogenases shuttling electrons from the respective substrates to the ubiquinone pool, from which electrons are consecutively transferred to complex III, complex IV, and finally to the molecular oxygen. The antimalarial drug atovaquone inhibits complex III and validates this parasite's ETC as an attractive target for chemotherapy. Among the ETC dehydrogenases from P. falciparum, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an essential enzyme used in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, and complex III are the two enzymes that…

Inhibitory effects of novel ciprofloxacin derivatives on the growth of four Babesia species and Theileria equi.

The problems of parasite resistance, as well as the toxic residues to most of the commercially available antipiroplasmic drugs severely weak … ombination treatments of the identified most effective compounds of NCD/diminazene aceturate (DA), /atovaquone (AQ), and /clofazimine (CF) showed mainly synergistic and additive effects. The IC50 values of NCD showed that they are promising future candidates against piroplasmosis. Further in vivo trials are required to evaluate the therapeutic potential of N …

Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Disparities between HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Immunocompromised Patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia.

The substantial decline in the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) incidence in HIV-infected patients after the introduction of antiretro … ren. Alternative treatment regimens include dapsone with trimethoprim, clindamycin with primaquine, atovaquone, or pentamidine. Patients with moderate to severe disease should receive adjunctive corticosteroids. In newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients with PCP, ART should be initiated as soon as possible. In non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patients, impr …

Splenic Rupture as the First Manifestation of Babesia Microti Infection: Report of a Case and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND Babesiosis is an emerging, tick-borne zoonosis caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia. Babesia microti is the … th babesiosis and Lyme disease co-infection. She responded favorably to 10 days of azithromycin and atovaquone and 21 days of oral doxycycline. CONCLUSIONS Despite its rare occurrence, SR due to B. microti infection is a dreaded complication that can rapidly progress to hemorrhagic shock and death. In contrast to other complications of babesiosis, SR is not …

International Travelers' Sociodemographic, Health, and Travel Characteristics: An Italian Study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately the 8% of travelers requires medical care, with the diagnosis of a vaccine-preventable disease. The aim of our stu … ays respectively). 33.17% of our sample used drugs for malaria chemoprophylaxis: 71.9% of them used Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone®), 26.6% used Mefloquine (Lariam®), 1.5% other drugs. The vaccinations that travelers mostly got in our study were to prevent hepatitis A (n = 264), the typhoid fever (n = 187), the Tetanus + Diphtheria + Pertussis (n = 165), the …

Impact of using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria from Plasmodium falciparum in a non-endemic zone.

BACKGROUND: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been adopted by the World Health Organization as a first-line treatment for unco … oartemisinin-piperaquine) and thirty-four patients were treated with quinine sulfate+doxycycline or atovaquone/proguanil. The parasite clearance period was shorter in the group of patients treated with ACT compared to those receiving other treatment types: 24 h (IQR 24) vs 48 h (IQR 48), p < 0.01. The average hospital stay was also shorter in the ACT group w …

From body art to anticancer activities: perspectives on medicinal properties of henna.

Nature has been a rich source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from … starting building block for synthesizing large number of therapeutically useful compounds including Atovaquone, Lapachol and Dichloroallyl lawsone which have been shown to possess potent anticancer activities. Some other analogs of Lawsone have been found to exhibit other beneficial biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular …

New insights into transmission, diagnosis, and drug treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Pneumocystis carinii has been recognized as a human pathogen for nearly 50 years. We present a case of P carinii infection that typifies cli … the target of sulfa drugs that appear to represent emerging resistance in P carinii. Resistance to atovaquone, a second-line agent, may also be developing.

Legacy 4(1 H )-quinolone scaffolds activity against acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting most warm-blooded animals, including humans, and can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and the developing fetus. Current treatments for toxoplasmosis are effective only against the acute stage of infection and have limited or no activity against the latent bradyzoite stage found within tissue cysts. The mitochondrion of T. gondii is a validated drug target, and the clinically used drug atovaquone acts by inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) at the coenzyme Q:cytochrome c oxidoreductase ( b…

PBPK-Led Assessment of Antimalarial Drug Concentrations in Breastmilk: A Strategy for Optimal Use of Prediction Methods to Guide Decision Making in an Understudied Population.

Treatment of breastfeeding mothers with malaria is challenging due to the lack of information describing drug exposure in milk and the daily … e, dihydroartemisinin, proguanil, and pyronaridine, and > 10% for lumefantrine and tafenoquine. For atovaquone, RID was > 10% with Model 1 but not Model 2. Predicted IDD were considerably lower than licensed doses for infants except for lumefantrine (Model 2) and tafenoquine (not licensed in < 2 years). Predictions were sensitive to drug properties (plasma p …

Dual Function of Mitochondrial Complex III in Plasmodium falciparum.

Complex III of the malaria parasite mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) has been validated as an attractive target for currently … ypersensitivity of the parasites to proguanil, a drug that synergizes with mtETC inhibitors such as atovaquone. Pulldown with MPP α followed by proteomics revealed the association of multiple mitochondrially targeted proteins, in addition to all components of Complex III. These results are consistent with the suggestion that Complex III in P. falciparum serv …

Awareness and Acceptance of Breast Conservation Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients in a Regional Cancer Centre in South India: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study (KAP Study).

INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common AIDS-defining opportunistic illness in people with HIV infection, but its incidence h … y of the following interventions: adjuvant corticosteroids, aerosolised or intravenous pentamidine, atovaquone, clindamycin-primaquone, treatment after failure of first-line treatment, trimethoprim-dapsone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, co-trimoxazole).

Characteristics of imported and domestic malaria cases in Gyeonggi Province, Korea.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored 11 years of malaria data from mandatory reporting in Gyeonggi Province, Korea, to provide information for pr … ses, chloroquine combined with primaquine was the most commonly prescribed treatment (77.0%), while atovaquone-proguanil was frequently used for imported cases (25.9%). Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species in domestic cases (94.9%), whereas P. malariae was more common in imported cases (62.3%). The overall number of reported malaria cases declined fo …

Development of pyridyl thiosemicarbazones as highly potent agents for the treatment of malaria after oral administration.

OBJECTIVES: Drug resistance exists to all current and investigational antimalarial drug classes. Consequently, we have set out to develop ch … sured by LC-MS for pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS: TSC3 showed potent in vitro activity against atovaquone-, dihydroartemisinin-, chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant P. falciparum lines (EC50 <15 nM). The selectivity index (EC50 cells/EC50Pf W2 line) of TSC3 was >500 in two of three mammalian cell lines. In P. berghei-infected mice, TSC3 showed potent …

Targeted Structure-Activity Analysis of Endochin-like Quinolones Reveals Potent Qi and Qo Site Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum Cytochrome bc1 and Identifies ELQ-400 as a Remarkably Effective Compound against Acute Experimental Toxoplasmosis.

Cytochrome bc1 inhibitors have been broadly studied as human and veterinary medicines and agricultural fungicides. For the most part, cytoch … ite active 4(1 H)-quinolone-3-diarylether tested in a murine model of toxoplasmosis was superior to atovaquone, resulting in survival from Type I strain T. gondii infection. These experiments identify highly effective compounds for toxoplasmosis and provide valuable insight into the structure-activity relationship of cytochrome bc1 inhibitors.