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Alternations of Fertility Parameters by Graded Dose of Inorganic Arsenic in Adult Male White Pekin Ducks.

A significant health issue, reproductive toxicity is mostly linked to exposure to various environmental heavy metals. A pervasive toxin that occurs naturally in the environment is arsenic (As). This research was done to determine the effects of various doses of inorganic As supplements on the reproductive organs of adult male white Pekin ducks. A total of 240 numbers of 14-days-old male white Pekin ducks were weighed and randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups with six replicates (10 ducklings in each replicate). The experimental groups were as follows: (T-1) basal diet along with normal …

Lactobacillus plantarum supernatant inhibits growth of Riemerella anatipestifer and mediates intestinal antimicrobial defense in Muscovy ducks.

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is an important pathogen of waterfowl, with multiple serotypes and a lack of cross-protection between each ser … s study, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of LPS-ZG7 against RA infection in Muscovy ducks. The results demonstrated that LPS-ZG7 prevented RA growth in the presence of pH-neutralized, and the inhibition was relatively stable and unaffected by heat, acid-base and ultraviolet light (UV). Following flow cytometry data found that LPS-ZG7 inc …

Investigation of a herpesvirus outbreak in mixed breeds of adult domestic ducks using next generation sequencing.

This report characterizes the first lethal outbreak of Marek's disease on a large farm of mixed-breed adult ducks (>18,000) and identifies the pathogen that resulted in high mortality (35%). Clinical signs included inappetence, respiratory distress, depression, muscle weakness, and ataxia. Post mortem revealed enlarged fragile liver mottled with miliary whitish spots and an enlarged spleen. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular necrosis with eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies, necrosis of splenic follicles and degeneration/necrosis of renal tubules. The disease was tentatively diagno…

Integrated liver proteomics and metabolomics identify metabolic pathways affected by pantothenic acid deficiency in Pekin ducks.

Pantothenic acid deficiency (PAD) in animals causes growth depression, fasting hypoglycemia and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. However, a systematic multi-omics analysis of effects of PAD on hepatic function has apparently not been reported. We investigated liver proteome and metabolome changes induced by PAD to explain its effects on growth and liver metabolic disorders. Pekin ducks (1-d-old, n = 128) were allocated into 2 groups, with 8 replicates and 8 birds per replicate. For 16 d, all ducks had ad libitum access to either a PAD or a pantothenic acid adequate (control, CON) diet, f…

Molecular Characteristics, Receptor Specificity, and Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Ducks in Russia.

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of wild ducks are known to be able to sporadically infect domestic birds and spread along poultry. Regular surveillance of AIV in the wild is needed to prepare for potential outbreaks. During long-year monitoring, 46 strains of AIV were isolated from gulls and mallards in Moscow ponds and completely sequenced. Amino acid positions that affect the pathogenicity of influenza viruses in different hosts were tested. The binding affinity of the virus for receptors analogs typical for different hosts and the pathogenicity of viruses for mice and chickens were investigat…

Immunogenicity and protection of a Pasteurella multocida strain with a truncated lipopolysaccharide outer core in ducks.

Pasteurella multocida infection frequently causes fowl cholera outbreaks, leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study developed a novel live attenuated P. multocida vaccine strain for ducks named PMZ2 with deletion of the gatA gene and first four bases of the hptE gene, both of which are required for the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer core. PMZ2 produced a truncated LPS phenotype and was highly attenuated in ducks with a > 105-fold higher LD50 than the wild-type strain. PMZ2 colonized the blood and organs, including the spleen, liver and lung,…

VP2 virus-like particles elicit protective immunity against duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks.

Duckling short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), an emerging goose parvovirus, has caused short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in … s were formulated into an oil-adjuvanted maternal vaccine to evaluate humoral responses in breeding ducks via latex particle agglutination inhibition assay (LPAI) and microneutralization assay. The offspring were challenged with SBDSV to test the protective efficacy. A single dose of SBDSV was able to induce the high level of LPAI antibodies in ducks, w …

The Biological Characteristics of Novel H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and Its Pathogenesis in Ducks.

Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused outbreaks in poultry in the world. Some of these viruses acquired internal genes from other subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) such as H9 and H6 for the generation of novel reassortant viruses and continually circulated in poultry. Here, we applied a duck-origin virus DK87 and a chicken-origin virus CK66 to assess the biological characteristics of novel reassortant H5N6 HPAIVs and its pathogenesis in ducks. A genetic analysis indicated that the HA genes of the two H5N6 HPAIVs were closely related to the H5 vi…

Effects of grape seed extract on performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in Pekin ducks.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, relative organ weight, jejunum morphology, ileal microflora, and meat quality in Pekin ducks. A total of 1,500 female 1-day-old Pekin ducklings (52.0 ± 0.2 g) were blocked based on body weight (BW) and randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 10 replicates of 50 birds each. The experiment lasted for 6 wk, and dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, and 0.02% GSE. The supplementation of GSE increased (P < 0.05) body weig…

Emergence of Novel Reassortant H1N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Korean Wild Ducks in 2018 and 2019.

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 has caused global pandemics like the "Spanish flu" in 1918 and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic several times. H1N1 remains in circulation and survives in multiple animal sources, including wild birds. Surveillance during the winter of 2018-2019 in Korea revealed two H1N1 isolates in samples collected from wild bird feces: KNU18-64 (A/Greater white-fronted goose/South Korea/KNU18-64/2018(H1N1) and WKU19-4 (A/wild bird/South Korea/WKU19-4/2019(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that M gene of KNU18-64(H1N1) isolate resembles that of the Alaskan avian influenza virus, wh

Effects of low-protein diets on growth performance and carcass yield of growing White Pekin ducks.

A dose-response experiment with 6 analyzed dietary crude protein (CP) levels (13.54, 14.37, 14.71, 16.04, 16.61, and 17.22%) was conducted to investigate the effects of low-protein diets on growth performance and carcass yield of growing White Pekin ducks from 14 to 35 d of age. All diets were formulated to contain a similar dietary energy level and the standardized ileal digestible amino acid profile including lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, isoleucine, valine, and glycine. A total of 288 14-day-old male White Pekin ducks were divided into 6 experimental treatments and ea…

Ducks as a potential reservoir for Pasteurella multocida infection detected using a new rOmpH-based ELISA.

Pasteurella multocida is an important pathogen of numerous domestic poultry and wild animals and is associated with a variety of diseases including fowl cholera. The aim of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant outer-membrane protein H (rOmpH) for detection of anti-P. multocida antibodies in serum to determine their prevalence in Chinese ducks. The P. multocida ompH gene was cloned into pET32a, and rOmpH was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Western blotting revealed that purified rOmpH was recognized by duck antisera again…

Global transcriptional expression in ovarian follicles from Tsaiya ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) with a high-fertilization rate.

Novel candidates for biomarkers of a high-fertilization rate were identified here through global transcriptional profiling of ovarian follicles. Some other differentially expressed candidate genes were first noted to influence animal reproduction in our previous cDNA microarray analysis and are now recognized as markers for marker-assisted selection. In the present study, we compared gene expression in ovarian follicles from animals with high- and low-fertilization rates using an oligonucleotide array. On the basis of a fold change of greater than 1.2 and less than -1.2, a difference of >100 A

Инфекционное заболевание уток, вызванное недавно появившимся штаммом вируса Тембусу в континентальном Китае.

Во время исследований, связанных со вспышкой яйцеклетки, замедлением роста и даже смертью уток в юго-восточном Китае, был изолирован новый вирусный штамм Tembusu под названием Tembusu Vision Fenxsian 2010 (FX2010). Этот вирус повторяется в эмбрионированных куриных яйцах и вызывает смерть эмбриона. В тестах на перекрестную нейтрализацию антисемилия к частичному белоку E вируса Тембусу Мм1775 нейтрализовала штамм FX2010, в то время как антисемилия к японскому энцефалиту - нет. FX2010 — вирус РНК диаметром около 45-50 нм. Анализ последовательности генов E и NS5 показал, что оба гена имеют до 99,6

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
During investigations into an outbreak of egg production decline, retarded growth, and even death among ducks in Southeast China, a novel Tembusu virus strain named Tembusu virus Fengxian 2010 (FX2010) was isolated. This virus replicated in embryonated chicken eggs and caused embryo death. In cross-neutralization tests, antiserum to the partial E protein of …

Genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Brown Tsaiya ducks artificially inseminated with semen from Muscovy drakes.

A selection experiment on maximum duration of fertility of Brown Tsaiya ducks after artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen has been conducted since 1992. The Brown Tsaiya ducks were divided into two lines: a control line (T) with no selection and a selected line (S). The traits measured were the number of eggs set that were laid from Days 2 to 15 after one AI (NES), the number of fertile eggs at candling (NEF), the total number of dead embryos (NED), the maximum duration of fertility (MD), and the number of hatched mule ducklings (NEH). The selected trait was NEF. Six generatio…

Development of the first officially licensed live attenuated duck hepatitis A virus type 3 vaccine strain HB80 in China and its protective efficacy against DHAV-3 infection in ducks.

Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) is an infectious virus that is highly fatal to ducklings and causes significant economic losses in the duck industry worldwide. Biosecurity and vaccination are required to control the pathogen. In the present study, we attenuated a lowly pathogenic DHAV-3 clinical isolate, named as HB, by serial passaging in duck embryos, and followed by several adaptive proliferations in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos. The virulence of DHAV-3 at different passages was assessed by infecting 3-day-old ducklings. We found that the HB strain lost pathogenicity

Phylodynamic analysis provides insights into genotype displacement of duck hepatitis A virus in China.

IMPORTANCE: Duck viral hepatitis, caused by the duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses a significant threat to the global duck industry, particularly in China. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the evolutionary mechanisms driving the genotype displacement of DHAV-1 by DHAV-3 in China using phylodynamic analysis. METHODS: The vp1 genes of 9 DHAV-1 and 17 DHAV-3 strains were sequenced and combined with 82 DHAV-1 and 86 DHAV-3 sequences from GenBank. Bayesian phylogenetic, demographic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed using BEAST v1.10. RESULTS: The substitution rate for DHAV-1 vp1 was 4

Genomic characterization of two duck-origin picornaviruses with seven putative 2A peptides.

INTRODUCTION: The Picornaviridae family is a large group of viruses comprising 68 genera. Duck-origin picornaviruses are categorized into four genera, however, the taxonomic status of some recently identified strains remains to be determined. METHODS: In this study, two virus strains isolated from breeding ducks experiencing reduced egg production were identified and characterized through viral metagenomic analysis. RESULTS: Two viral strains (NC0246 and PX0394) exhibiting the typical picornavirus-like genomic structure were identified and characterized. Notably, both strains exhibit extende…

Novel duck reovirus: A comprehensive review of molecular pathogenesis and advances in diagnosis and vaccination.

Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is an economically significant pathogen that poses an evolving threat to the duck industry, particularly given the absence of licensed vaccines. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advances in NDRV research. We elucidate the mechanisms by which NDRV subverts host defenses, primarily through viral protein-mediated suppression of innate antiviral signaling, disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, and systems-level alterations in immune cell dynamics and inflammatory responses. We also critically discuss progress in field-applicable diagnostics and emergi

The Study of Allergic Reactions in Mice Induced by Particulate Matter from Duck Houses.

Although particulate matter (PM) is strongly associated with allergic reactions, the potential risk of the ability of PM derived from poultry houses to induce allergic reactions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of duck housing PM on allergic reactions in mice. PM samples and fungi were collected from a duck farm. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as a positive control, with ambient-level concentrations of PM, high-concentration PM (HPM), and fungal experimental groups. Aerosol exposure was performed on the mice. Serum IgE, allergic mediators (histamines and leukotrienes), cytokines,