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Structural and functional brain abnormalities in idiopathic cervical dystonia: A multimodal meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have identified both brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (iCD), but often yield diverse results. We aim to find the specific and common neurostructural/functional abnormalities in iCD by conducting separate and multimodal meta-analyses across structural and functional neuroimaging studies. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant publications. Separate meta-analysis for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies and for functional imaging studies, and a multimodal …

Investigation of the static and dynamic brain network mechanisms in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment based on independent component analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous neuroimaging studies have identified substantial structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of comprehensive research on the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within large-scale static and dynamic brain networks in these patients. METHODS: This study utilized independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate alterations in large-scale brain network FC in patients with RRD. Additionally, it employed support vector machine (SVM) to classify RRD patients and

Population level multimodal neuroimaging correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children.

OBJECTIVES: Leveraging a large population-level morphologic, microstructural, and functional neuroimaging dataset, we aimed to elucidate the underlying neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In addition, we evaluated the applicability of machine learning classifiers to predict ADHD diagnosis based on imaging and clinical information. METHODS: From the Adolescents Behavior Cognitive Development (ABCD) database, we included 1,798 children with ADHD diagnosis and 6,007 without ADHD. In multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex, we examined th…

Simulating laminar neuroimaging data for a visual delayed match-to-sample task.

Invasive electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies in nonhuman mammalian experimental preparations have helped elucidate the lamina (layer) dependence of neural computations and interregional connections. Noninvasive functional neuroimaging can, in principle, resolve cortical laminae (layers), and thus provide insight into human neural computations and interregional connections. However human neuroimaging data are noisy and difficult to interpret; biologically realistic simulations can aid experimental interpretation by relating the neuroimaging data to simulated neural activity. We ill…

Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and HIV encephalopathy marked by profound structural and functional alterations detectable with neuroimaging. Treatment with antiretroviral therapy nearly eliminated CNS opportunistic infections, while neuropsychiatric impairment and peripheral nerve and organ damage have persisted among virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH), suggesting ongoing brain injury. Neuroimaging research must use methods sensitive for detectin

Neuroimaging findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative review to elucidate neurobiological underpinnings.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness and significant research has been ongoing to understand its neurobiological basis. Neuroimaging studies right from the 1980s have revealed significant differences between OCD patients and healthy controls. Initial imaging findings showing hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex (mainly orbitofrontal cortex), anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nucleus led to the postulation of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model for the neurobiology of OCD. However, in the last two decades emerging evidence suggests the involvem

Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a paroxysmal gait disorder that often occurs at advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). FOG consists of abrupt walking interruption and severe difficulty in locomotion with an increased risk of falling. Pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning FOG in PD are still unclear. However, advanced MRI and nuclear medicine studies have gained relevant insights into the pathophysiology of FOG in PD. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated structural and functional abnormalities in a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions in PD patients with FOG. In this paper, w

A comprehensive update on neuroimaging endpoints in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: There are currently few treatments approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additionally, there remains a significant … uroimaging endpoints in the context of ALS therapeutic trials, providing insights on structural and functional neuroimaging, plexus and muscle alterations, glial involvement and neuroinflammation, envisioning how these surrogates of disease progression could be implemented in clinical trials. A PubMed search covering the past 15 years was performed. EXPERT OPINION: Neur …

Practical recommendations to conduct a neuroimaging meta-analysis for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Over the past decades, neuroimaging has become widely used to investigate structural and functional brain abnormality in neuropsychiatric disorders. The results of individual neuroimaging studies, however, are frequently inconsistent due to small and heterogeneous samples, analytical flexibility, and publication bias toward positive findings. To consolidate the emergent findings toward clinically useful insight, meta-analyses have been developed to integrate the results of studies and identify areas that are consistently involved in pathophysiology of particular neuropsychiatric disorders. How

Harmonization of neuroimaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: A survey in the imaging community of perceived barriers and suggested actions.

INTRODUCTION: Molecular, functional, and structural neuroimaging biomarkers are largely used to study neurodegenerative diseases, but their benefits to patients/science might be greatly enhanced by improving standardization and cross-validation. In this EU Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Diseases Research-funded project, we surveyed the neuroimaging community to assess perceived barriers in multicentric neuroimaging harmonization and actions to overcome them. METHODS: An anonymous survey addressed researchers, clinicians, pharma industry, and professional associations, inquiring about both

Neuroimaging of mild behavioral impairment: A systematic review.

There are many neuroimaging studies of mild behavioral impairment (MBI), but the results have been somewhat inconsistent. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MBI is a risk factor or prodromal symptom of dementia. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to summarize the results of neuroimaging studies of MBI and consider whether MBI is a prodromal symptom of dementia in terms of its neural correlates. A systematic review supported by a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) was conducted using MBI neuroimaging studies identified using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar on

Neuroimaging insights into the pathophysiology of sleep disorders.

Neuroimaging methods can be used to investigate whether sleep disorders are associated with specific changes in brain structure or regional activity. However, it is still unclear how these new data might improve our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying adult sleep disorders. Here we review functional brain imaging findings in major intrinsic sleep disorders (i.e., idiopathic insomnia, narcolepsy, and obstructive sleep apnea) and in abnormal motor behavior during sleep (i.e., periodic limb movement disorder and REM sleep behavior disorder). The studies reviewed include neuroanatomica

Central neural control of pelvic floor control - Insights from functional brain imaging.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Functional neuroimaging, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), has become essential for studying human brain activity, as it provides an indirect measure of this activity. As its technical capabilities evolve, fMRI continues to offer new insights into the central nervous system. This review summarizes neuroimaging research since 2019 on bladder, pelvic floor, and sexual function in both healthy individuals and those with dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies examine the central neural control of the lower urinary tract (LUT), highlighting brain regions such as the peri…

Acupuncture on Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a severe central nervous system disorder for which acupuncture demonstrates therapeutic efficacy. Various neuroimaging studies have indicated that acupuncture may exert its effects through modulating central mechanisms. However, owing to the current lack of a systematic summary, this study aimed to integrate the existing evidence. METHODS: Two independent reviewers conducted a search across eight databases and other sources, identifying potential neuroimaging trials on acupuncture for PSCI, spanning from the inception of the databases to

Непрозрачная онтология: нейроимAGING классификация групп диагнозов ICD-10 в UK Biobank.

Фон. Использование машинного обучения для классификации диагностических случаев по сравнению с контролем, определенным на основе диагностических онтологий, таких как десятая редакция Международной классификации болезней (ICD-10), на основе нейровизуальных признаков, сейчас является распространенной практикой в широком спектре диагностических областей. Однако сравнения, которые пересекают диагностику (transdiagnostic), таких классификаций отсутствуют. Такие трансдиагностические сравнения важны для определения специфичности классификационных моделей, установления бенчмарков и оценки ценности диа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BackgroundThe use of machine learning to classify diagnostic cases versus controls defined based on diagnostic ontologies such as the Intern … ing diseases based on structural neuroimaging features and depression based on sociodemographic and functional neuroimaging features).ConclusionThese findings highlight challenges with the current disease classification system, leading us to recommend caution with the use of ICD-10 diagnostic groups as target labels in brain-based disease prediction studies.

Neuroimaging of pain in animal models: a review of recent literature.

Neuroimaging of pain in animals allows us to better understand mechanisms of pain processing and modulation. In this review, we discuss recently published brain imaging studies in rats, mice, and monkeys, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), manganese-enhanced MRI, positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography. We provide an overview of innovations and limitations in neuroimaging techniques, as well as results of functional brain imaging studies of pain from January 1, 2016, to October 10, 2018. We then discuss how future investigations can address some bias and ga

Terra Incognita - Contributions of the Olivo-Cerebellar System to Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The inferior olivary nuclei (ION), a key component of the olivo-cerebellar system, remain understudied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research despite evident cerebellar involvement. This perspective piece aims to elucidate the critical role of the ION in cerebellar microcircuitry and its potential implications in ASD pathophysiology. We review the olivo- cerebellar system and the structural and functional alterations of the ION in autism, highlighting findings from neuroanatomical, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies. ION disruptions, although underexplored, may have a major role in the s

Sleep neuroimaging: Review and future directions.

Sleep research has evolved considerably since the first sleep electroencephalography recordings in the 1930s and the discovery of well-distinguishable sleep stages in the 1950s. While electrophysiological recordings have been used to describe the sleeping brain in much detail, since the 1990s neuroimaging techniques have been applied to uncover the brain organization and functional connectivity of human sleep with greater spatial resolution. The combination of electroencephalography with different neuroimaging modalities such as positron emission tomography, structural magnetic resonance imagi

Neuroimaging in eating disorders.

Neuroanatomical and functional studies in the eating disorders (ED) are reviewed. Typically, anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with cerebral spinal fluid spaces enlargement which generally recover as a function of re-feeding. However, specific cortical areas fail to correct in weight restored anorectic patients suggesting trait-related abnormalities. Functional changes in AN associated with starvation reverse with weight recovery, however, reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding may be fundamental to the pathophysiology of AN since this remains after long term weight restoration. Structural studies

Simultaneous PET/MRI: The future gold standard for characterizing motor neuron disease-A clinico-radiological and neuroscientific perspective.

Neuroimaging assessment of motor neuron disease has turned into a cornerstone of its clinical workup. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as a paradigmatic motor neuron disease, has been extensively studied by advanced neuroimaging methods, including molecular imaging by MRI and PET, furthering finer and more specific details of the cascade of ALS neurodegeneration and symptoms, facilitated by multicentric studies implementing novel methodologies. With an increase in multimodal neuroimaging data on ALS and an exponential improvement in neuroimaging technology, the need for harmonization of pr