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Lassa fever: review of epidemiology and epizootiology.

The basic ecology of Lassa fever appears to involve enzootic transmission of virus in commensal populations of a single murine species, Mastomys natalensis. Virus may spill over from the rodent cycle to man by various routes. Secondary spread between humans may occur within domiciliary groups, and persons infected within the community who develop clinical disease may introduce the virus into hospital and begin a cycle of nosocomial infection.Between 1969, when Lassa fever was first described, and June 1975, the disease was recognized on 9 discrete occasions, affecting 114 persons. Over one-thi

Metabolomics analyses identify platelet activating factors and heme breakdown products as Lassa fever biomarkers.

Lassa fever afflicts tens of thousands of people in West Africa annually. The rapid progression of patients from febrile illness to fulminant syndrome and death provides incentive for development of clinical prognostic markers that can guide case management. The small molecule profile of serum from febrile patients triaged to the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Ward at Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone was assessed using untargeted Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Physiological dysregulation resulting from Lassa virus (LASV) infection occurs at the small molecul…

Novel insights for a nonlinear deterministic-stochastic class of fractional-order Lassa fever model with varying kernels.

Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic virus infection that is usually spread by rodents. It is a fatal infection that is prevalent in certain West African countries. We created an analytical deterministic-stochastic framework for the epidemics of Lassa fever employing a collection of ordinary differential equations with nonlinear solutions to identify the influence of propagation processes on infected development in individuals and rodents, which include channels that are commonly overlooked, such as ecological emergent and aerosol pathways. The findings shed light on the role of both immediate and sub

A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against heterologous lethal Lassa fever.

Lassa virus (LASV) is recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the top five pathogens likely to cause a severe outbreak. A recent unprecedented resurgence of LASV in Nigeria caused by genetically diverse strains underscores the need for licensed medical countermeasures. Single-injection vaccines that can rapidly control outbreaks and confer long-term immunity are needed. Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the glycoprotein precursor of LASV lineage IV strain Josiah (rVSVΔG-LASV-GPC) induces fast-acting protection in mon…

Cases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.

The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemen

The Origins and Future of Sentinel: An Early-Warning System for Pandemic Preemption and Response.

While investigating a signal of adaptive evolution in humans at the gene LARGE, we encountered an intriguing finding by Dr. Stefan Kunz that the gene plays a critical role in Lassa virus binding and entry. This led us to pursue field work to test our hypothesis that natural selection acting on LARGE-detected in the Yoruba population of Nigeria-conferred resistance to Lassa Fever in some West African populations. As we delved further, we conjectured that the "emerging" nature of recently discovered diseases like Lassa fever is related to a newfound capacity for detection, rather than a novel vi…

Mapping the zoonotic niche of Lassa fever in Africa.

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic illness responsible for disease outbreaks across West Africa. It is a zoonosis, with the pri … DS: Using a species distribution model, the locations of confirmed human and animal infections with Lassa virus (LASV) were used to generate a probabilistic surface of zoonotic transmission potential across sub-Saharan Africa. RESULTS: Our results predict that 37.7 million people in 14 countries, across much of West Africa, live in areas where conditions are …

Viruses other than arenaviruses from West African wild mammals. Factors affecting transmission to man and domestic animals.

At least thirty-seven different viruses have been isolated from wild mammals in West Africa since 1962. Some of these, including Lassa virus, are already known to cause serious human morbidity and mortality. Crimean haemorrhagic fever-Congo virus, Dugbe virus, Mokola virus, and a smallpox-like agent from a gerbil in Dahomey are briefly discussed. An account of social and ecologic factors affecting man, domestic animals, and their interaction with wild mammals is given.

A prioritised research agenda to inform the introduction and use of Lassa fever vaccines in West Africa.

OBJECTIVE: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic disease endemic in West Africa. While several vaccine candidates are in development, evidence to guide policy- and decision-making on vaccines remains limited. We convened a Policy Research Working Group (PRWG) to develop a prioritised research agenda to reduce delays related to policy- and decision-making. METHODS: Using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology, we conducted a two-phase prioritisation exercise. First, a rapid assessment of literature and expert interviews was conducted to identify evidence gaps, whi

Lassa fever vaccine use cases and demand: Perspectives from select West African experts.

Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to several West African countries. Approximately 300-500,000 cases occur annually across all ages with 10-20% case fatality rates. A LF vaccine is a recognized public health priority, with several candidates entering clinical trials. However, the perspectives of regional experts regarding critical vaccine properties, ideal delivery methods, and priority target populations remain unclear. Using a mixed methods approach with a standardized questionnaire, we individually interviewed 8 West African stakeholders, each with extensive k

Epidemiological characteristics of Lassa fever cases in Liberia: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data, 2019-2020.

OBJECTIVES: Liberia is endemic to Lassa fever (LF) and has the largest reported per capita incidence of LF patients in the West African region. Cases of the disease increased unprecedentedly in 2019 and 2020, characterized by a geographical drift in epidemiology and seasonal variation of occurrence. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of LF in Liberia from 2019 to 2020. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on cases of LF confirmed at the National Public Health Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to December 2020. Medical records were reviewe

Lassa fever: the challenges of curtailing a deadly disease.

Today Lassa fever is mainly a disease of the developing world, however several imported cases have been reported in different parts of the world and there are growing concerns of the potentials of Lassa fever Virus as a biological weapon. Yet no tangible solution to this problem has been developed nearly half a decade after its identification. Hence, the paper is aimed at appraising the problems associated with LAF illness; the challenges in curbing the epidemic and recommendations on important focal points. A Review based on the documents from the EFAS conference 2011 and literature search on

Cell surface glycan engineering reveals that matriglycan alone can recapitulate dystroglycan binding and function.

α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is uniquely modified on O-mannose sites by a repeating disaccharide (-Xylα1,3-GlcAβ1,3-)n termed matriglycan, which is a receptor for laminin-G domain-containing proteins and employed by old-world arenaviruses for infection. Using chemoenzymatically synthesized matriglycans printed as a microarray, we demonstrate length-dependent binding to Laminin, Lassa virus GP1, and the clinically-important antibody IIH6. Utilizing an enzymatic engineering approach, an N-linked glycoprotein was converted into a IIH6-positive Laminin-binding glycoprotein. Engineering of the surface of …

Management of Lassa Fever: A Current Update.

Lassa fever (LF) is on the top-priority infections list of both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and World Health Organization (WHO). This review explores the different treatment approaches found in the literature within the last 20 years. Even though ribavirin stands out among medication options, only one clinical trial was done to assess its efficacy in humans, which necessitated that we look in-depth about the latest updates in managing LF infection. For that matter, we used a Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search on PubMed. Inclusion criteria included papers written in the English l

Clinical virology of Lassa fever in hospitalized patients.

We measured levels of virus in sequential specimens from 137 patients with Lassa fever. The probability of fatal disease increased significantly with the level of viremia measured either on admission or during the course of illness. The odds ratio of death in patients with viremia greater than 10 TCID50/ml was 3.7 (90% confidence interval, 1.9-7.2). The same ratio in patients with viremia greater than 10 TCID50/ml and with levels of aspartate aminotransferase greater than or equal to 150 IU/liter was 21.5 (95% confidence interval, 5.2-99.0). Virus was found in throat cultures from 39% of virem

Multi-Pathogen Innovative (5 in 1) Vaccine for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers will Save More Lives.

Mankind has developed strategies to mitigate calamitous pandemics, by using vaccines. Eradication of some diseases was successful through usage of vaccines. Lassa, Yellow, Crimean-Congo, Marburg and Ebola viruses need special attention. Lassa fever, that now has a candidate vaccine, was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, while Yellow fever has a vaccine from its 17D attenuated strain. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, and the nucleoprotein and glycoproteins are identified for inclusion in a vaccine. Marburg virus is highly pa

Прошлые, нынешние и будущие терапевтические и профилактические стратегии против аренывирусов, ответственных за геморрагическую лихорадку человека.

Для большинства вирусных геморрагических заболеваний, вызванных аренывирусов, вакцины от профилактики пока нет. В настоящее время имеется только одно терапевтическое лечение, которое должно проводиться на ранних стадиях инфицирования. Это особенно проблематично, поскольку эти заболевания трудно диагностировать и лечить. Федра Ласса является самой важной патологией, вызванной арены, в том числе миллионами людей, находящихся в опасности в Западной Африке. На протяжении десятилетий публикуются перспективные исследования, в которых основное внимание уделяется разработке кандидатов на вакцину проти

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
For most viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses, no prophylactic vaccine is available yet. Only one therapeutic treatment is curren … Africa. For decades, promising studies focusing on the development of vaccine candidates targeting Lassa virus have been published, but no vaccine candidate had reached the clinical phase. The second arenavirus in terms of number of human infections is the Junín virus in Argentina. The Junín infected case number has drastically decreased since the use of the …

Review of Mammarenavirus Biology and Replication.

The family Arenaviridae is divided into three genera: Mammarenavirus, Reptarenavirus, and Hartmanivirus. The Mammarenaviruses contain viruses responsible for causing human hemorrhagic fever diseases including New World viruses Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, and Chapare virus and Old World viruses Lassa, and Lujo virus. These two groups of arenaviruses share the same genome organization composed of two ambisense RNA segments. These segments contain four open reading frames that encode for four proteins: the nucleoprotein, glycoprotein precursor, L protein, and Z. Despite their genome similar