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Metabolomics Insights into Gut Microbiota and Functional Constipation.

Background: The composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota play a crucial role in various health conditions, including the occurrence and development of chronic constipation. Recent metabolomic advances reveal that gut microbiota-derived metabolites-such as SCFAs, bile acids, neurotransmitters, and microbial gases-play critical roles in regulating intestinal function. Methods: We systematically analyzed the current literature on microbial metabolomics in chronic constipation. This review consolidates findings from high-throughput metabolomic techniques (GC-MS, LC-MS, NMR) compari…

Recent advances in the application of microbiota transplantation in chickens.

Extensive evidence demonstrates that a healthy and well-balanced gut microbiota profoundly influences host nutrient absorption, immunity, and metabolism. Unlike mammals, early microbiota colonization in commercial poultry largely depends on the environment as chicks hatch in incubators under a relatively sterile environment (egg and incubator sterilization) without maternal-offspring interaction. The early gut microbiota remains unsaturated, providing a critical window for modulation and influencing the subsequent microbiota succession, which may have long-term health outcomes. Microbiota tran…

Decoding the impact of gut microbiota on heart failure.

Decreased cardiac output in heart failure leads to intestinal ischemia and increased permeability. Substantial changes occur in the gut microbiota, characterized by a decline in beneficial bacteria and an overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria. The gut microbiota is intricately linked to prevalent risk factors for heart failure, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and renal insufficiency. Furthermore, imbalanced microbiota-derived metabolites enter the bloodstream and may contribute to the progression of heart failure. Ongoing research explores gut microbiota manipulation to allevia…

Narrative review on microbiota and sepsis: the host's betrayal?

Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota, long considered a "less relevant" to human body health, it plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Disruption of the host-microbe balance contributes to impaired barrier integrity, microbial translocation, and dysregulated immune responses. This perspective raises the possibility that dysbiosis is not merely a consequence of critical illness, rather an active driver of septic progression. This narrative review explores the relationship between sepsis and gut…

Reproductive microbiota in humans: characterization and role in infertility.

Advancements in next generation sequencing technologies, including 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, have vastly expanded our understanding of reproductive microbiota and its role in fertility. For example, in humans, the bacterial genus of Lactobacillus is the overwhelmingly dominant commensal bacterium within reproductive tissues and fluids, such as the vagina, and is an indicator of fertility in women. Shifts away from Lactobacillus allow for opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to inhabit the reproductive tract and result in dysbiosis and infertility. The goal of this review is to explore human r…

Exploring the significance of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), comprising heart and blood vessel disorders, persists as the foremost contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In modern times, the intricate composition of gut microbiota has garnered significant focus, particularly for its varying impact on diverse ailments. Gut dysbiosis, or harmful alterations in the makeup of the gut microbiota, has been related to the development and progression of a variety of disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Imbalances in the host-microbial interaction hamper homeostatic processes that govern health and can activate…

The vaginal microbiota and preterm birth: A systematic review.

Vaginal microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that colonize the lower genital tract. Changes in vaginal microbiota can result in obstetric complication. For example, a reduction in Lactobacilli can lead to bacterial vaginosis, which is associated with preterm birth. We performed a systematic review to investigate the association between vaginal microbiota composition during pregnancy and preterm birth risk. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed databases were used to find published studies on the topic. The search period was between January 2014 and June 2024. A total of 2…

Recent Advances in Gut Microbiota in Psoriatic Arthritis.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation and skin lesions. Recent research has underscored the critical role of gut microbiota-comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea-in the pathogenesis and progression of PsA. This narrative review synthesizes the latest findings on the influence of gut microbiota on PsA, focusing on mechanisms such as immune modulation, microbial dysbiosis, the gut-joint axis, and its impact on treatment. Advances in high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics have revealed distinct microbial profiles associated…

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients.

PURPOSE: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with genetic, immune, and microbial factors. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AS is increasingly recognized, with studies suggesting that intestinal dysfunction may trigger systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota profiles of AS patients from Southern China and explore the relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of AS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 30 AS patients and 25 healthy controls from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun …

Gut microbiota and osteonecrosis: A Mendelian randomization study.

Emerging evidence indicates an association between the gut microbiota and the incidence of osteonecrosis (ON), yet the literature has not adequately addressed whether this relationship is causal. This study uses data from the MiBioGen Consortium and the UK Biobank for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify pathogenic gut microbial taxa associated with ON. Sensitivity analyses confirmed causal relationships, while reverse MR ruled out reverse causation. SNP annotation located genetic variants linked to gut microbiota instrumental variables in ON. The inverse variance weighted method …

Impact of Microbiota Diversity on Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that includes two main types, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The exact cause of IBD is unknown but could be a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. This study investigated the impact of IBD on microbiota diversity by evaluating the differences in microbial composition and the microbiota of a control group (A) of healthy individuals and a group (B) of IBD patients. Sixty biopsies were collected from participants recruited from hospital…

Divergence in the sow vaginal microbiota is associated with fertility.

IN BRIEF: Vaginal microbiota composition influences female fertility, however it has not been studied for measuring fertility level in female pigs. This study reveals significant vaginal microbiota composition differences between high reproductive performance and infertile sows, and demonstrates that the vaginal microbiota has promise for improving female pig selection using machine learning modeling. ABSTRACT: There is a need for reliable and effective biomarkers of female fertility and reproductive potential in the pork industry, as current selection protocols are not keeping up with the ra…

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Vascular Physiology and Health.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. There are many well-known risk factors (dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity) for these diseases, but there are also other factors with important implications in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases (VD). One of these is the gut microbiome, a metabolically active "organ" with many roles in physiological processes that are linked to VD. Moreover, in recent years, the microbiota has been studied as a "target" in the treatment of various diseases, from gastrointestinal diseases to cardiova…

Respiratory diseases and the gut microbiota: an updated review.

The gut microbiota constitutes a vital ecosystem within the human body playing a pivotal role in immune regulation and metabolic homeostasis. Emerging research underscores a sophisticated interplay between the gut and lungs, termed the "gut-lung axis." Gut microbes exert influence over pulmonary immunity and metabolism via immune mediators (e.g., cytokines and interleukins), metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and direct microbial translocation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in a spectrum of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary dis…

The interplay between Blastocystis and human gut microbiota.

Gut microbiota, consisting of multiple beneficial microorganisms, significantly impacts host health. Recent investigations have revealed that the gut microbiota influences the pathogenicity of eukaryotes such as Blastocystis, and conversely, the protist can impact the composition of the bacterial community. This review focuses on both, beneficial and adverse interactions between Blastocystis and human gut microbiota communities. Blastocystis can modulate both the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. Research has demonstrated that Blastocystis colonization is associated with increas…

Microbiota of the Lung Tuberculoma: Paucibacillary Bacterial Community.

Caseum, the central necrotic material of tuberculous lesions, is a reservoir of drug-resistant persisting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, tubercle bacilli are not the only bacterial inhabitants of this necrosis. We discuss the available data on metagenomic and amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA of caseous necrosis from surgically excised tuberculosis (TB) foci. This approach facilitated the characterization of the biodiversity and the potential biochemical pathways of these bacterial communities. We postulate that in terms of MTB content relative to satellite anaerobic lipophilic bacte

Роль кишечных микробиотических метаболитов в нейроинфламмации.

Нейроинфламмация, ключевой механизм защиты нервной системы, связана с изменениями в подстрекательских маркерах и стимуляцией нейроиммунных клеток, таких, как микроглии и астроциты. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиота и ее метаболиты прямо или косвенно регулируют здоровье принимающей стороны. Согласно недавним исследованиям, бактериальный дисбиоз в кишечнике тесно связан с несколькими расстройствами центральной нервной системы, которые вызывают нейроинфламмацию, включая множественный склероз, болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, энцфалопатию, связанную с сепсисом,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuroinflammation, a key defense mechanism of the nervous system, is associated with changes in inflammatory markers and stimulation of neuroimmune cells such as microglia and astrocytes. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and its metabolites directly or indirectly regulate host health. According to recent studies, bacterial dysbiosis in the …

Endometrial Cancer: A Pilot Study of the Tissue Microbiota.

BACKGROUND: The endometrium remains a difficult tissue for the analysis of microbiota, mainly due to the low bacterial presence and the sampling procedures. Among its pathologies, endometrial cancer has not yet been completely investigated for its relationship with microbiota composition. In this work, we report on possible correlations between endometrial microbiota dysbiosis and endometrial cancer. METHODS: Women with endometrial cancer at various stages of tumor progression were enrolled together with women with a benign polymyomatous uterus as the control. Analyses were performed using bi…

Microbiota and other detrimental metabolites in colorectal cancer.

Increasing scientific evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays an essential role in the onset and development of Colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which these microorganisms contribute to cancer development are complex and far from completely clarified. Specifically, the impact of gut microbiota-derived metabolites on CRC is undeniable, exerting both protective and detrimental effects. This paper examines the effects and mechanisms by which important bacterial metabolites exert detrimental effects associated with increased risk of CRC. Metabolites considered include he…

The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders.

Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, more prevalent in women than in men, and range from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) affect 2-5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Treatment for AITD is still restricted to management rather than prevention or cure. Progress has been made in identifying genetic variants that predispose to AITD and thyroid cancer, but the increasing prevalence of all thyroid disorders indicates that factors other than genes are involved. The gut microbiota, which begins to develop be…