Результаты поиска

Application of Neurobiologic Risk Score in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Many health-care institutions are equipped to provide high-quality care to high-risk neonates. Purpose of this study was to assess validity of a tool using Neurobiologic Risk Score in our setting. This tool is applicable in our setting, although further studies should be initiated to determine development delay.

The association of complex liver disorders with HBV genotypes prevalent in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Genotyping of HBV is generally used for determining the epidemiological relationship between various virus strains and origin of infection mostly in research studies. The utility of genotyping for clinical applications is only beginning to gain importance. Whether HBV genotyping will constitute part of the clinical evaluation of Hepatitis B patients depends largely on the availability of the relevance of the evidence based information. Since Pakistan has a HBV genotype distribution which has been considered less virulent as investigated by earlier studies from south East Asian coun…

The cost of treatment for child pneumonias and meningitis in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

Pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis place a significant economic burden on health care systems, particularly in developing countries. This study estimates treatment costs for these diseases in health facilities in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Health facility resources are organized by categories--including salaries, capital costs, utilities, overhead, maintenance and supplies--and quantified using activity-based costing (ABC) techniques. The average cost of treatment for an outpatient case of child pneumonia is dollar 13.44. For hospitalized care, the health system spent an average of dollar …

Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in a rural setting in Pakistan.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in people 40 years of age and older in Budni, Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out involving 1,106 men and women 40 years of age and older in a rural area in Pakistan's North West Frontier Province (NWFP). All subjects with a presenting visual acuity < 6/18 in either eye were referred to a centralized clinic for a standardized eye examination that included refraction and dilated fundal examination. The main outcome was blindness (presenting visual acuity < 3/60 i…

Incidence of xeroderma pigmentosum in Larkana, Pakistan: a 7-year study.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by a defect in the normal repair of DNA of various cutaneous cell types damaged by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We present our 7-year experience with 36 XP patients who either visited the Department of Dermatology or were seen in the medical camps arranged in remote areas for patients' welfare, from 1995 to 2001. For ease of discussion we classified all cases into the following subgroups on clinical grounds only: mild, those with light brown freckles on the face alone; moderate, those with dark brown freck

Arsenic, cadmium and lead levels in hair and toenail samples in pakistan.

We collected toenail and hair samples from 160 subjects, 83 males and 77 females, residing in Lahore city and its suburban areas in Pakistan, and examined the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead and other metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean hair and toenail arsenic levels were 0.31 ppm and 0.70 ppm, respectively. The correlation coefficient between log-transformed values of hair and toenail arsenic levels was 0.16 (p=0.051). After excluding a subject with hair and toenail arsenic levels as high as 1.12 ppm and 4.72 ppm, respectively, the correlatio…

Prevalence of eating disorders in Pakistan: relationship with depression and body shape.

The current study was conducted to assess the prevalence of disturbed eating attitudes in postgraduate female students in Lahore, Pakistan. The interrelationships of disturbed eating attitudes, dissatisfaction with body weight and shape and depression were also investigated. A total of 111 volunteers were interviewed using the following questionnaires: Eating Attitude Test 26 items (EAT-26), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The findings indicated that 59% of the normal-weight and 21% of the underweight women considered …

Survey of surgical emergencies in a rural population in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of specific surgical emergencies in a mountainous rural community in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and to assess use of existing health services, and outcomes related to acute surgical illness events. METHOD: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted. Interviewers visited each of 118 villages in the study area (population 100000), selected a random sample from a total of 9900 households, and interviewed the oldest premenopausal female member (n = 836). Questions were focused on injury, acute abdomen, and/or maternal morbidity occurring in t…

Risk factors for typhoid fever in an endemic setting, Karachi, Pakistan.

We conducted a study to evaluate risk factors for developing typhoid fever in a setting where the disease is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 100 cases with blood culture-confirmed Salmonella typhi between July and October 1994 and 200 age-matched neighbourhood controls. Cases had a median age of 5.8 years. In a conditional logistic regression model, eating ice cream (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.2, attributable risk [AR] = 36%), eating food from a roadside cabin during the summer months (OR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.6-13.0; AR = 18%), taking antimicrobials in the 2…

Pyrethroid-sprayed tents for malaria control: an entomological evaluation in Pakistan.

Field trials were undertaken in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan to determine the effects of pyrethroid-sprayed tents on feeding success, mortality and biting-rates of wild mosquitoes attracted to bait cows confined within the tents. Under natural conditions, endophagic mosquitoes rested only briefly in untreated tents during the night, followed by complete exodus at dawn. In tents sprayed on the interior surface with permethrin 0.5 mg/m2 or with deltamethrin 0.03 g/m2 the biting rate of Anopheles stephensi was reduced by about 40%; deterrency against culicines and other anopheline…

Genetic divergence of poliovirus strains isolated in the Karachi region of Pakistan.

Seventy-seven wild poliovirus strains isolated from poliomyelitis cases in the Civil Hospital of Karachi in Pakistan in 1989-1993 were selected for partial sequence analysis covering the VP1/2A junction region of the viral genome to study the genetic relationships and epidemiological links between strains. Viral RNA was partially amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced by a solid phase method. Computer analysis revealed genetic divergence of the strains within each serotype. Most of the nucleotide differences between strains were silent: only a few specific amino acid substitutions were seen in the …

A rare neural tube defect: a report of eight cases in Pakistan.

Iniencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of central nervous system and axial skeleton. Eight cases were seen in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Centre over a 12 month period constituting 0.1% of all deliveries conducted, the estimated frequency being 1: 850 deliveries. The purpose of this paper is to describe our cases and to report several considerations which might influence the antenatal diagnosis of this rare anomaly.

Epidemiology of head lice infestation in school children at Peshawar, Pakistan.

An epidemiological survey of head lice infestation among school children at Peshawar (Pakistan) was conducted from April to December 1986. Lice were detected by visual inspection and combing of the head. A total sample of 2287 students (1499 girls, 788 boys) aged 8-16 years from six schools revealed an overall prevalence of 46%, with girls showing a higher infestation rate (49%) than the boys (40%). The infestation in girls was more common in one of the three girls' schools surveyed, while in boys it did not differ significantly among different schools. The prevalence decreased as a linear fun…

Pediatric skin disease in Pakistan. A study of three Punjab villages.

The population of children younger than 5 years old in three widely distributed villages in Punjab, Pakistan, was examined for skin disease in November 1980. Approximately 29% of the children had infectious skin disease, with pyoderma the predominant diagnostic category. There were significant differences in pyoderma prevalence rates between villages, with the suppressive effect of malathion spraying for malaria control on the insect population representing the most likely explanation for the observed differences. These data again emphasize the amount of skin disease, particularly in children,…

Сероэпидемиологическое обследование Буньявириды и некоторых других арбовирусов в Пакистане.

В 372 образцах (157 грызунов, 172 домашних животных, 43 человека) из Пакистана были изучены дополнительные фикционные реакции на следующие вирусы: Буньявиридае, Флебовирус: Флеботомус лихорадка Сицилиан (ПФС), Флеботомус лихорадка Неаполь (ПФН), Каримабад (КАР), Салехабад (САЛ); Найровирус: геморрагическая лихорадка Крыма-Конго (КФГ), Хазара (ХАЗ), Дера Гази Хан (ДГК), Дхори (ДХО); Укувирус: Манава (МВА); "Возможные члены": Бакау (БАК), Бханья (БХА). Ревиридае, Орбивирус: Вад Медани (WM). Неклассифицированные: Вановри (ВАН). Четыре из этих вирусов трансмиссивы Phlebotomus (PFS, PFN, KAR, SAL).

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Complement fixation test reactions to the following viruses were studied in 372 samples (157 rodents, 172 domestic animals, 43 persons) from Pakistan: Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus: Phlebotomus fever Sicilian (PFS), Phlebotomus fever Naples (PFN), Karimabad (KAR), Salehabad (SAL); Nairovirus: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Hazara (HAZ), Dera Ghazi Khan…

Use of the intra-uterine contraceptive device in rural West Pakistan.

This paper presents selected aspects of experience with the intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUD) in rural West Pakistan. There were 1,162 IUD cases analyzed with respect to retention or non-retention. Retention rates were estimated, using life table methods, to be between 55 and 75 percent at one year; the smaller figure was obtained when theIUD was considered to be in situ only until the last examination, when it was observed to be in place. The latter or larger figure was obtained when the IUD was considered to be in situ unless known to be out.The extent of follow-up greatly affects est…

Predictors of postpartum coparenting relationship among primiparous couples in Karachi, Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: The postpartum coparenting relationship is an important determinant of parental well-being, relationship functioning, and child development during the transition to parenthood. However, most studies combine mothers' and partner's data, limiting the identification of parent-specific predictors of the postpartum coparenting relationship. This study examined predictors of the postpartum coparenting relationship among primiparous Pakistani couples in Karachi by analyzing mothers' and partners' data separately. METHODS: The full study recruited primiparous mothers and their partners …

National Survey on Delta Check Practices in Clinical Laboratories Across Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Delta check is a quality control tool in clinical laboratory that compares a patient's current test results with previous ones. It is often considered to be a useful tool to identify pre-analytical errors. Delta check procedures vary across labs. A survey was conducted to determine national delta check practices. METHOD: An online survey was sent to pathologists. Data was analyzed by Microsoft excel and figures were generated via R statistical software. RESULTS: The survey was sent out to 84 participants. There were 30 (35.7%) final responses, after exclusion of duplicates and in