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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy among patients with upper urinary system anomalies: evaluating the prevalence, types, characteristics and comparing its outcomes with other patients: a prospective, comparative study of 1485 patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: PCNL plays an important role in the treatment of kidney stones, but since it is less defined for patients with anoma … nomaly group, the stones were mostly mixed (73.5%) with a dominant calcium component. Uric acid and struvite types were slightly more common than in the normal group. There was no statistically significant gender difference between the two groups. (P = 0.54) The mean age of the normal group was 40.8 ± 8.6 years and the anomaly group was 37.9 ± 8.8 years. T …

Dual-energy dual-source CT with additional spectral filtration can improve the differentiation of non-uric acid renal stones: an ex vivo phantom study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the ex vivo ability of dual-energy dual-source CT (DSCT) with additional tin filtration to differentiate among five groups of human renal stone types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three renal stones of 10 types were categorized into five primary groups on the basis of effective atomic numbers, which were calculated as the weighted average of the atomic numbers of constituent atoms. Stones were embedded in porcine kidneys and placed in a 35-cm water phantom. Dual-energy DSCT scans were performed at 80 and 140 kV with and without tin filtrat

An update and practical guide to renal stone management.

Renal stone disease covers kidney and lower urinary tract stones caused by a variety of conditions, including metabolic and inherited disorders, and anatomical defects with or without chronic urinary infection. Most cases are idiopathic, in which there is undoubtedly a genetic predisposition, but where environmental and lifestyle factors play an important role. Indeed, it is becoming apparent that renal stone disease is often part of a larger 'metabolic picture' commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Renal stone disease is a growing problem in the U

Bladder stones after bladder augmentation are not what they seem.

INTRODUCTION: Bladder and renal calculi after bladder augmentation are thought to be primarily infectious, yet few studies have reported sto … , surgeries and stone composition. Patients without stone analysis were excluded. Stones containing struvite, carbonate apatite or ammonium acid ureate were classified as infectious. The following variables were analyzed for a possible association with infectious bladder stone composition: gender, history of cloacal exstrophy, ambulatory status, nephrolith …

The Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among the Population of the Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background and objective Kidney stones, also referred to as nephrolithiasis or renal calculi, is a condition where crystal depositions are formed within the kidney and ideally excreted from the body via the urethra with no pain; however, larger calculi may cause significant pain and require further medical assistance. The vast majority of patients who develop renal calculi form calcium stones, which are either a composition of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cysteine. While kidney stones are one of the most significant diseases among the Saudi…

Hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesiuria, and lack of intestinal colonization by Oxalobacter formigenes in a cervical spinal cord injury patient with suprapubic cystostomy, short bowel, and nephrolithiasis.

Although urolithiasis is common in spinal cord injury patients, it is presumed that the predisposing factors for urinary stones in spinal cord injury patients are immobilization-induced hypercalciuria in the initial period after spinal injury and, in later stages, urine infection by urease-producing micro-organisms, e.g., Proteus sp., which cause struvite stones. We describe a patient who sustained C-7 complete tetraplegia in a road traffic accident in 1970, when he was 16 years old. Left ureterolithotomy was performed in 1971 followed by left nephrectomy in 1972. Probably due to adhesions, th…

Modelling phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) interactions for dynamic simulations of anaerobic digestion processes.

This paper proposes a series of extensions to functionally upgrade the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to allow for plant-wide ph … nhibition) and instead promote iron sulfide (XFeS) precipitation. It also reduces the quantities of struvite ( [Formula: see text] ) and calcium phosphate ( [Formula: see text] ) that are formed due to its higher affinity for phosphate anions. This study provides a detailed analysis of the different model assumptions, the effect that operational/design con …

Outcomes of Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of clinical factors on outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing ureteroscopy. Immobility, recurrent urinary tract infection, and lower urinary tract dysfunction contribute to renal stone formation in patients with SCI. Ureteroscopy is a commonly utilized treatment modality; however, surgical complication rates and outcomes have been poorly defined. Evidence guiding safe and effective treatment of stones in this cohort remains scarce. METHODS: Records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with SCI who underwent ureteroscopy for k

Successful treatment of Corynebacterium urealyticum encrusted cystitis: a case report and literature review.

Encrusted cystitis is a very rare chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder characterized by precipitation and incrustation of phosphate and ammonium-magnesium salts on the vescical mucosa, caused by urinary infection due to urolithic microorganisms. Corynebacterium urealyticum or Corynebacterium group D2, a multiple antibiotic-resistant urea-splitting bacterium, is the most frequently incriminated aetiology. We report a case of a 57-year-old man affected by systemic erythematosus lupus with a long history of dysuria and suprapubic pain who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy drainage with ur

Association between dietary factors and calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary factors associated with the increase in occurrence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths and the decrease in occurrence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) uroliths in cats. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 173 cats with CaOx uroliths, 290 cats with MAP uroliths, and 827 cats without any urinary tract diseases. PROCEDURE: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Cats fed diets low in sodium or potassium or formulated to maximize urine acidity had an increased risk of developing CaOx uroliths but a decreased risk of developin

Chemical compositions of 300 lower urinary tract calculi and associated disorders in the urinary tract.

The stones removed from 273 patients (220 males, 53 females) with bladder stones and 27 patients with urethral stones (males) were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Of these stones 50.0% contained magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 39.9% calcium (oxalate and/or phosphate), 9.4% uric acid (urate), and 0.7% cystine. The disorders associated with bladder stones were prostatic hyperplasia and cancer (47.8%), neurogenic bladder (11.8%), urethral stricture (3.6%) and so on in males, and neurogenic bladder (48.1%), after operation of uterus (29.0%), bladder cancer (5.7%) and so on in females. Urina

Metabolic Insights From Composition-Based Analysis of Kidney Stones: A Retrospective Study of 506 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent condition with increasing global incidence and recurrence. The stone composition reflects underlying metabolic and biochemical alterations, and its evaluation may provide clinically relevant information for effective management. AIM: To evaluate the distribution of stone composition in a large surgical cohort and explore its association with routinely assessed metabolic parameters and recurrence patterns. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 506 adult patients who underwent surgical stone removal between 2018 and 2024

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… The majority of stones are calcium-based, particularly calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, followed by uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones [ 7 - 9 ]. … Renal struvite stones--pathogenesis, microbiology, and management strategies. Flannigan R, Choy WH, Chew B, Lange D. Nat Rev Urol. 2014;11:333–341. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.99. 8. Lifestyle factors and microbiome in urolithiasis: a narrative review. …

Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as the presence of irreversible structural or functional kidney damages, increases the risk of poor outcomes due to its association with multiple complications, including altered mineral metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased cardiovascular events. The mainstay of treatments for CKD lies in the prevention of the development and progression of CKD as well as its complications. Due to the heterogeneous origins and the uncertainty in the pathogenesis of CKD, efficacious therapies for CKD remain challenging. In this review, we focus on the follo

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… For example, cystine stones carry the highest risk of CKD progression, followed by uric acid and struvite stones [ 99 ]. Given the higher rate of recurrence, nephrolithiasis and urothithiasis in CKD should be well managed. Pathways leading to CKD may be stone-specific. … Chronic pyelonephritis, high urine pH due to urease action, and staghorn stones in the struvite stone formers may cause papillary necrosis and renal parenchymal injury [ 100 ]. …

Management of urinary stones: state of the art and future perspectives by experts in stone disease.

AIM: To present state of the art on the management of urinary stones from a panel of globally recognized urolithiasis experts who met during … llows the identification of most "high-risk" patients forming non-calcium stones: infection stones (struvite), uric acid and urates, cystine and other rare stones (dihydroxyadenine, xanthine). Patients at "high-risk" forming calcium stones require a more difficult diagnosis by clinical and laboratory evaluation. Particularly, patients with cystinuria and p …

2020 ACVIM Forum On Demand Research Abstract Program.

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RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 28th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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Биология и болезни крыс

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Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

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