Результаты поиска

Tropism and innate host responses of a novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an analysis of ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract.

BACKGROUND: Since March, 2013, an avian-origin influenza A H7N9 virus has caused severe pneumonia in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of this new virus in human beings. METHODS: We obtained ex-vivo cultures of the human bronchus, lung, nasopharynx, and tonsil and in-vitro cultures of primary human alveolar epithelial cells and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. We compared virus tropism and induction of proinflammatory cytokine responses of two human influenza A H7N9 virus isolates, A/Shanghai/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/2/2013; a highly pathogenic avian …

Tropism and innate host responses of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in ex vivo and in vitro cultures of human conjunctiva and respiratory tract.

The novel pandemic influenza H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus of swine origin causes mild disease but occasionally leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. It is important to understand the pathogenesis of this new disease in humans. We compared the virus tropism and host-responses elicited by pandemic H1N1pdm and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in ex vivo cultures of human conjunctiva, nasopharynx, bronchus, and lung, as well as in vitro cultures of human nasopharyngeal, bronchial, and alveolar epithelial cells. We found comparable replication and host-responses in seasonal and pandemic H1…

Инфекция астроцитов во время энцефалита Рабиса зависит от трассы вируса и инфекции, продемонстрированной Новым количественным 3D-анализом тропизма клеток.

Несмотря на то, что обычное иммуногистохимическое лечение вируса нейротропиковой бешенства (RABV) обычно свидетельствует о высокой предпочтительности нейронов, нееврональные клетки также являются потенциальными мишенями, а прерывательная инфекция астроцитов считается основным фактором врожденного иммунитета в CNS. В то время как исследования in vitro показали различия между полевыми и менее вирулентными лаборантами, адаптированными к РАБВ, системного количественного сопоставления астроцитного тропизма в vivo не существует. Здесь для измерения трпиза клеток РАБВ в зараженных мозгах использовала

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Although conventional immunohistochemistry for neurotropic rabies virus (RABV) usually shows high preference for neurons, non-neuronal cells … tween field and less virulent lab-adapted RABVs, a systematic, quantitative comparison of astrocyte tropism in vivo is lacking. Here, solvent-based tissue clearing was used to measure RABV cell tropism in infected brains. Immunofluorescence analysis of 1 mm-thick tissue slices enabled 3D-segmentation and quantification of astrocyte and neuron infection fr …

Tropism and replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study.

BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases … di Arabia and Egypt with a prototype human MERS-CoV to assess virus replication competence and cell tropism in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. METHODS: We characterised MERS-CoV viruses from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt and compared them with a human MERS-CoV reference strain. We assessed viral replication kinetics and competence in …

Polymorphisms in inc proteins and differential expression of inc genes among Chlamydia trachomatis strains correlate with invasiveness and tropism of lymphogranuloma venereum isolates.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a human bacterial pathogen that multiplies only within an intracellular membrane-bound vacuole, the inclusion. C. t … ion in the inclusion membrane, could be a factor determining these different types of infection and tropisms. Analyses of polymorphisms and phylogeny of 48 Inc proteins from 51 strains encompassing the three disease groups showed significant amino acid differences that were mainly due to variations between Inc proteins from LGV and ocular or urogenital is …

Characterization of the antigen distribution and tissue tropisms of three phenotypically distinct yellow fever virus variants in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Arbovirus dissemination from the midgut of a vector mosquito is a critical step in facilitating virus transmission to a susceptible host. We previously characterized the genetic determinants of yellow fever virus (YFV) dissemination from the Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut using 2 genetically and phenotypically distinct strains of YFV: the wild-type, disseminating YFV Asibi strain and the attenuated, midgut-restricted YFV 17D vaccine strain. We examined the process of viral dissemination in YFV-infected Ae. aegypti by characterizing the tissue tropisms of 3 YF viruses in Ae. aegypti: Asibi, 17D,…

HIV-1 tropism for the central nervous system: Brain-derived envelope glycoproteins with lower CD4 dependence and reduced sensitivity to a fusion inhibitor.

We previously described envelope glycoproteins of an HIV-1 isolate adapted in vitro for growth in microglia that acquired a highly fusogenic phenotype and lower CD4 dependence, as well as resistance to inhibition by anti-CD4 antibodies. Here, we investigated whether similar phenotypic changes are present in vivo. Envelope clones from the brain and spleen of an HIV-1-infected individual with neurological disease were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of sequences according to the tissue of origin, as expected. Functional clones were then used in cel

Case Report: Small bowel metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case series and systematic review of clinical characteristics, tropism, and survival outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Small bowel metastasis from primary esophageal carcinoma is a rare occurrence, typically indicative of advanced disease and often presenting with non-specific abdominal symptoms. Failure to consider this possibility in the differential diagnosis may lead to delayed or incorrect management. This article reports the case of a 60-year-old male with small bowel metastasis originating from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. To better characterize this clinical entity, we also conducted a systematic review of 23 documented cases, analyzing their clinicopathological features, diagnostic

Genomic epidemiology and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu, China: emerging broader host tropism strain clones ST59 and ST398.

Staphylococcus aureus is highly pathogenic and can cause disease in both humans and domestic animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic epidemiology of S. aureus isolates from raw milk in Jiangsu Province, China, to identify predominant lineages and their associated genomic and phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we identified 117 S. aureus isolates collected from 1,062 samples in Jiangsu Province between 2021 and 2022. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 117 S. aureus isolates, molecular analyses indicated CC1-ST1 (26.50%, 31/117), CC97-ST97 (18.80%, 22/

Human intestinal tissue tropism in Escherichia coli O157 : H7--initial colonization of terminal ileum and Peyer's patches and minimal colonic adhesion ex vivo.

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are an important cause of diarrhoeal and renal disease in man. Studies of a single prototypic O157 : H7 strain have shown tropism for follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of distal ileal Peyer's patches without colonization of either small or large intestine. This study determined tropism in a range of Shiga toxin (Stx)-negative EHEC strains and looked for factors that might induce colonic colonization using human in vitro intestinal organ culture (IVOC). An FAE-restricted colonization was confirmed in two strains; four strains additionally colonized …

Acute HSV-2 infection with a low-passage clinical strain: Analysis of viral tropism, immunity, and disease manifestations in a dual animal model system.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary causative agent of genital herpes and represents a substantial global health concern. Although laboratory-adapted HSV-2 strains have been widely studied, the natural virological and pathogenic features of clinical isolates remain less well understood. In this study, we characterized HSV-2/KM-1, a low-passage clinical isolate (passage 6) from China, using both guinea pig and mouse models. Intravaginal inoculation resulted in acute genital lesions, viral shedding (which peaked between 2 and 5 days post-infection (DPI), and systemic symptoms. Vir

A large population sample of African HIV genomes from the 1980s reveals a reduction in subtype D over time associated with propensity for CXCR4 tropism.

We present 109 near full-length HIV genomes amplified from blood serum samples obtained during early 1986 from across Uganda, which to our k … East African population studies, and to have a higher propensity to use the CXCR4 co-receptor ("X4 tropism"); associated with a decrease in time to AIDS. Here we find significant differences in predicted tropism between A1 and D subtypes in all three sample periods considered, which is particularly striking the 1986 sample: 66% (53/80) of subtype D env s …

Infection Kinetics and Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Mouse After Natural (via Ticks) or Artificial (Needle) Infection Depends on the Bacterial Strain.

Borrelia burgdorferi sl is a complex of pathogen bacteria transmitted to the host by Ixodes ticks. European Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit di … Our study shows the need to remove ticks as early as possible after attachment. Moreover, Borrelia tropism varied according to the strain as well as between ticks bite and needle inoculation, confirming the association between some strains and clinical manifestation of Lyme borreliosis, as well as the role played by tick saliva in the efficiency of Borre …

Analyses of multiple-site and concurrent Chlamydia trachomatis serovar infections, and serovar tissue tropism for urogenital versus rectal specimens in male and female patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: to determine the incidence of concurrent infections on a serovar level; to determine the incidence of multiple anatomical infected sites on a detection and genotyping level and analyse site-specific serovar distribution; to identify tissue tropism in urogenital versus rectal specimens. METHODS: Chlamydia trachomatis-infected patients in two populations were analysed: 75 visiting the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of the MC Haaglanden, and 358 visiting the outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic, The Hague, The Netherlands. T…

Detailed molecular investigation of Marek's disease virus circulating in organised poultry farms in India revealed emergence of highly virulent MDV causing varied tissue tropism.

1. The current study analysed Marek's Disease virus (MDV) strains, genome characteristics and associated pathology, with reference to the ce … sampled locations were virulent forms of MDV and under positive selection, leading to varied tissue tropism, such as brain affinity, which has been previously reported in virulent MDV.6. The study highlighted the emergence of neurotropic, virulent MDV strains in India, underscoring the need for vigilant surveillance and revised vaccination strategies. Bra …

Replication Kinetics, Cell Tropism, and Associated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2- and H5N1 Virus-Infected Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Models.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a wide variety of neurological complications. Even though SARS-CoV-2 is rarely detected in the central nervous system (CNS) or cerebrospinal fluid, evidence is accumulating that SARS-CoV-2 might enter the CNS via the olfactory nerve. However, what happens after SARS-CoV-2 enters the CNS is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the replication kinetics, cell tropism, and associated immune responses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different types of neural cultures derived from human induced pluripotent …

The macrophage entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by surface CD98/TMPRSS11E complex is associated with the cellular tropism toward proinflammatory M1 and pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants have demonstrated increased human adaptation. Alveolar and recruite … acrophages. These findings reveal a CD98/TMPRSS11E-mediated entry mechanism that contributes to the tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for pro-inflammatory macrophages and may influence disease pathogenesis.

Lineage-associated differences in adenine methylation patterns of mammalian-associated Campylobacter fetus isolates: a possible role for epigenetic factors in host tropism and pathogenesis.

Mammalian Campylobacter fetus (CF) is divided into two subspecies, C. fetus fetus (CFF) and C. fetus venerealis (CFV), the latter being bovi … rsity between subtypes has confounded efforts to understand the genetic basis for differential host tropism and pathogenesis of these organisms. A previous study of a small cohort of C. fetus isolates suggested that dam gene coding variations might correlate with CF subtype. Accordingly, this study examines a cohort of 331 C. fetus genomes, representative …

Dexamethasone conjugation to an Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-NanoASsembly eliminates the steroid plasma absorption, enhancing selective lung tropism in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis.

Despite their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids are limited in clinic due to poor selectivity and their side effects. The ability … underscored the influence of the administration route, rather than the disease state, on ANANAS-Dex tropism. The study on intranasal administration highlighted that: 1) free Dex circulates in the bloodstream, while ANANAS keeps the drug confined in the lungs; 2) ANANAS-Dex results in sustained drug release in the lungs, enhancing the lungs/plasma-peripher …