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Poly (D,L-lactic acid) macroporous guidance scaffolds seeded with Schwann cells genetically modified to secrete a bi-functional neurotrophin implanted in the completely transected adult rat thoracic spinal cord.

Freeze-dried poly(D,L-lactic acid) macroporous scaffold filled with a fibrin solution containing Schwann cells (SCs) lentivirally transduced to produce and secrete D15A, a bi-functional neurotrophin with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 activity, and to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) were implanted in the completely transected adult rat thoracic spinal cord. Control rats were similarly injured and then implanted with scaffolds containing the fibrin solution with SCs lentivirally transduced to produce express GFP only or with the fibrin solution only. Transgene prod

Osteolytic Breast Cancer Causes Skeletal Muscle Weakness in an Immunocompetent Syngeneic Mouse Model.

Muscle weakness and cachexia are significant paraneoplastic syndromes of many advanced cancers. Osteolytic bone metastases are common in advanced breast cancer and are a major contributor to decreased survival, performance, and quality of life for patients. Pathologic fracture caused by osteolytic cancer in bone (OCIB) leads to a significant (32%) increased risk of death compared to patients without fracture. Since muscle weakness is linked to risk of falls which are a major cause of fracture, we have investigated skeletal muscle response to OCIB. Here, we show that a syngeneic mouse model of

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… The extensor digitorum longus (EDL), tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), and gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles were dissected from hindlimb contralateral to the site of inoculation and weighed intact (Figure 1 C). … (C) Weight loss of individual muscles dissected from the lower hindlimb ( n = 10) of mice with 4T1 OCIB; extensor digitorum longus (EDL), tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), and gastrocnemius (Gastroc) compared to non-tumor control mice. …

[Impacts of high-voltage electrical burn on serum platelet-related factors and platelet aggregation number in rats and the interventive effect of Xuebijing].

Objective: To explore the effect of high-voltage electrical burn on platelet function and rheological behavior in rats and the interventive … each with an area of 1 cm×1 cm distributed in the left forelimb at the current inlet and the right hindlimb at the current outlet respectively. Rats in sham injury group and simple electrical burn group were not treated after injury. At post injury minute 2 and on post injury day (PID) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, rats in electrical burn+ saline group and electr …

Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Improves Contractures After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Joint contractures are a major complication in patients with spinal cord injuries. Positioning, stretching, and physical therapy … r the first day (prevention) or 15th day (treatment) after spinal cord injury for 2 or 4 weeks. The hindlimbs of rats in the treated group were exposed to CO2 gas for 20 minutes once daily. Knee extension ROM was measured with a goniometer and was measured again after myotomy. We calculated the muscular and articular factors responsible for contractures by …

The effect of rabbit skeletal muscle on the large segment autologous bone ectopic preconstruction of vascularized bone flap.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the spatiotemporal secretion patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in rabbit skeletal muscle and their effects on the ectopic prefabrication of vascularized osteocutaneous flaps using large-segment autologous bone grafts. METHODS: Seventy adult Chinese white rabbits (gender-neutral) were randomly assigned: 60 rabbits to the experimental group and 10 to the blank control group. In the experimental group, a 1.5 cm midshaft tibial segment from the left hindlimb was aseptically excised, stripped of soft tiss…

Endothelial SCUBE2 Interacts With VEGFR2 and Regulates VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major mediator of angiogenesis, exerts its proangiogenic action by binding to VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2), the activity of which is further modulated by VEGFR2 coreceptors such as neuropilins. However, whether VEGFR2 is regulated by additional coreceptors is not clear. To investigate whether SCUBE2 (signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 2), a peripheral membrane protein expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) known to bind other signaling receptors, functions as a VEGFR2 coreceptor and to verify the role of SCUBE2 in the VEG

Osteocyte network; a negative regulatory system for bone mass augmented by the induction of Rankl in osteoblasts and Sost in osteocytes at unloading.

Reduced mechanical stress is a major cause of osteoporosis in the elderly, and the osteocyte network, which comprises a communication system through processes and canaliculi throughout bone, is thought to be a mechanosensor and mechanotransduction system; however, the functions of osteocytes are still controversial and remain to be clarified. Unexpectedly, we found that overexpression of BCL2 in osteoblasts eventually caused osteocyte apoptosis. Osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were unaffected by BCL2 transgene in vitro. However, the cortical bone mass increased due to enhanced osteob

Antidepressants Rescue Stress-Induced Disruption of Synaptic Plasticity via Serotonin Transporter-Independent Inhibition of L-Type Calcium Channels.

BACKGROUND: Long-term synaptic plasticity is a basic ability of the brain to dynamically adapt to external stimuli and regulate synaptic strength and ultimately network function. It is dysregulated by behavioral stress in animal models of depression and in humans with major depressive disorder. Antidepressants have been shown to restore disrupted synaptic plasticity in both animal models and humans; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS: We examined modulation of synaptic plasticity by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in hippocampal brain slices from wild-type r

The expression of Gli3, regulated by HOXD13, may play a role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) is a congenital limb deformity. Based on extended transmission disequilibrium testing, Gli-Kruppel family member 3 (Gli3) has been identified as a candidate gene for ICTEV. Here, we verify the role of Gli3 in ICTEV development. METHODS: Using the rat ICTEV model, we analyzed the differences in Gli3 expression levels between model rats and normal control rats. We used luciferase reporter gene assays and ChIP/EMSA assays to analyze the regulatory elements of Gli3. RESULTS: Gli3 showed higher expression levels in ICTEV model rats com

In vivo selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 in rabbit experimental osteoarthritis is associated with a reduction in the development of structural changes.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to investigate, using an experimental rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA), the effect of a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK-1/2) inhibitor, PD 198306, on the development of structural changes. Additional aims were to assess the effects of the inhibitor on levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (phospho-ERK-1/2) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1; collagenase 1) in OA chondrocytes. METHODS: After surgical sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee joint, rabbits with OA wer

The morphogen Sonic hedgehog is an indirect angiogenic agent upregulating two families of angiogenic growth factors.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a prototypical morphogen known to regulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. We found that the hedgehog-signaling pathway is present in adult cardiovascular tissues and can be activated in vivo. Shh was able to induce robust angiogenesis, characterized by distinct large-diameter vessels. Shh also augmented blood-flow recovery and limb salvage following operatively induced hind-limb ischemia in aged mice. In vitro, Shh had no effect on endothelial-cell migration or proliferation; instead, it induced expression of two families of angiogenic

Улучшают ли упражнения на ногах функции рук и рук для лиц с нееврологическими расстройствами? Обзор.

Цель проведения аналитического обзора, содержащего резюме существующей литературы об использовании упражнений на ногах для улучшения функции руки для лиц, страдающих неврологическими условиями. 5 базы данных (PubMed, Empase, Cumulative Index to Medrsing and Alimate Health Licture, Scopus, Cochrane Central), вторичные ссылки и 9 Серые литературные базы данных с января 1, 1947, по октябрь 28, 2025Студенты по отбору исследователей включали взрослых, живущих в неврологических условиях и осуществляющих программы тренировки с ориентацией на ногу, которые включали в себя конкретные результаты по рука

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… the hindlimbs. … Coordination within a hindlimb. Acta Physiol Scand. 1980;108:269–281. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06533.x. 54. Kiehn O., Kjaerulff O. Distribution of central pattern generators for rhythmic motor outputs in the spinal cord of limbed vertebrates. …

Myelin-реактивные CD8+T клетки оказывают влияние на обычные дендритные поднаборы клеток в направлении зрелого и регулируемого фенотипа в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиэлите.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное демиелинизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы, моделируемое в мышах как экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE). В то время как CD4+T клетки, в первую очередь TH1 и TH17, движут патогенезом болезней, точная функция CD8+T клеток остается неясной. Ранее мы продемонстрировали, что переносимые миелином-реактивные CD8+T клетки (PLP-CD8) предотвращают индукцию EAE и подавляют текущие заболевания путем вовлечения MHC класса I в мышей-реципиента. Здесь мы показываем, что PLP-CD8 вызывает регулятивные изменения в обоих подмножествах обыч

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… The disease was scored as 0 for no symptoms; 1 for tail weakness; 2 for mild hindlimb weakness but no paralysis; 3 for partial hindlimb paralysis; 4 for complete hindlimb paralysis and 5 for moribund state or death. …

Пьезо1 в микроглиальных клетках: последствия для нейроинфламмации и опухоли.

Микроглия, центральная нервная система (ЦНС), постоянно проживающие иммунные клетки, играет ключевую роль в регулировании нейроразвития, поддержании нейронного гомеостаза и посредничающей нейро-воспалительной реакции. Недавние исследования высветили важность механотрансдукции, процесса, посредством которого клетки преобразуют механические стимуляторы в биохимические сигналы, для регулирования микроглиальной активности. Среди различных механочувствительных каналов Piezo1 стал ключевым игроком в микроглии, оказывая влияние на их поведение как в физиологических, так и патологических условиях. В н

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… Li et al. reported that cardiomyocyte Piezo1 interacted with Caspase-8 to exacerbate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 87 ], and Xie et al. found that macrophage Piezo1 was involved in the angiogenic response following hindlimb ischemia via Ca2+ dependent CaMKII/ETS proto-oncogene 1 signaling, and … the deletion of Piezo1 could promote perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia [ 88 ], which suggested a possible mechanism for the association of macrophages with cerebral ischemia. …

Canine Subcutaneous Zygomycosis Caused by Conidiobolus sp.: A Case Report and Review of Conidiobolus Infections in other Species.

Résumé- Un chien, jeune adulte, a été présenté pour une masse sous-cutanée évoluant depuis un mois sur la partie droite du thorax et une mas … utaneous mass on the right thoracic wall and an ulcerative, subcutaneous mass of the proximal right hindlimb. Pyogranulomatous inflammation of the dermis and subcutis with broad fungal hyphae were found on histopathologic examination. Despite some waxing and waning of the skin disease, new lesions continued to appear. A 2-week course of itraconazole did no …

Imaging and surgical outcomes of spinal tumors in 18 dogs and one cat.

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological appearances and surgical outcomes of 18 dogs and one cat with spinal tumors are presented. Medical records of the cases admitted for spinal disorders were reviewed, and cases of spinal tumors that were diagnosed by MRI and confirmed by histological examination were included in this study. T1 weighted, T2 weighted and contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were taken and interpreted to evaluate the spinal tumors. The tumors were diagnosed as: meningioma (n = 6), ependymoma (n = 1), nerve sheath tumor (n = 4), metastatic spinal t

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… The ependymoma case presented in this study was admitted with hindlimb ataxia for 2 months. In addition to the tumor, there was diastematomyelia at the level of L6 in MRI, which deteriorated after surgical removal of the tumor. The case of nephroblastoma was accompanied by syringomyelia in MRI. … The case considered in this study was still alive with slight hindlimb ataxia at the time that this manuscript was written. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first case of spinal osteoma in dogs to be reported. The method of choice for visualising spinal tumors is MRI. …

Deficiency of the microRNA-31-microRNA-720 pathway in the plasma and endothelial progenitor cells from patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Defects in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis or vessel repair are major complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a fundamental role in postnatal vascular repair and CAD. The role of microRNAs in CAD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers remain to be elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS: MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) level in both the plasma and EPCs of patients with CAD is found lower. miR-31 regulates EPC activities by targeting FAT atypical cadherin 4 and thromboxane A2 receptor, which show increased expression in CAD EPCs. Overexpressing miR

Establishment of culturing system for ex-vivo expansion of angiogenic immature erythroid cells, and its application for treatment of patients with chronic severe lower limb ischemia.

Angiogenesis therapy by bone marrow-mononuclear cell implantation (BMI) has been utilized. We found that erythroid cells played an essential role in angiogenesis by BMI. We then tried to establish a novel cell therapy by implantation of ex vivo expanded immature erythroblasts cultured from hematopoietic stem/precursor cells. Immature to mature erythroblasts were purified from human bone marrow, and mRNA expression were analyzed. Strongly expressed VEGF and PLGF in immature erythroid cells decreased according to erythroid maturation. To expand very immature erythroid cells, we established a two

Multigenic control of the localization of the zone of polarizing activity in limb morphogenesis in the mouse.

We report here that in three preaxial polydactylous mutants in the mouse, namely, 1st, 1x, and Xp1, ectopic expression of the Shh and Fgf-4 genes can be detected at the anterior margin of limb buds. These and three other mutants, namely, Rim4, Hx, and Xt1, which we described in our previous study, all appeared to form a duplicated zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) at the anterior margin of the limb bud. We studied the spatial and temporal pattern of expression of the Gli3 gene, which is affected in a loss-of-function type of mutation, Xt1. The expression domain of Gli3 appeared to be complemen

Spadin as a new antidepressant: absence of TREK-1-related side effects.

Despite several decades of research, current antidepressant (AD) treatments remain of a limited efficacy justifying the need to find new drugs. These drugs have to be more efficacious, more rapid and display lesser side effects. Using rodent models, we recently identified spadin as a new antidepressant molecule that acts more quickly than classical ADs, working within 4 days to get same effects obtained with other ADs after 21 days. Spadin blocks TREK-1 K(2P) potassium channels that are considered as new targets for ADs. Deletion of the TREK-1 channel is known to increase sensitivity to pain,