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A Comprehensive Analysis Revealing BUB1B as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BUB1B, a member of the spindle assembly checkpoint family known as BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B, has been associated with the promotion of tumor progression. Nevertheless, its specific contributions to tumorigenesis remain largely unexplored. This study seeks to offer a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the role of BUB1B in the progression of various cancers, with a particular focus on lung adenocarcinoma, utilizing a range of databases. We investigated BUB1B's role in pan-cancer using TCGA data, analyzing it with platforms like HPA, TIMER, TISIDB, GEPIA, cBioPortal

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… Numerous studies have demonstrated that a reduction in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules enables tumor cells to evade detection and destruction by immune cells, thereby facilitating tumor proliferation and metastasis in cancers such as prostate cancer and melanoma. …

The Art of Bioimmunogenomics (BIGs) 5.0 in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Lymphoma Management.

PurposeLymphoma, the most predominant neoplastic disorder, is divided into Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma classifications. Immunotherapeutic modalities have emerged as essential methodologies in combating lymphoid malignancies. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising responses in chemotherapy-resistant B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases.MethodsThis comprehensive review delineates the advancement of CAR-T cell therapy as an immunotherapeutic instrument, the selection of lymphoma antigens for CAR-T cell targeting, and the conceptualization, synthesis, and deployment of CAR-T c

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… Factors such as K on /K off rates, spatial constraints between T-cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), immunological synapse formation, TCR clustering, and interactions of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide complexes determine TCR affinity for MHC/peptide …

Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Surgery with the assistance of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy is the basis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, with these treatment modalities, the recurrence and metastasis of tumors remain at a high level. Increasingly, the evidence indicates an excellent anti-tumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematological malignancy treatment, and this novel immunotherapy has attracted researchers' attention in HNSCC treatment. Although several clinical trials have been conducted, the weak anti-tumor effect and the side

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… In CAR-T cell therapy, T cells derived from patients are genetically engineered to express antibodies that can specifically recognize tumor antigens in a non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner ( Figure 1 ) [ 11 , 12 ]. … Abbreviations HNSCC: | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; CAR-T: | chimeric antigen receptor T; MHC: | non-major histocompatibility complex; scFv: | single-chain variable fragment; V L : | variable light chain; V H : | variable heavy chain; TRUCK: | T cells redirected for universal cytokine killing …

The Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: Advantages, Trials, and Tribulations, and the Road Ahead.

Immunotherapy is the upcoming trend in cancer treatment. Traditional cancer treatment methods include surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, small molecule targeted drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Surgical resection is useful for early-stage patients but not for metastatic cancer cells; radiotherapy and chemotherapy are more common but produce substantial damage to normal tissues and have poor selectivity. Targeted drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, have better comprehensive efficacy but can also encourage gene mutation of tumor c

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… Unlike TILs and TCRs, which are dependent on Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression of target cells for antigen recognition, CAR-T cells recognize the specific antigens, independent of antigen processing by the target cells and MHC restrictions, thus, in turn, killing tumor cells effectively …

Генетическая модификация развития инвалидности, связанной с ожирением, при множественном склерозе.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Ожирение ассоциируется с неблагоприятными последствиями множественного склероза (МС), однако остается неясным, зависит ли его влияние на развитие инвалидности в зависимости от иммуногенетического происхождения. Мы изучили вопрос о том, различаются ли связи между ожирением при диагностике и последующим развитием инвалидности в зависимости от HLA-A*02::01 Статус. МЕТОДЫ: Использование данных, полученных two Шведские исследования по вопросам контроля за конкретными ситуациями, включая 2117 лица с НР, продолжительность болезни ≤5 - годы обучения и доступная генотипизация ВУЗ

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… HLA-A*02:01 encodes a class I major histocompatibility complex molecule involved in CD8+ T-cell antigen presentation and antiviral immune responses, particularly those directed against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [ 25 , 26 ]. …

Улучшения в множественном склерозе.

Растет глобальная распространенность множественного склероза (MS), а ранняя диагностика и лечение имеют важное значение для смягчения последствий инвалидности. Несмотря на то, что в последнее время терапевтические достижения привели к значительному сокращению числа рецидивов, прогрессивные и дегенеративные аспекты НР по-прежнему создают серьезные проблемы. Обновление в этом году диагностических критериев McDonald направлено на повышение чувствительности и содействие более раннему использованию методов лечения асимптоматических заболеваний. Кроме того, новые биомаркеры получат развитие в клинич

Impact of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists on Pathophysiology of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric patients is a common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia. Various pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated in ITP pathogenesis, including the production of autoantibodies against components of platelets (PLTs) by B-cells, the activation of the complement system, phagocytosis by macrophages mediated by Fcγ receptors, the dysregulation of T cells, and reduced bone marrow megakaryopoiesis. ITP is commonly manifested with skin and mucosal bleeding, and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. In some ITP cases, the disease is self-limiting, and treatment is not

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… Macrophages present PLT antigens of the major histocompatibility complex class II to the T cell receptors of autoreactive T cells [ 54 ]. …

B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.

The first description of neuromyelitis optica by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault dates back to the 19th century, but only the discovery of aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a major subset of affected patients in 2004 led to a fundamentally revised disease concept: Neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are now considered autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, bringing the pivotal pathogenetic role of B cells and plasma cells into focus. Not long ago, there was no approved medication for this deleterious disease and off-label therapies were the only treatment options for affected patient

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… It was shown that the frequency of plasmablasts was temporarily elevated, peaking one week after infusion, while the frequency of interleukin-6 producing B cells and the expression of CD25, CD40, CD80 and major histocompatibility complex class II on B cells was decreased [ 94 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. …

Dermatologic Emergencies

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… Two predominant theories are that (1) a pharmacologic interaction occurs between the putative drug, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I, and the T cell receptor (TCR) leading to T cell activation, or (2) a “pro-hapten” phenomenon occurs. …

Analysis of SIRT1 Gene SNPs and Clinical Characteristics in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Certain genetic factors, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SIRT1 gene, have been linked to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study examined four SNPs in the SIRT1 gene and implemented multivariate statistical analysis to analyze genetic and clinical factors in MRONJ patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of 63 patients of European origin treated for MRONJ, and four SNP genotypes in the gene encoding the SIRT-1 protein were determined by Sanger sequencing. The allele frequencies measured in the MRONJ population were compare

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… Major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphisms are associated with the development of anti-resorptive agent-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw J. Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013 41 71 75 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.10.018 23218978 28. Li Q. Cheng J.C. Jiang Q. Lee W.Y. …

The Application of CAR-T Cells in Haematological Malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells (CART) remain one of the most advanced and promising forms of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. CART represent autologous, genetically engineered T lymphocytes expressing CAR, i.e. fusion proteins that combine components and features of T cells as well as antibodies providing their more effective and direct anti-tumour effect. The technology of CART construction is highly advanced in vitro and every element of their structure influence their mechanism of action in vivo. Patients with haematological malignancies are faced with the possibility of disease rela

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… In contrast with TCRs, CARs can recognize the antigen independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restrictions (Muhammad et al. 2017 ). … Abbrevations Chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T cell Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Multiple myeloma T-cell receptor Single-chain variable fragment Major histocompatibility complex Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif Interleukin …

Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Therapy against Gliomas.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive, malignant, and lethal brain tumor of the central nervous system. Its poor prognosis lies in its inefficient response to currently available treatments that consist of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recently, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a possible kind of cell therapy against glioblastoma is gaining great interest due to their immunomodulatory properties, tumor tropism, and differentiation into other cell types. However, MSCs seem to present both antitumor and pro-tumor properties depending on the tissue from which they c

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… The therapeutic interest in CAR-T cells focuses on their great ability to specifically target a tumor antigen and avoid the need for antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex. …

Local administration of mesenchymal stromal cells is safe and modulates the immune compartment in ulcerative proctitis.

BACKGROUNDDue to their immunoregulatory and tissue regenerative features, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising novel tool for the management of ulcerative proctitis (UP). Here we report on a phase IIa clinical study that evaluated the impact of local MSC therapy on UP.METHODSThirteen refractory UP patients, with an endoscopic Mayo score (EMS) of 2 or 3, were included. Seven patients received 20-40 million allogeneic MSCs (cohort 1), while 6 patients received 40-80 million MSCs (cohort 2). Adverse events (AEs) were assessed at baseline and on weeks 2, 6, 12, and 24. Clinical, endosc

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… MSCs exhibit low immunogenicity, displaying low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and an absence of MHC II and costimulatory molecules ( 17 , 18 ), and were therefore considered adequate candidates for allogeneic cell therapy, alleviating the need for the generation of autologous MSCs …

Combination Strategies to Optimize Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are essential for the activation of immune responses. In various malignancies, these immunostimulatory properties are exploited by DC-therapy, aiming at the induction of effective anti-tumor immunity by vaccination with ex vivo antigen-loaded DCs. Depending on the type of DC-therapy used, long-term clinical efficacy upon DC-therapy remains restricted to a proportion of patients, likely due to lack of immunogenicity of tumor cells, presence of a stromal compartment, and the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby leading t

PD-1 Pathway Inhibitors: Immuno-Oncology Agents for Restoring Antitumor Immune Responses.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are designed to restore a patient's own antitumor immune response that has been suppressed during tumor development. The first monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoint programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are now approved for clinical use. Both agents are indicated for the treatment of advanced melanoma, as well as for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab is also approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. In patients with melanoma, these agents result in objective response

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… MHC = major histocompatibility complex; TCR = T‐cell receptor. (Reprinted with permission from reference 13 .) Immune Checkpoints and the Role of PD‐1 in Cancer Immune checkpoints are cell surface receptors that, when bound to their cognate ligand, modulate immune responses. …

Oral manifestations and dental management in patients undergoing CAR-T cell therapy: a retrospective observational study.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a highly effective treatment for refractory and relapsed hematologic malignancies. Despite its clinical benefits, CAR-T therapy is associated with a unique toxicity profile, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and prolonged immunosuppression. Oral complications in this population remain underreported. This retrospective case series was aimed at describing oral manifestations and dental management in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy at a tertiary referral cente

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… These CAR-T cells are capable of targeting overexpressed surface antigens on tumor cells and become activated independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) recognition, ultimately resulting in tumor cell destruction [ 3 ]. …

Лучшие достижения года: Биотипные антитела на ранних линиях терапии в множестве миеломы.

После их введения в качестве терапии для сильного рефрактного множества миэломы, лица, занимающиеся диагностикой двух клеток, недавно получили исключительно глубокие и долговременные ответные реакции на ранние линии терапии, включая ранние данные о новых диагностированных болезнях. Сохраняется множество проблем, включая оптимальную обстановку и сочетание, смягчение токсичности и уточнение оптимальной продолжительности терапии.

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… Crosslinking of the CD3ε subunit and CD45 phosphatase spatial exclusion triggers T‐cell activation independent of native T‐cell receptor specificity and without reliance on major histocompatibility complex–mediated antigen presentation. …

Regulation of immunogenic cell death and potential applications in cancer therapy.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of regulatory cell death, plays an important role in activating the adaptive immune response. Activation of the tumor-specific immune response is accompanied by the cell surface exposure of calreticulin and heat-shock proteins, the secretion of adenosine triphosphate, and the release of high mobility group box-1. In this review, we summarize and classify the latest types of ICD inducers and their molecular mechanisms, and discuss the effects and potential applications of inducing ICD by chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and oncolytic viruses in clinical r

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… DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase (HDACs), proteasome inhibitors, and other epigenetic modulators can enhance the immune response by increasing the expression of antigens, co-stimulatory molecules, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. … histocompatibility complex I V-set domain-containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha stanniocalcin 1 reactive oxygen species Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inositol-requiring enzyme 1-α X-box protein 1 thio-pentamethine cyanine …

Preclinical and Virtual Models of Mucosal Melanoma: Bridging Translational Gaps in a Rare and Lethal Cancer.

Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare and lethal subtype of melanoma, disproportionately affecting Asian populations and exhibiting distinct clinicopathological and genetic features compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Often diagnosed at advanced stages, MM shows poor responses to conventional therapies, and no standardized treatment regimen currently exists. Progress in preclinical modeling, including cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), organoids (PDOs), and comparative animal models-has provided valuable tools for studying MM pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Yet these models rem

Prospects and Challenges of Lung Cancer Vaccines.

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have modestly improved patient survival, their overall efficacy remains limited, and the prognosis is generally poor. In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape mechanisms significantly restrict the clinical benefit, which falls short of expectations. Within this contex

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… Tumor antigens in the vaccine are captured and processed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which present them via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. … After internalization by endocytosis, nucleic acids escape the endosome and are translated into proteins, which are degraded by proteasomes and presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. …