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Metabolic and bariatric surgery reduces the risk of hematological cancer in individuals with obesity: a nationwide administrative data study in France.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the association between Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) and the risk of developing hematological cancers in individuals with obesity.Summary background dataEpidemiological evidence indicates that MBS is associated with a reduction in the risk of solid cancers in individuals with obesity while its effect against the risk of hematological cancer is less clear.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study comparing the risk to develop hematological cancer in individuals with a principal diagnosis of obesity with and without history of MBS that were extracted from t

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… Since the PMSI database covers a 10-year rolling period from 2014 to 2023, a 2-year history (2014–2015) was used to approximate the completeness of baseline risk factors, including prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy, HIV, Down syndrome, and combined immunodeficiency. … The analyzed covariates were: demographic: age, gender, obesity severity (stratified as follows in the PMSI database: BMI from 30 to 39.9 kg/m 2 , 40 to 50 kg/m 2 and >50 kg/m 2 ); risk factors for hematological cancers: history of previous chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy; HIV infection …

Human resources for cancer control in uttar pradesh, India: a case study for low and middle income countries.

For addressing the growing burden of cancer in low and middle income countries, an important first step is to estimate the human resources required for cancer control in a country, province, or city. However, few guidelines are available to decision makers in that regard. Here, we propose a methodology for estimating the human and other resources needed in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India as a case study. Information about the population of UP and its cities was obtained from http://citypopulation.de/. The number of new cancer cases annually for the commonest cancers was estimated from G

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… The minimum radiation therapy equipment requirements for every 1000 patients requiring radiation therapy are at least 1 for each of the following: megavoltage teletherapy unit (linac or cobalt), brachytherapy unit, CT Simulator, treatment planning computer system, and dosimetry/Quality Assurance package … Comparing the radiation oncology equipment needed to that available (Table 6 ) reveals that in UP, there is a shortage of 164 MV teletherapy units, 78 brachytherapy units, 84 CT simulators, 76 treatment planning computer systems, and 95 dosimetry/quality assurance packages. …

Conjunctival Melanoma: Current Treatments and Future Options.

Conjunctival melanoma is a rare tumor of the conjunctival epithelium with a heterogenous clinical presentation and a propensity for regional and distant metastatic spread. Guidelines for the treatment of local conjunctival melanoma are well-established, but there are no standard efficacious therapies for metastatic disease. Given that conjunctival melanoma is genetically similar to cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanomas, targeted therapies effective in the treatment of these diseases, such as BRAF inhibitors and KIT inhibitors, may be effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic co

Differences in disease presentation, treatment outcomes, and toxicities in African American patients treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed differences in disease presentation, outcomes, and toxicities between African American (AA) and White (W) men treated with definitive radiation therapy for their prostate cancer. METHODS: Three thousand one hundred eighty cases of prostate cancer treated with various radiation modalities at a single institution were reviewed. The cohort consisted of 92% W patients and 8% AA patients. Clinical and pathologic characteristics at presentation, treatment outcomes, and related toxicities were analyzed between the 2 groups. The median follow-up was 6.6 years (0.6 to 22.4 y).

An easy way to determine bone mineral density and predict pelvic insufficiency fractures in patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether bone mineral density (BMD) as measured in planning computed tomographies (CTs) by a new method is a risk factor for pelvic insufficiency fractures (PIF) after radio(chemo)therapy (R(C)T) for cervical cancer. METHODS: 62 patients with cervical cancer who received definitive or adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy between 2013 and 2017 were reviewed. The PIF were detected on follow-up magntic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI of the PIF patients was registered to the planning CT and the PIF contoured. On the contralateral side of the fracture, a 

Determining the extent of lateral neck dissection necessary to establish regional disease control and avoid reoperation after previous total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine for papillary thyroid cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients who underwent lateral neck dissection for fine-needle aspiration (FNA)-confirmed disease after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) to determine the appropriate extent of resection necessary to avoid reoperation. METHODS: This study was conducted with a retrospective review of medical charts of 100 consecutive patients. RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of initial lateral neck dissection specimens and 64% of reoperative lateral neck dissection specimens had more than 1 nodal level of involvement. The sensitivity and nega

Development of new hepaticoenteric collateral pathways after hepatic arterial skeletonization in preparation for yttrium-90 radioembolization.

PURPOSE: Development of new hepaticoenteric anastomotic vessels may occur after endovascular skeletonization of the hepatic artery. Left untreated, they can serve as pathways for nontarget radioembolization. The authors reviewed the incidence, anatomy, management, and significance of collateral vessel formation in patients undergoing radioembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-eight treatments performed on 122 patients were reviewed. Each patient underwent a preparatory digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) and embolization of all hepaticoenteric vessels in preparation for yttr

Cervical cancer: application of MR imaging in radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the planning of radiation therapy for patients with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging was performed in 15 patients with predominantly advanced cervical carcinomas. Skin markings of the radiation ports were labeled with MR-detectable tubing and beads to assess the adequacy of port placement. Volume and extent of tumor at MR imaging were compared with those at physical and computed tomographic (CT) examinations. RESULTS: Tumor involvement of normal structures (parametrium, vagina, endometrium) was more extensive at MR ima

Predictive value of serial measurements of quality of life on all-cause mortality in prostate cancer patients: data from CaPSURE (cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor) database.

IntroductionHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a legitimate construct for evaluating treatment and its side effects. Recently, predictive value of HRQOL on survival also has been of interest. In light of the longer survival in patients with prostate cancer and importance of quality of life, we seek to evaluate the association between HRQOL and survival using traditional and novel techniques.MethodsPatients from CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor) who were treated within 6 months of diagnosis and had pre-treatment and sufficient post-treatment follow-up

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… More than half of the patients underwent radical prostatectomy as an initial treatment (58%), with brachytherapy and external beam radiation constituting another third (22 and 11%, respectively), and the rest of treatments divided between cryosurgery and hormonal treatment. … A higher proportion of deceased was treated with hormonal treatment and external beam radiation (23.75 and 12.35%, respectively) with the remainder divided between brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of study population are reported in Table 1 . …

The factors affecting the survivability of malignant cancer patients with deep vein thrombosis among subjects with gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancer: An ambispective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Gynecologic cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide, with three of the top ten most common cancers affecting women. The increasing incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the disproportionately poor outcomes in cancer patients necessitates urgent intervention. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the survivability of cancer patients with DVT, especially among gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancers. METHODS: An ambispective cohort study was conducted among gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancer patients with DVT, from January 2011 until August 2013

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… They concluded that external beam radiation and brachytherapy were not shown to increase the risk of thromboembolic events. 61 , 62 Contradicting the results of a previous sub-analysis of prospective, multicentre, longitudinal Prospective Comparison of Methods for thromboembolic risk assessment with … Guy JB, Falk AT, Chargari C, et al. : Thromboembolic events following brachytherapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2015;1:76–78. 10.5114/jcb.2015.48580 65. …

Combined surgery and radiotherapy as curative treatment for tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a case report.

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea is a rare tumor, characterized by slow growth and low rate of local and distant metastasis. When achievable, complete surgical resection represents the optimal treatment approach, with the highest results in terms of overall survival. Radiation therapy is a reasonable alternative in cases of inoperable disease.Case presentationWe report a case of an 82-year-old white man affected by primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, treated with debulking surgery and radiotherapy on the residual disease. A three-dimensional conformal radiation th

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… Endotracheal brachytherapy can be used to give a boost on the primary tumor or to treat advanced stages with palliative intent [ 1 ]. In cases of inoperable disease, radiotherapy alone can reach a sufficient local control of the disease, but it does not give results comparable to those of surgery. … Bittner et al . [ 10 ] published a retrospective study in which 20 patients affected by ACC of the trachea were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy, six of these patients received boost by endobronchial brachytherapy. …

Estimating the risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancies in patients with T1/T2 prostate cancer undergoing diverse treatment modalities: A large population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with prostate cancer (PC) are at a high risk of developing secondary hematologic malignancies (SHMs) after radiation therapy (RT), while no study has assessed the relationship of different treatment modalities with the occurrence of SHMs after PC at early stage. This study aimed to investigate the risks of developing SHMs in patients with T1/T2 PC undergoing different treatment modalities. METHODS: Patients with T1/T2 PC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Competing risk regression (CRR) model was performed to evaluate the hazard

[Current status of treatment for early-stage invasive breast cancer].

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, with annually more than one million new patients diagnosed worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer has increased steadily in the developed countries over the past few decades, but the mortality caused by breast cancer has decreased in recent years, partly because of improved screening techniques, surgical and radiotherapy interventions, understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, and utilization of traditional chemotherapies in a more efficacious manner. One of the most exciting areas of improvement in the treatment of breast cancer is th

AI predictive modeling of survival outcomes for renal cancer patients undergoing targeted therapy.

Renal clear cell cancer (RCC) is a complex disease that is challenging to predict patient outcomes. Despite improvements with targeted therapy, personalized treatment planning is still needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help address this challenge by developing predictive models that accurately forecast patient survival periods. With AI-powered decision support, clinicians can provide patients with tailored treatment plans, enhancing treatment efficacy and quality of life. The study analyzed 267 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma, focusing on 26 who received targeted drug therapy.

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… Salehi M Deep learning-based non-rigid image registration for high-dose rate brachytherapy in inter-fraction cervical cancer J. Digit. Imaging 2023 36 2 574 587 10.1007/s10278-022-00732-6 36417026 PMC10039214 Salehi, M. et al. … Deep learning-based non-rigid image registration for high-dose rate brachytherapy in inter-fraction cervical cancer. J. Digit. Imaging . 36 (2), 574–587 (2023). 36417026 10.1007/s10278-022-00732-6 PMC10039214 37. Grosso, A. …

A Review on Curability of Cancers: More Efforts for Novel Therapeutic Options Are Needed.

Cancer remains a major cause of death globally. Given its relapsing and fatal features, curing cancer seems to be something hardly possible for the majority of patients. In view of the development in cancer therapies, this article summarizes currently available cancer therapeutics and cure potential by cancer type and stage at diagnosis, based on literature and database reviews. Currently common cancer therapeutics include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment with curative intent by these methods are mainly eligible for patients with loca

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… Brachytherapy was given directly or via a catheter implanting radioactive isotopes in or next to the cancer site, which produces high-energy radiation directly to the tumour [ 98 ]. … Brachytherapy: An overview for clinicians CA Cancer J. Clin. 2019 69 386 401 10.3322/caac.21578 31361333 99. Pouliot J. Beaulieu L. 13-Modern Principles of Brachytherapy Physics: From 2-D to 3-D to Dynamic Planning and Delivery Leibel and Phillips Textbook of Radiation Oncology 3rd ed. Hoppe R.T. …

Evolving role of biomaterials in diagnostic and therapeutic radiation oncology.

Radiation therapy to treat cancer has evolved significantly since the discovery of x-rays. Yet, radiation therapy still has room for improvement in reducing side effects and improving control of cancer. Safer and more effective delivery of radiation has led us to novel techniques and use of biomaterials. Biomaterials in combination with radiation and chemotherapy have started to appear in pre-clinical explorations and clinical applications, with many more on the horizon. Biomaterials have revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging, and now are being cultivated into the field of theranostic

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… Currently in clinical radiation oncology, biomaterials are mostly limited in use as removable radioactive implants for image-guided radiation therapy, markers and spacers in brachytherapy. … Fig. 3 Biomaterials such as a hydrogel spacer is shown placed between the prostate and rectum to reduce brachytherapy or external beam radiation therapy related radiation proctitis. …

'Nelfinavir sensitizes a clinically relevant chemo-radioresistant cervical cancer in-vitro model by targeting the AKT-USP15/USP11-HPV16 E6/E7 axis.

Resistance to standard therapies is a major challenge in managing cervical cancer, often leading to systemic relapse. This study aimed to develop an in-vitro model of chemo-radioresistant cervical cancer that mimics clinical conditions and also explore the therapeutic potential of the repurposed drug nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor. HPV16-positive SiHa cervical cancer cells were subjected to concurrent cisplatin and ionizing radiation, to simulate the clinical treatment regimen for locally advanced cervical cancer. The resulting chemo-radioresistant subline exhibited increased IC50-value

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… Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by brachytherapy is the standard treatment for LACC, resulting in a 5-year disease-free and overall survival rate of 50–55 % and 54 % respectively [ 4 ]. … Currently, a Phase III clinical trial is investigating nelfinavir's effects on AKT levels and disease-free survival in LACC patients undergoing CCRT and brachytherapy [ 51 ]. …

A Review of 3D-Printed Medical Devices for Cancer Radiation Therapy.

This review explores the transformative role of three-dimensional (3D) printing in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, emphasizing its potential to deliver patient-specific, cost-effective, and sustainable medical devices. The integration of 3D printing enables rapid fabrication of customized boluses, compensators, immobilization devices, and GRID collimators tailored to individual anatomical and clinical requirements. Comparative analysis reveals that additive manufacturing surpasses conventional machining in design flexibility, lead time reduction, and material efficiency, while offering

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… These include assurance phantoms (26%), brachytherapy applicators (20%), bolus (17%), preclinical animal irradiation (10%), compensators (7%), and immobilization devices (5%). … The creation of patient-specific templates and applicators has been made possible by the incorporation of 3D printing into brachytherapy. …

Case Report: Management of Primary Tracheobronchial Light Chain Amyloidosis in a Patient With Biclonal Gammopathy Using a Systemic Bortezomib-Based Regimen.

Primary tracheobronchial light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by the buildup of amyloid deposits in the airway mucosa. Although its treatment remains challenging, the current view is that the localized form can be treated conservatively due to its slow progression. While radiotherapy has proven effective in treating localized form of the disease, some patients do not respond to local treatment and continue to experience poor quality of life, highlighting the need to explore additional treatment strategies. In this report, we discuss a case of primary t

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… Endobronchial brachytherapy-a novel approach for the management of airway amyloidosis. Brachytherapy. (2018) 17:966–72. 10.1016/j.brachy.2018.07.006 29. Ren S, Ren G. External beam radiation therapy is safe and effective in treating primary pulmonary amyloidosis. …

Translating Data Science Results into Precision Oncology Decisions: A Mini Review.

While reviewing and discussing the potential of data science in oncology, we emphasize medical imaging and radiomics as the leading contextual frameworks to measure the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) developments. We envision some domains and research directions in which radiomics should become more significant in view of current barriers and limitations.

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… Successful implementation has been reported in the case of Low Dose Rate brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, where machine learning was able to find the best 3D pattern distribution of radioactive seeds to be implanted [ 47 ]. … Evaluation of a machine-learning algorithm for treatment planning in prostate low-dose-rate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy. 2017;16:S36–S37. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2017.04.049. 48. Wang C., Zhu X., Hong J., Zheng D. Artificial intelligence in radiotherapy treatment planning: Present and future. …