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Medical infrared thermal imaging of canine appendicular bone neoplasia.

BackgroundMedical infrared thermal imaging (MITI) is a noninvasive imaging modality used in veterinary medicine as a screening tool for musculoskeletal and neurological disease processes. An infrared camera measures the surface body heat and produces a color map that represents the heat distribution. Local trauma or disease can impair the autonomic nervous system, which leads to changes in the local dermal microcirculation and subsequent alteration of surface body heat. Disruption of autonomic flow to the cutaneous vasculature at deeper levels can also result in asymmetric thermographic result

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… Fig. 2 Thermographic regions of interests (ROI) of the left forelimb (LFL) and left hindlimb (LHL). The proximal, middle, and distal ROI are labeled as LFL1/LHL1, LFL2/LHL2, and LFL3/ LHL3, respectively. … Images were classified based on location (proximal- shoulder/pelvis; middle- elbow/stifle; distal- carpus/tarsus; full limb-forelimb/hindlimb) and view (cranial, caudal, medial, lateral) (Fig. 2 ). Images were preset to 8 °C with a 16-shade color map. …

Selective JAK2/ABL dual inhibition therapy effectively eliminates TKI-insensitive CML stem/progenitor cells.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common disorder in the elderly population. The diagnosis is based upon recognition of a clinical syndrome, consisting of pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle, muscle tenderness of the upper and lower limbs and nonspecific somatic complaints. In addition, in most cases the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration are highly elevated. Although PMR and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are commonly regarded as two clinical variations of the same disease, their clinical picture is quite different. Whilst in PMR the m

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… Expression studies in mice and chickens show that TBX4 is expressed in developing hindlimb but not forelimb buds, suggesting a potential role for this gene in regulating limb development and specification of limb identity (Dai et al. 2014 ; Menke et al. 2008 ). … However, another study which examined the possible correlation between hindfoot specific gene TBX4 and ICTEV concluded that (1) there was minimal evidence indicating an association between TBX4 and clubfoot; (2) no pathogenic sequence variants were identified in the two known TBX4 hindlimb enhancer elements …

Functional expression of smooth muscle-specific ion channels in TGF-β(1)-treated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) have the power to differentiate into various cell types including chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes, neurons, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells. We characterized the functional expression of ion channels after transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced differentiation of hASCs, providing insights into the differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The treatment of hASCs with TGF-β1 dramatically increased the contraction of a collagen-gel lattice and the expression levels of specific genes for smooth muscle including

Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит патогенез меняется в зависимости от возраста животных: воздействие выражения S100B.

Множественный склероз (MS) является основной провокационной и нетравматической причиной инвалидности среди молодых людей, при этом у пациентов среднего возраста часто появляются поздние МБ, что приводит к более слабому лечению и худшим прогнозам. Протеина S100B, связывающего кальций, выше у пациентов с сеток, и ее целевая направленность показала, что в экспериментальных моделях аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) она может снизить остроту заболеваний. Однако в большинстве исследований по патологии MS основное внимание уделяется моделям молодого животного, что оставляет пробел в понимании возде

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… On each of the 23 days following EAE-induction, mice were weighed and monitored for paralysis according to the standardized 5-point clinical scale as follows: limp tail – score 1; limp tail and weakness of the hindlimbs – score 2; limp tail and complete paralysis of the hindlimbs – score 3; limp tail … , complete hindlimb paralysis and partial forelimb paralysis – score 4; complete paralysis – score 5 (Berard et al. 2010 ). …

CXCL13 Повреждает позвоночник крови, поощряя RNF6/Sqstm1-Ubictiination.

Повреждение позвоночника крови (BSCB) приводит к нарушению иммунной микроокружающей среды в центральной нервной системе во время развития множественного склероза (MS) и экспериментального аллергического энцефаломиэлита (EAE). Тем не менее основные механизмы, связанные с повреждением барьера, по-прежнему недостаточно изучены. Здесь, анализируя белковые профили в периферической сыворотке крови, хемокин (C-X-C motif) Ligand 13 (CXCL13) был определен как возрастающий по мере развития MS и EAE. Отсутствие CXCL13 привело к снижению симптомов EAE, о чем свидетельствует сокращение числа клинических оц

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… Clinical assessment of EAE was performed daily as following criteria: 0, no clinical signs; 1, paralyzed tail; 2, paresis (weakness, incomplete paralysis of one or two hindlimbs); 3, paraplegia (complete paralysis of both hindlimbs); 4, paraplegia with forelimb weakness or paralysis; and 5, moribund …

Гипоксия в множестве склерозов.

Низкая доступность кислорода (гипоксии) является заметной, но плохо понимаемой особенностью множественного склероза (МС). Неизвестно, вызывает ли гипоксия патологию и симптомы MS или она является следствием других патологических явлений, таких, как воспаление и сосудистая дисфункция. Здесь мы резюмируем имеющуюся литературу о взаимосвязи между гипоксией и как патологическими, так и симптомными характеристиками MS. Острая экологическая гипоксия (т.е. высота) может вызвать или облегчить события, связанные с MS, возможно, путем усиления гипоксии тканей в центральной нервной системе. Соответственн

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… This leads to MS-like pathology, including inflammation, axonal demyelination and progressive hindlimb paralysis [ 39 ]. … Tokarska and colleagues recently observed pronounced benefits of a related intermittent hypoxia conditioning protocol (acute intermittent hypoxia) in EAE mice with high clinical EAE-scores (above 2, indicating substantial hindlimb paralysis) regarding clinical, histological and inflammation parameters …

Overinhibition of corticostriatal activity following prenatal cocaine exposure.

OBJECTIVE: Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) can cause persistent neuropsychological and motor abnormalities in affected children, but the physiological consequences of PCE remain unclear. Conclusions drawn from clinical studies can sometimes be confounded by polysubstance abuse and nutritional deprivation. However, existing observations suggest that cocaine exposure in utero, as in adults, increases synaptic dopamine and promotes enduring dopamine-dependent plasticity at striatal synapses, altering behaviors and basal ganglia function. METHODS: We used a combination of behavioral measures, ele

Effect of the specific proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on cancer-related muscle wasting.

BACKGROUND: Muscle wasting, a prominent feature of cancer cachexia, is mainly caused by sustained protein hypercatabolism. The enhanced muscle protein degradation rates rely on the activity of different proteolytic systems, although the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway and autophagy have been shown to play a pivotal role. Bortezomib is a potent reversible and selective proteasome and NF-κB inhibitor approved for the clinical use, which has been shown to be effective in preventing muscle wasting in different catabolic conditions. The aim of the present study h

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… wasting in different experimental catabolic conditions associated with proteasome hyperactivation such as burn injury, 29 denervation atrophy, 30 diaphragm weakness in COPD, 31 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 32 , 33 However, bortezomib has been shown to only partially attenuate muscle atrophy caused by hindlimb … Hindlimb casting decreases muscle mass in part by proteasome‐dependent proteolysis but independent of protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;289:E969–80. 35. Supinski GS, Vanags J, Callahan LA. Effect of proteasome inhibitors on endotoxin‐induced diaphragm dysfunction. …

Exosomes for angiogenesis induction in ischemic disorders.

Ischaemic disorders are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the current therapeutic approaches have improved life expectancy and quality of life, they are unable to "cure" ischemic diseases and instate regeneration of damaged tissues. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with an average size of 100-150 nm, secreted by many cell types and considered a potent factor of cells for paracrine effects. Since exosomes contain multiple bioactive components such as growth factors, molecular intermediates of different intracellular pathways, microRNAs and nucleic acids, t

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… Exosomes derived from induced vascular progenitor cells promote angiogenesis in vitro and in an in vivo rat hindlimb ischemia model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019;317:H765‐H776. 49. Chai Z‐T, Kong J, Zhu X‐D, et al. … Macrophage M2 polarization induced by exosomes from adipose‐derived stem cells contributes to the exosomal proangiogenic effect on mouse ischemic hindlimb. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11:162. 107. Soni N, Gupta S, Rawat S, et al. …

Bone Loss, Osteoporosis, and Skeletal Fragility: Hidden Consequences of Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating, multi-organ syndrome historically defined by the progressive wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, emerging evidence suggests that the skeletal system is also a major, yet underappreciated target of this catabolic state. While bone loss in oncology is primarily attributed to skeletal metastasis or cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), clinical and preclinical data has increasingly demonstrated that tumor and host-derived systemic signals can drive severe bone deterioration even in non-metastatic disease. This review synthesizes cur

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… .; 2013 [ 81 ] | LLC (Hindlimb) | Male | 8-week-old mice | 21 or 25 days | Yes | Yes (at 25 days) | Yes (at 25 days) | Yes | nd | First evidence of bone loss in cancer cachexia Berent et al.; 2020 [ 82 ] | LLC (s.c.) | Female and Mela | 7-week-old mice | 21 days | nd | nd | nd | Yes | Yes | Male mice … Using a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model in which tumor cells were injected into the hindlimb muscle of 8-week-old male mice, the authors demonstrated that LLC growth, associated with reduced fat and lean mass, also caused decreased BMD [ 81 ]. …

Нейроинфламмация вызывает митральную дисфункцию клеток и обонятельное расстройство в множественной склерозовой модели.

Олокационная дисфункция является недооцененным симптомом множественного склероза (МС). Здесь мы изучили патогенные механизмы, лежащие в основе вызванной воспалением дисфункции обонятельной луковицы, используя животную модель MS, экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE). Результаты: Сокращенная обонятельная функция в EAE была связана с дегенерацией короткоаксоновых нейронов, незрелых нейронов, а также как митральных, так и тушёных клеток наряду с их синаптическим взаимодействием и аксонным репертуаром. Чтобы расчленить механизмы, лежащие в основе восприимчивости митральных клеток, гл

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… To control for potential impacts of sickness behavior or hindlimb paralysis in EAE mice on the odor discrimination test, we performed three trials in a cage with two holes at two opposite walls where an odor could be presented. No odor (control condition) was present at both holes during trial 1. … As rearing requires that mice stand on their hindlimb, motor deficits could have impacted this behavior. EAE impairs olfaction during the early and chronic phases of the disease. A Study design of two different behavioral olfactory tests. …

Механизмы расследования, лежащие в основе развития симптома паралича в модели MS.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное нейродегенеративное расстройство, при котором около 80% пациентов страдают от боли и 50% — от паралича. Используя модель грызунов для MS, экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE), исследователи в основном изучают паралич/моторные заболевания как клинический симптом EAE с меньшим количеством изучения боли MS/EAE. Однако в EAE все мыши испытывают боль как фенотип и только подмножество прогрессирует к параличу. Несмотря на обширные исследования, характеризующие патологию заболеваний, этиология, которая способствует диапазону боли и симптомов мо

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… EAE symptoms manifests as ascending paralysis characterized predominately by unilateral hindlimb paralysis. Despite the onset of partial paralysis in mice, a noticeable level of reactivity to stimuli persists while evaluating mechanical hypersensitivity. …

The Effect of Perioperative Radiation Therapy on Spinal Bone Fusion Following Spine Tumor Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative irradiation is often combined with spine tumor surgery. Radiation is known to be detrimental to healing process of bone fusion. We tried to investigate bone fusion rate in spine tumor surgery cases with perioperative radiation therapy (RT) and to analyze significant factors affecting successful bone fusion. METHODS: Study cohort was 33 patients who underwent spinal tumor resection and bone graft surgery combined with perioperative RT. Their medical records and radiological data were analyzed retrospectively. The analyzed factors were surgical approach, location of

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… Re-assessment of chronic radio-induced tissue damage in a rat hindlimb model. Exp Ther Med. 2010;1:553–560. doi: 10.3892/etm_00000087. 19. Poffyn B, Sys G, Mulliez A, Van Maele G, Van Hoorebeke L, Forsyth R, et al. …

Breast cancer cells induce osteolytic bone lesions in vivo through a reduction in osteoblast activity in mice.

Bone metastases are severely debilitating and have a significant impact on the quality of life of women with metastatic breast cancer. Treatment options are limited and in order to develop more targeted therapies, improved understanding of the complex mechanisms that lead to bone lesion development are warranted. Interestingly, whilst prostate-derived bone metastases are characterised by mixed or osteoblastic lesions, breast-derived bone metastases are characterised by osteolytic lesions, suggesting unique regulatory patterns. This study aimed to measure the changes in bone formation and bone

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… All mice were euthanized by carbon dioxide overdose and the left and right hindlimb of each animal was imaged using the Kodak Image Station: in vivo FX (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY, USA) to determine whether radiographically visible lesions had formed. … Lateral projection of mouse hindlimb demonstrating establishment of an osteolytic tumour lesion at 18 days (A) and 36 days (B-D) post-injection with PBS (control: B) or MDA-MB-231 cells (C and D). White circle in C, area with increased bone loss, only seen in 33% of animals at 36 days. …

Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects.

With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, th

Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит вызывает мышечную дисфункцию мышей.

Множественный склероз (MS) — нервно-воспалительное заболевание мозга и спинного мозга, характеризующееся обезвоживанием, нейродегенерацией и хроническим воспалением. Более 90% людей с MS имеют периферийные мышечные дисфункции и постепенное снижение мобильности. Текущее лечение смягчает подстрекательские процессы, но не предотвращает прогрессирование заболеваний. В связи с этим сохраняется неудовлетворенная потребность в новых и/или дополнительных терапевтических подходах, которые конкретно улучшают мышечно-функциональное функционирование этого пациента. Разработка новых методов лечения скелетн

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… Mice displaying hindlimb paralysis and forelimbs paraparesis were scored with 4 and met termination criteria. On day 31 post disease induction, muscle fatigability of the left leg was measured. …

R-spondin signaling as a pivotal regulator of tissue development and homeostasis.

R-spondins (Rspos) are cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins which control a variety of cellular functions and are essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. R-spondins (Rspo1 to 4) have high structural similarity and share 60% sequence homology. It has been shown that their cysteine-rich furin-like (FU) domain and the thrombospondin (TSP) type I repeat domain are essential for initiating downstream signaling cascades and therefore for their biological functions. Although numerous studies have unveiled their pivotal role as critical developmental regulators, the most important

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… Not only Footless, but also Rspo2-deficient mice exhibit hindlimb development defects, lung hypoplasia and branching defects and died immediately after birth due to respiratory failure [59] , [60] , [61] , [63] , [64] . … Mouse R-spondin2 is required for apical ectodermal ridge maintenance in the hindlimb. Dev Biol. 2007;311(1):124–135. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.08.023. 60. Aoki M., Kiyonari H., Nakamura H., Okamoto H. …

Расширенный полиглутамин в ATAXIN1 приводит к потере функции, которая усугубляет остроту множественного склероза в модели мыши EAE.

Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) — белок, в котором расширение его полиглутаминового тракта вызывает нервно-дегенеративное расстройство спинномозговой системы 1 (SCA1) в результате повышения функциональности. Недавно было продемонстрировано, что АТXN1 дикая порода играет защитную роль в регулировании жесткости экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE) — хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя модели мыши для мультиклероза (MS). В этом исследовании дополнительно изучается роль ATXN1 с расширенным полиглутаминым трактом в контексте MS с использованием модели мыши EAE.МЕТОДЫ: Гемизиговые атксны1 (Atxn1 2Q/-)

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… Clinical scores (0 = healthy, 0.5 = tail shows slight limpness, 1 = flaccid tail, 1.5 = weak hind limbs, 2 = ataxia paresis of hind limbs with abnormal gait, 2.2 = wedge gait duck walk, 2.3 = leg paresis/drag one leg, 2.5 = paralysis of one leg, 2.8 = drag one leg, paralysis another leg, 3 = paralysis of hindlimbs …

The Synthetic Collagen-Binding Peptide NIPEP-OSS Delays Mouse Myeloma Progression.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. It is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, the presence of monoclonal serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic lesions. An increasing amount of evidence shows that the interactions of MM cells and the bone microenvironment play a significant role, suggesting that these interactions may be good targets for therapy. The osteopontin-derived collagen-binding motif-bearing peptide NIPEP-OSS stimulates biomineralization and enhances bone remodeling dynamics. Due

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… Since the mice died on variable days during the trials, a mouse was sacrificed when it met the endpoint criteria, such as hindlimb paralysis, body weight loss (>20%), significant high-BL signals in the whole body, or a body condition score of <2. The mice were sacrificed according to our protocol. …

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… paraparesis [ par″ -p -re′sis ] weakness or partial paralysis of the hindlimbs. Commonly used to denote an unsteady or ataxic hindlimb gait. … paraplegia [ par″ -ple′j ] paralysis of the hindlimb and, in some cases, the posterior part of the body caudal to the last cervical vertebrae. The paralysis may be acute in onset as in fracture of a lumbar vertebra, or gradual; it may be spastic or flaccid. …