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Pharmacological Strategies for Mitigating Cytarabine-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity: A Scoping Review on Mechanisms, Efficacy and Clinical Implications.

BACKGROUND: Cytarabine (Ara-C) remains the cornerstone of remission-induction and consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related hematological malignancies. Despite more than six decades of clinical use, its multi-organ toxicity continues to be managed almost exclusively through dose attenuation and supportive care, with no approved upstream pharmacological prevention strategy available. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to systematically map the breadth and nature of pharmacological agents tested in vivo for their capacity to mitigate cytarabine-induced multi-org

Pulmonary Hypertension in an Oncologic Intensive Care Unit

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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone cancer that is derived from primitive mesenchymal cells typically affecting children and young adults. The current standard of treatment is a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection of the cancerous bone. Post-resection challenges in bone regeneration arise. To determine the appropriate amount of bone to be removed, preoperative imaging techniques such as bone and CT scans are employed. To prevent local recurrence, the current standard of care suggests maintaining bony and soft tissue margins from 3 to 7 cm beyond the tumor. The amount

Posttransplant complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Posttransplantation complications pose a major challenge to the long-term survival and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. These complications encompass immune-mediated complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and malignancies, with each type influenced by various risk factors and pathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying posttransplantation complications involve a complex interplay of immunological, metabolic, and oncogenic processes, including innate and adaptive immune activation, immunosuppressant side effects, and viral reactivation.

The role of CD8+ T cells in the immunoregulation of osteoporosis.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis weakens the skeleton by lowering bone mass and damaging bone microarchitecture. A growing body of evidence points to disruptions in osteoimmune homeostasis as a key driver of this disease. In particular, apoptosis of bone cells and immune cells appears to be a critical contributing mechanism. Within the bone marrow, CD8+ T cells display a surprising functional duality: whether they protect bone or promote its loss depends heavily on local signals. Under healthy conditions or after mechanical loading, activated CD8+ T cells help maintain bone mass. They do so mainly b

Late Breaking Orals.

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Резюме книги: ISEV2017.

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Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix.

Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic thr

The Role of the CCR5 Receptor in Neuropathic Pain Modulation: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications.

Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition arising from injury or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, is characterized by persistent hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain. The chemokine receptor CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) has recently been identified as a critical mediator in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain signaling pathways. Expressed on immune cells and neurons, CCR5 regulates immune cell recruitment and activation, thereby contributing to neuronal sensitization and maintenance of pain states. This review examines the currently characterized molecular mechanisms th

Revolutionizing in vivo therapy with CRISPR/Cas genome editing: breakthroughs, opportunities and challenges.

Genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering, offering unprecedented opportunities for therapeutic applications in vivo. Despite the numerous ongoing clinical trials focusing on ex vivo genome editing, recent studies emphasize the therapeutic promise of in vivo gene editing using CRISPR/Cas technology. However, it is worth noting that the complete attainment of the inherent capabilities of in vivo therapy in humans is yet to be accomplished. Before the full realization of in vivo therapeutic potential, it is crucial to achieve enhanced specific

MTAP-Null Tumors: A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Vulnerabilities and Therapeutic Strategies.

Homozygous deletion of the 9p21.3 genomic locus spanning the CDKN2A/B and MTAP genes is an event affecting 15% of cancers. While CDKN2A is a well-established tumor suppressor gene, the role of MTAP in tumorigenesis varies across cancer types. MTAP codes for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, a key enzyme in the methionine salvage pathway, and its loss has been associated with several downstream synthetic vulnerabilities. Despite multiple efforts to exploit MTAP loss for targeted therapies, none of these efforts have yielded substantial results in clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate

Emerging Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: From Targeted Molecules to Immunomodulatory Breakthroughs and Cell-Based Approaches.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitating urgent advancements in therapeutic approaches. The emergence of groundbreaking therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapies, oncolytic viruses, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a transformative era in oncology. These innovative modalities, tailored to individual genetic and molecular profiles, hold the promise of significantly enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the latest clinical trials and advancements, encompassing targe

Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease. It causes persistent joint inflammation, aberrant tissue growth, and progressive joint deterioration. T cells have a key role in the onset of RA. They identify and trigger other immune cells, and produce inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Prolonged inflammation and tissue damage are caused by an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Additionally, the condition is exacerbated by uncontrolled cytokine netwo

Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes?

Patients with metastatic cancers often require radiotherapy (RT) as a palliative therapy for cancer pain. RT can, however, also induce systemic antitumor effects outside of the irradiated field (abscopal effects) in various cancer entities. The occurrence of the abscopal effect is associated with a specific immunological activation in response to RT-induced cell death, which is mainly seen under concomitant immune checkpoint blockade. Even if the number of reported apscopal effects has increased since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition, its occurrence is still considered rare and

Взаимодействие между TH17 и центральной нервной системой в множестве склерозов.

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… In contrast to the cytokines that promote Th17 cell differentiation, several cytokines have inhibitory effects on this process, including IL-2, IL-3, IL-19, IL-24, and interferon-beta (IFN-β). IL-2 can inhibit Th17 cell differentiation by the activation of STAT5 in vitro. …

Cardiotoxicity of Biological Therapies in Cancer Patients: An In-depth Review.

Cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy regimens has been long reported. However, the understanding of cardiac side effects of biological therapies is rapidly evolving. With cancer patients achieving higher life expectancy due to the use of personalized medicine and novel targeted anticancer agents, the occurrence of cardiotoxicity is becoming more significant. Novel biological therapies include anti-HER2 antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bruton kinase inhibitors, antivascular endothelial growth factors, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulator drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Potential c

34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019): part 1 : National Harbor, MD, USA. 6-10 November 2019.

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Recent advances in anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer.

Since angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis, anti-angiogenic treatment is a highly promising therapeutic approach. Thus, for over last couple of decades, there has been a robust activity aimed towards the discovery of angiogenesis inhibitors. More than forty anti-angiogenic drugs are being tested in clinical trials all over the world. This review discusses agents that have approved by the FDA and are currently in use for treating patients either as single-agents or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

Терапевтический потенциал зубных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в сравнении с мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками из других источников: систематический обзор исследований животных.

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ терапия на основе стволовых клеток, являющаяся одной из важнейших областей регенеративной медицины, направлена на совершенствование механизмов ремонта тела (d) путем стимулирования, модуляции и регулирования внутренних стволовых клеток или пополнения пулов клеток, способствуя тем самым развитию гомеостаза и регенерации тканей и предлагая перспективное лечение многочисленных системных заболеваний. В настоящем систематическом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющее резюме исследований животных, в ходе которых изучается эффективность зубоврачебных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (НКЦ) в лечен

Engagement of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Remodeling of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Hematological Cancers.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of heterogeneous, non-hematopoietic fibroblast-like cells which play important roles in tissue repair, inflammation, and immune modulation. MSCs residing in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) functionally interact with hematopoietic stem progenitor cells regulating hematopoiesis. However, MSCs have also emerged in recent years as key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, they are now considered active players in the pathophysiology of hematologic malignancies rather than passive bystanders in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Onc