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Clinical and demographic factors affecting disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) evolves over many years. Its prognosis is highly variable among affected individuals, i.e. while some suffer from early severe disabilities, others remain ambulatory and functional for many years. We used Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and the new classification for MS severity Herbert et al. introduced in 2006 according to MSSS, to investigate some clinical and demographic factors as potential indicators of disease severity in in MS. METHODS: During a six-month period, patients with definite MS according to the revised McDo…

Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with multiple sclerosis in the postpartum setting.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are predisposed to thyroid abnormalities, but the risk for pregnancy-related thyroid pathology among MS patients has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research are to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among MS patients in relation to pregnancy, and to investigate its impact on pregnancy outcome, postpartum depression and fatigue. METHODS: Forty-six pregnant MS patients underwent repeat testing for serum thyroid antibodies (Abs), clinical evaluation and thyroid hormone measurement. Results were compa…

Последние достижения в лечении множественного склероза: эффективность, риски и место в терапии.

Разработка новых фармакологических агентов для лечения множественных склерозов (МС) и прогресс в области тестирования на воздействие вируса ОК привели к изменениям в лечении НР. Кроме того, несколько новых агентов находятся на поздней стадии разработки НР, и их выход на рынок обеспечит дополнительные варианты обработки. В 2012 году и в начале 2013 года как terifunomide, так и BG-12 будут, по всей вероятности, утверждены Администрацией Соединенных Штатов по контролю за продуктами питания и лекарственными препаратами (DFA) для лечения повторных форм MS. Терапевтическая среда уже изменилась и в б

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The development of new pharmacologic agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and advances in testing for exposure to the JC virus have led to changes in the treatment of MS. In addition several new agents are in late stage development for MS and their entry onto the market will provide additional treatment options. In 2012 and in early 2013, it i…

Natalizumab: a review of its use in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Natalizumab (Tysabri®) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the α4 chain of integrins and was the first targeted therapy to be approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Natalizumab acts as a selective adhesion molecule antagonist, which binds very late antigen (VLA)-4 and inhibits the translocation of activated VLA-4-expressing leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. In a pivotal phase III clinical trial, natalizumab 300 mg intravenously every 4 weeks for 2 years in adults with RRMS significantly reduced the annualized relapse rate and t…

Immunological and clinical consequences of splenectomy in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with natalizumab.

OBJECTIVE: Here we report a case of a splenectomized white woman with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML … ge of CD19+ B cells was elevated in our post-splenectomy patient as compared to a control cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients under natalizumab therapy. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy may increase the risk for the development of natalizumab-associated PML via effects on the B cell compartment. It may be regarded as a risk factor in MS patients independent from the …

Cognitive impairment in neuro-Behcet's disease and multiple sclerosis: a comparative study.

Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) can cause a cognitive dysfunction mainly involving the executive functions. We conducted this study to clarify the probable differential cognitive/behavioral profiles of MS and NBD. Twenty consecutive cases with parenchymal NBD (13 male, seven female), and 20 cases with MS (five male, 15 female) were evaluated. Both groups had a thorough neurological examination; an evaluation for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and Beck's Depression Scale; and a detailed neuropsychological ev…

The role of Acinetobacter in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis examined by using Popper sequences.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder. The role of 'Acinetobacter' has been examined using the method of Karl Popper and involves nine "Popper sequences". (1) The frequency of MS increases with latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, and the reverse is found in the Southern Hemisphere. (2) Sinusitis is found frequently at colder latitudes. (3) Sinusitis occurs frequently in patients with MS. (4) Specific sequences of bovine myelin when injected into experimental animals will produce a neurological disorder resembling MS which is called "experimental allergic encephalomye…

The development of myelin repair agents for treatment of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder which affects the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis treatment has traditionally focused on preventing inflammatory damage to the myelin sheath. Indeed, all currently available disease modifying agents are immunomodulators. However, the limitations of this approach are becoming increasingly clear, leading to the exploration of other potential therapeutic strategies. In particular, targeting the endogenous remyelination system to promote replacement of the lost myelin sheath has shown much promise. As our understanding of…

Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica patients.

The present study aimed to compare the 2-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis pattern of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and control individuals, to identify the proteins with differential expression and to examine their significance. CSF samples from the three groups were collected and total protein was isolated and quantified using the Bradford method. 2D electrophoresis of the samples was conducted using equal amounts of CSF. In the CSF 2D gel electrophoresis map, 118 points were obtained from the MS group, 155 points from the NMO group and 3…

Gender effect on neurodegeneration and myelin markers in an animal model for multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) varies considerably in its incidence and progression in females and males. In spite of clinical evidence, relatively few studies have explored molecular mechanisms possibly involved in gender-related differences. The present study describes possible cellular- and molecular-involved markers which are differentially regulated in male and female rats and result in gender-dependent EAE evolution and progression. Attention was focused on markers of myelination (MBP and PDGFαR) and neuronal distress and/or damage (GABA synthesis enzymes, GAD65 and GAD67, NGF, BDNF…

Rectus abdominis muscle endometriotic mass in a woman affected by multiple sclerosis.

We report a case of a rectus abdominis muscle endometriotic mass in a woman affected by multiple sclerosis. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is poorly understood but an immune system alteration could play a role in its onset and development. To date few studies have investigated the connection between autoimmune diseases and endometriosis. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. An autoimmune background might contribute both in the establishment of extrapelvic endometriotic lesions and in the possible increased risk of women with…

Meningeal inflammation plays a role in the pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

The primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis is characterized by accrual of neurological dysfunction from disease onset without remission and it is still a matter of debate whether this disease course results from different pathogenetic mechanisms compared with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Inflammation in the leptomeninges has been identified as a key feature of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and may contribute to the extensive cortical pathology that accompanies progressive disease. Our aim was to investigate the extent of perivascular and meningeal inflammation i…

Immunoadsorption therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis with steroid-refractory optical neuritis.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis relapses refractory to intravenous corticosteroid therapy, plasma exchange is recommended. Immunoadsorption (IA) is regarded as an alternative therapy, but its efficacy and putative mechanism of action still needs to be established. METHODS: We prospectively treated 11 patients with multiple sclerosis who had optical neuritis and fulfilled the indications for apheresis therapy (Trial registration DE/CA25/00007080-00). In total, five IA treatments were performed using tryptophan-IA. Clinical activity (visual acuity, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Incapacity…

[A retrospective study of patients with early onset of multiple sclerosis in Omskaya Oblast].

To study the features of multiple sclerosis (MS) with child age-at-onset, we examined 254 patients with confirmed diagnosis of MS. The disease developed at the age younger than 16 years in 27 patients. A control group included 303 healthy volunteers. Correlations between the rate of disease progression and the age-at-onset were found. The more benign course of MS was noted in patients with earlier disease onset. There were more women and the disease frequently manifested with retrobulbar nephritis in the group with early onset. The results indicated that a G allele of -308G/A polymorphism of t…

The use of fourth-generation optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a review.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been routinely used to obtain high spatial resolution images of the retina and choroid non-invasively. Within the past decade, a fourth-generation OCT device using Fourier domain (FD) analysis has been developed that provides higher velocity and higher axial resolution images with better reproducibility than the previous generation time domain (TD) OCT technology. This review addresses the use of fourth-generation, FD ocular OCT in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Late-onset clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in a patient with comorbid multiple sclerosis.

The risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is highest in the initial 6 months after onset of treatment. There have been very few reports of neutropenia and agranulocytosis after this period. We report a unique case of delayed clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in a patient with preexisting multiple sclerosis (MS) which was treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Both MS and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis have an underlying autoimmune immune mechanism. This case highlights the need for frequent blood count monitoring on clozapine even after the initial 6 months of starting trea…

Foot placement patterns of female rollator users with multiple sclerosis in the community.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between medio-lateral foot placement characteristics and environmental context when individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) walk with a rollator (four-wheeled walker). METHOD: Ten women diagnosed with MS, who used rollators regularly, participated in this study. First, a rollator-based technique of calculating step width (SW) was validated in this patient population by comparing the output of an instrumented rollator (iWalker) to a laboratory-based Vicon Motion Capture System. Secondly, the iWalker-based technique was u…

Seizure localization in patients with multiple tubers: presurgical evaluation in tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder. Epileptic seizure is the most common neurological symptom. Medically intractable epilepsy in these patients is candidates of epilepsy surgery. We report two cases of TSC with ictal electroencephalography (EEG) arising from right temporal lobe who underwent video-EEG monitoring. Two of these patients were first diagnosed with TSC at age 30 and 23 years old, partly because of their mild accompanying symptoms other than epileptic seizures. Case 1 had a long history of epilepsy since three years old. Although she had multiple cort

Unusual side effects of interferon Beta-1a in patient with multiple sclerosis.

This is a descriptive case report of a 30-year-old man with massive epistaxis, echymosis on arms, abnormal CBC and increased plasma urea and creatinine level (i.e. above normal range). Probably, these are as side effects of interferon beta-1a injection. This is the first report according to our literature search (Pub Med, Google scholar, ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, MD consult, Science Direct, and SCOPUS) about interferon beta-1a related abnormal kidney function tests hereafter. Abnormal kidney function tests (i.e. increased plasma urea and creatinie level) is not a known as side effect of

Iron content of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus is increased in adolescent multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to assess abnormal phase values, indicative of increased iron content, using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)-filtered phase of the subcortical deep gray matter (SDGM) in adolescent multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological disorders (OND) patients, and in healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Twenty adolescent MS and eight adolescent OND patients and 21 age- and sex-matched HC were scanned on a 3T GE scanner. Mean phase of abnormal phase tissue (MP-APT), MP-APT volume, normal phase tissue volume (NPTV) and normalized volume measurements were obta…