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Comprehensive insights into bitter compounds of food and medicine homologous substances: categorization, identification, and perception mechanisms.

Bitterness in food and medicine homology (FMH) products is crucial for both biological activity and consumer acceptance. However, the rigorous identification of bitter compounds and the underlying perception mechanisms have not been comprehensively evaluated. This review aimed to classify FMH into plan, fungal, and animal-derived sources, analyze the methods used for isolating and identifying bitter compounds, the mechanisms underlying bitter taste perception. Major bitter compounds include amino acids, peptides, polyphenols, alkaloids, and inorganic salts. Although traditional extraction meth…

Perception-reality gap profiles in robot-assisted gynecologic surgery: implications for preoperative counseling among Chinese women.

Robot-assisted gynecologic surgery (RAGS) is increasingly used in China, but public understanding of its value relative to conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) may diverge from clinical evidence. This divergence may affect women's behavioral intention toward RAGS and create challenges for preoperative counseling. This study combined survey data from 546 Chinese adult women with a procedure-specific institutional benchmark derived from 536 radical hysterectomy cases at a tertiary hospital. Perception-reality gap (PRG) were then constructed for six perioperative outcomes, including postoperati…

Social capital and career choices among rural Chinese youth: The mediating role of social mobility perception.

BACKGROUND: In the digital age, the influence of social capital on youth employment has grown increasingly intricate, with the mechanisms of online and offline social capital, particularly for vulnerable groups like rural youth in China, remaining underexplored. AIMS: This study investigated the association of social capital with rural Chinese youth's career choices and explored the mediating role of social mobility perception. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey, including 489 rural youth. Social mobility perception was measured by MacArthur Scale of Subj…

Thermodynamic and structural insights into sodium caseinate - Quinine binding interactions and their effect on bitterness perception.

Bitter-tasting phytochemicals and pharmaceuticals often trigger aversive responses, limiting intake of nutritious foods and compliance with oral medications. This study investigated quinine binding by sodium caseinate (NaCas), testing the hypothesis that favorable protein-quinine binding can reduce bitterness perception. Unbound quinine in 0-5% w/w NaCas solutions was quantified using fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing a logarithmic decrease in free quinine with increasing protein (to 3.4% at 5% NaCas) and Stern-Volmer analysis indicated a strong binding affinity (quenching rate constant = 3…

Structural and functional atypicality in the temporal cortex are associated with auditory perception in maltreated children.

Child maltreatment adversely affects brain development, resulting in vulnerabilities in brain structure and function connectivity, as well a … . This case-control study focused on the left middle temporal gyrus (L.MTG), a key region in speech perception, and its connectivity with the right temporal pole (R.TP). Additionally, the study analyzed the relationship between these neural alterations and auditory thresholds at pivotal frequencies relevant to speech perception and measures of speech recepti …

Perception, Synaptic Plasticity, and Spiking Neuron Function Enabled by a 2D Ferroelectric NbOBr2 for Neuromorphic Vision.

2D ferroelectrics integrate electrically tunable polarization dynamics with anisotropic light-matter interaction, providing a unified platfo … multifunctionality of a 2D ferroelectric can be harnessed to create compact, biologically plausible perception-computation hardware for high-performance neuromorphic vision.

Effects and perception of intensive exergaming training on upper limb functions after stroke: mixed method study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects and perception of intensive exergaming training on upper limb motor functions in subacute stroke patients. METHODS: This one-year interventional mixed-methods study was conducted at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi, using a sequential quantitative-qualitative design. In the quantitative phase, 42 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups - experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 21). The experimental group received Xbox 360 Kinect-based exergaming, in conjunction with task-oriented training five sessions per week for 6 wee…

Illness Perception, Emotional Distress, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Mediation Study.

Alopecia Areata (AA) is a chronic disorder with significant psychological impact due to its unpredictability. While emotional distress (ED) is well-recognized in AA, the interplay between illness perception (IP) and obsessive-compulsive (OCD) symptomatology remains underexplored. This -sectional, observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OCD symptoms and ED in AA outpatients, analyzed the relationship between IP and OCD symptomatology. One-hundred-thirty-five AA outpatients, from a specialized Hospital in Rome, Italy, were recruited. Participants completed the DASS-21 for ED, …

Does Perception Match Reality? Clinical Performance of the Percent of Normal Rating for Sport-Related Concussion.

CONTEXT: The percent of normal (PoN) rating is included in the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6) and used in concussion care, but clinicians lack empirical guidance on how to interpret this value. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of the PoN rating to discriminate athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) from healthy controls and measure perceived recovery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Specialty clinic and research registry. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Athletes within 3 to 30 days of SRC and healthy controls aged 13 to 29 years. INTERVENTIONS: Parti

Color Perception in Patients with Schizophreniza and Their Healthy First-degree Relatives: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Endophenotypic markers are an important area of study for a better understanding of the biological basis of disorders such as schizophrenia. Our study evaluated color vision as a potential endophenotypic marker in schizophrenia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center with 39 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 39 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs). After screening for ocular disorders and color blindness, all participants underwent the Farnsworth-Munsell D-100 test for color perception, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a symptom s…

Community awareness, perception, and preventive practices towards rabies in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Rabies is a major global public health problem, with case fatality rate approaching 100% once clinical symptoms appear, causing severe neurological complications and significant social and economic burdens. Ethiopia bears a high burden of rabies, with the disease remaining endemic and contributing to considerable vaccine-preventable deaths, largely due to low community awareness, inadequate preventive practices, and limited access to timely post-exposure prophylaxis. Although studies have examined community knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding rabies in Ethiopia

Effectiveness of an educational intervention in enhancing parents' knowledge, perception, and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, largely caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine has been proven to effectively reduce HPV infection rates and cervical cancer risk, making vaccination a crucial preventive measure. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving parents' knowledge, perception, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine. METHODS: A pre-post research study was conducted in 2024 involving 140 parents in a specialized hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The intervent…

3D printing parameters for high-relief tactile 2D images: enhancing perception for users with visual impairment.

PURPOSE: This research aimed to investigate the perception of visually impaired individuals regarding high-relief tactile 2D images produced by 3D printing, in order to identify design parameters (contour line height, line width and texture density) that optimize tactile comprehension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was developed and applied to 28 participants with visual impairments. Tasks were designed based on skills whose foundations are needed and used in daily life, such as scanning, tactile discrimination, icon/object comprehension and copy finding. The tactile images were produc…

A cross-sectional study on illness perception and resiliency among cancer patients, in Bhaktapur cancer hospital.

Cancer, characterized by uncontrollable abnormal cell growth, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the WHO, cancer accounted for nearly 1 in 6 deaths in 2020. Most research has focused on the physical well-being and quality of life of cancer patients. However, with increasing emphasis on psychological aspects, particularly illness perception and resilience, a cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted to assess the impact of illness perception on the resiliency of cancer patients. This correlational quantitative study used convenient non-probability sampling at…

Психометрическая оценка шкалы восприятия искусственного интеллекта для больных раком: подход к структурному уравнению.

РАЦИОНАЛЬ, ЦЕЛИ И ЗАДАЧИ: Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) всё более интегрируется в онкологическую помощь, и онкологические сестры играют ключевую роль в образовании пациентов, коммуникации и восприятии этих технологий. Несмотря на то, что ИИ всё более интегрируется в здравоохранение, существующие шкалы восприятия ИИ и принятия технологий в основном были разработаны для общих здравоохранительных условий и не достаточно отражают уникальные клинические, этические и связанные с рабочим процессом аспекты онкологической практики. Целью этой работы было разработка и психометрическая валидация шкалы, из

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into oncology care, with oncology nurses playing a key role in patient education, communication, and trust in these technologies. Although artificial intelligence is increasingly integrated into healthcare, existing AI perception and technology acceptance scales have larg…

Perception of fall risk among cancer survivors receiving Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy in China: A latent profile analysis.

BACKGROUND: Accurate perception of fall risk is imperative for functional rehabilitation and quality of life among cancer survivors receiving radiotherapy/chemotherapy; however, current levels of awareness remain suboptimal. This study aimed to investigate the current status of fall risk perception among this population in China, identify its latent profiles and associated factors, and establish a theoretical basis for targeted nursing interventions. METHODS: Convenience sampling was conducted. A total of 534 cancer survivors undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy were recruited from a tertiary…

Functional characterization of Niemann-Pick proteins type C2 as odorant carriers in Neoseiulus barkeri olfactory perception.

Arthropods utilize olfactory function to detect informational substances within their natural habitats, thereby facilitating essential life activities such as foraging, mating, and oviposition. Niemann-Pick protein type C2 (NPC2), a putative odorant carrier, has not been fully described in the olfactory perception of predatory mites. In this study, we characterized in detail the olfactory perception functions of NbNPC2-2 and NbNPC2-3 in the important predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri. The results show that 2 NPC2 proteins, with 6 conserved cysteine sites, are significantly upregulated (by 2.93…

Thermo-reversible gelation and enhanced umami perception of myofibrillar proteins induced by protein-glutaminase-mediated deamidation.

In this study, the absolute electrostatic charge of myofibrillar protein (MP) was substantially increased by protein-glutaminase (PG) treatm … lding capacity and springiness. Electronic tongue and correlation analysis indicated that the umami perception of DMP was significantly enhanced because of the conversion of glutamine (Gln) to glutamate (Glu) residues that induced by PG deamidation.

Understanding the Perioperative Perception of Pain in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Epidural Versus Non-Epidural Analgesia.

Background: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) suffer from a relevant burden of abdominal pain and psychological distress that can aggravate postoperatively. While systematic strategies for postoperative pain management are lacking, the potential benefit of perioperative epidural analgesia (EDA) in CD patients is unclear. Methods: All patients receiving an ileocecal resection due to CD at a tertiary hospital were included. The impact of epidural versus non-epidural analgesia on postoperative pain perception was evaluated by analyzing the numeric rating scale (NRS), analgesic consumption, and c…

Empowerment among primary caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease: associations between disease perception and caregiving partnership.

BACKGROUND: Amid rapid global population aging, China currently bears the world’s largest dementia burden. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), charact … factors of caregiver empowerment, as well as examine the correlations between empowerment, disease perception, and caregiving partnerships. RESULTS: Results showed an ADKS score of 15.16±2.99, a PCPS score of 29.88±5.12, and an EFCD score of AD caregivers of 26.88 ±1.65. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the EFCD score a …