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Effect factors related to a high probability of hemodialysis independence in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients requiring hemodialysis.

BackgroundRenal failure is a severe complication of symptomatic myeloma, related to higher mortality. Recovery from dialysis dependence can lead to enormous survival benefits. We investigated the effect factors for probability of dialysis independence.MethodsRetrospective data on 45 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients with serious renal impairment and requiring hemodialysis were analyzed. The statistical methods including logistic regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model for survival analysis were used in our study.ResultsTwenty

Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Targets, Drugs, Clinical Trials, and Future Directions.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy and the second most common hematological neoplasm in adults, comprising 1.8% of all cancers. With an annual incidence of ~30,770 cases in the United States, MM has a high mortality rate, leading to 12,770 deaths per year. MM is a genetically complex, highly heterogeneous malignancy, with significant inter- and intra-patient clonal variability. Recent years have witnessed dramatic improvements in the diagnostics, classification, and treatment of MM. However, patients with high-risk disease have not yet benefited from therapeutic advances. High-r

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… Since BsAbs directly stimulate CD3 and thus bypass the T cell receptor, they activate T cells independently from antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. …

Concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and primary hyperparathyroidism in a mule.

A 26-year-old mule gelding was evaluated for chronic weight loss and decreased appetite. The mule had been losing weight and intermittently hypophagic for approximately 7 months. Laboratory analysis of whole blood and plasma identified severe total hypercalcemia, marked hypophosphatemia, markedly increased parathyroid hormone concentration, and marked lymphocytosis. A sestimibi scan intended to identify parathyroid gland tissue was nondiagnostic. Results of flow cytometry and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) were consistent with a B cell lymphoproliferative disorder, likely chroni

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… Abbreviations adrenocorticotropic hormone aspartate aminotransferase body condition score cluster designation chronic lymphocytic leukemia γ‐glutamyl transferase equine odontoclastic tooth reabsorption and hypercementosis hematoxylin and eosin major histocompatibility complex parathyroid hormone …

II Brazilian Consensus on the use of human immunoglobulin in patients with primary immunodeficiencies.

In the last few years, new primary immunodeficiencies and genetic defects have been described. Recently, immunoglobulin products with improved compositions and for subcutaneous use have become available in Brazil. In order to guide physicians on the use of human immunoglobulin to treat primary immunodeficiencies, based on a narrative literature review and their professional experience, the members of the Primary Immunodeficiency Group of the Brazilian Society of Allergy and Immunology prepared an updated document of the 1st Brazilian Consensus, published in 2010. The document presents new know

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… SCID) with reticular dysgenesis D81.1 - Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with low T and B-cells D81.2 - Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with low or normal B-cells D81.3 - Adenosine deaminase deficiency D81.4 - Nezelof Syndrome D81.5 - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency D81.6 - Major … histocompatibility complex class I deficiency D81.7 - Major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency D81.8 - Other combined immune deficiencies D82.0 - Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome D82.1 - DiGeorge Syndrome D83.0 - Common variable immunodeficiency with predominantly B-cell number and function abnormalities …

Рассеивание плериотропии между серьезным депрессивным расстройством и сопутствующими заболеваниями.

Серьезное депрессивное расстройство (МДС) характеризуется значительной совместимостью с медицинскими заболеваниями. Для достижения более высоких результатов для пациентов, страдающих ДМЗ, требуется более глубокое понимание механизмов, лежащих в основе широко распространенных комординаций. Здесь, с этой целью, мы нарисовали рисунки плейотропии, определив four - группы физических заболеваний (сердечные, метаболические, желудочно-кишечные и иммунные) и анализ их генетических связей с MDD с использованием геномного структурного уравнения моделирования. Three :: наличие независимых ассоциаций с МЗП

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… Additionally, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region was removed from genomic SEM and LDSC due to its complex LD structure, which may also influence the results for the immune cluster, given that human leukocyte antigen type is often the strongest common genetic risk factor for immune-driven …

Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials.

Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Bioactive compounds of

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… Other research has reported similar results, such as the activation of cytotoxic T cells (TC cells), improved DC maturation, the increased production of IL-8 and other cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ) through the activation of T cell receptors (TCRs), enhanced major histocompatibility complex … Glycoprotein PSK was evaluated by Ito et al. [ 18 ] for its possible influence on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in advanced gastric cancer patients after surgery. …

Emerging combination therapies for the management of multiple myeloma: the role of elotuzumab.

Treatment options for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have increased during the past decade. Despite the significant advances, challenges remain on which combination strategies will provide the optimal response for any given patient. Defining optimal combination strategies and corresponding companion diagnostics, that will guide clinical decisions are required to target relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in order to improve disease progression, survival and quality of life for patients with MM. Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets signaling lymphocytic act

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… Moreover, the combination of elotuzumab and bortezomib significantly increased anti-myeloma activity compared with single agent in the OPM2 MM xenograft model. 33 In addition to direct effects on the myeloma cell, bortezomib was shown to downregulate major histocompatibility complex class I expression …

Cell-based therapy in prophylaxis and treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is a curative option for patients with hematological malignancies. However, due to disparities in major and minor histocompatibility antigens between donor and recipient, severe inflammatory complications can occur, among which chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) can be life-threatening. A classical therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of cGVHD has been broad immunosuppression, but more recently adjuvant immunotherapies have been tested. This review summarizes and discusses immunomodulatory approaches with T ce

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… MSC-EV are less likely to trigger an adverse immune response compared to their parental cells, due to their lack of major histocompatibility complex class I/II molecules, which makes them attractive as a safer therapy ( 142 ). …

Exosomes as a Novel Approach to Reverse Osteoporosis: A Review of the Literature.

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease requiring long-term, sometimes lifelong, management. With the aging population, the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing, and with it so is the risk of hip fracture and subsequent poor quality of life and higher mortality. Current therapies for osteoporosis have various significant side effects limiting patient compliance and use. Recent evidence has demonstrated the significant role of exosomes in osteoporosis both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis, highlight the properties and advantages of exosome

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… Accumulation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules in mast cell secretory granules and their release upon degranulation. Mol. Biol. Cell 8 2631–2645. 10.1091/mbc.8.12.2631 Ruggiero S. L., Mehrotra B., Rosenberg T. J., Engroff S. L. (2004). …

Oncolytic Adenovirus: Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has moved to the forefront of modern oncologic treatment in the past few decades. Various forms of immunotherapy currently are emerging, including oncolytic viruses. In this therapy, viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor cells and reduce toxicity for non-neoplastic tissues. Adenovirus is one of the most frequently employed oncolytic viruses because of its capacity in tumor cell lysis and immune response stimulation. Upregulation of immunostimulatory signals induced by oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) might significantly remove local immune suppression and amplify

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… CXADR, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; HSPG, heparin sulfate proteoglycans; MHC1-a2, major histocompatibility complex-I α2. The data of adenovirus species and serotypes are from HAdV Working Group ( http://hadvwg.gmu.edu/ ). …

Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation.

As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand

Cryoglobulin Test and Cryoglobulinemia Hepatitis C-Virus Related.

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate in serum at temperatures below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical syndrome of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia, but the underlying disease may also contribute other symptoms. Blood samples for cryoglobulin are collected, transported, clotted and spun at 37°C, before the precipitate is allowed to form when serum is stored at 4°C in a Wintrobe tube for at least seven days. The most critical and confounding factor affecting the cryoglobulin test is when the preanalytical phase is not fully complete

A Comprehensive Evaluation of CAR-T Cell Gene Therapy, Tracing its Revolutionary Clinical Breakthroughs and Advancements Towards Next-Generation Engineering.

BACKGROUND: CAR-T cell gene therapy has advanced from an experimental concept to a standard curative treatment for selected hematologic malignancies. Substantial clinical evidence has established CAR-T therapy as a cornerstone for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma, demonstrating durable, long-term remissions. In 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) eliminated the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) requirement, reflecting improved clinical management of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome

Cecal Involvement of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Extra-Nodal Presentation.

We present the case of a 56-year-old male with cecal involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), whose tumor was refractory to multiple chemotherapy regimens and ultimately resulted in significant local complications due to tumor erosion, leading to considerable morbidity. NHL is the most common hematologic cancer with many subtypes of disease, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most common. Extra-nodular presentation in the gastrointestinal tract is typical in many cases; however, the involvement of the colon is rare. This case details a patient with extra-nodal involvement

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… Simultaneously, immune escape mechanisms within the TME, such as downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, and dysregulation of macrophage phagocytic signaling through TMEM30A mutations or CD47 overexpression further hinder effective antitumor responses [ 16 ] …

Beta-2 microglobulin and all-cause mortality in the era of high-flux hemodialysis: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.

BackgroundBeta-2 microglobulin (β2M) accumulates in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but its consequences are controversial, particularly in the current era of high-flux dialyzers. High-flux HD treatment improves β2M removal, yet β2M and other middle molecules may still contribute to adverse events. We investigated patient factors associated with serum β2M, evaluated trends in β2M levels and in hospitalizations due to dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), and estimated the effect of β2M on mortality.MethodsWe studied European and Japanese participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns St

Janus kinase inhibition in the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). For many years, corticosteroids have been the mainstay treatment for GVHD, but cases of steroid-refractory GVHD and the severe adverse effects of high-dose corticosteroids have increased the need for preventative and therapeutic strategies for GVHD. Due to the nature of alloreactive T cells, GVHD is inherently linked to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, the therapeutic driving force behind stem cell transplantation. A considerable clinical ch

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… The activation of T cells to foreign antigens is driven by their interactions with extremely polymorphic proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLA) expressed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and include class I HLA proteins (A, B, C) which are present on nearly all cells and class II HLA …

The broad spectrum of cancer and immunotherapy: achievements and limitations.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decades, offering renewed hope to patients with previously untreatable malignancies. This therapeutic approach could be categorized into three primary strategies: immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been highly successful in boosting anti-tumour immune responses by blocking the immunosuppressive signals that cancer cells exploit to evade immune surveillance, mainly that exerted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Adoptive cell therapy, particularly chimeric antig

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… Moreover, TCR-engineered T cells allow for recognition of intracellular tumour antigens presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, broadening the spectrum of targetable tumour-associated antigens ( 12 ) ( Table 1 ). … Histocompatibility Complexes Microsatellite Instability Natural Killer Pancreatic Cancer Programmed Death-1 Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ribonucleic Acid Single-chain Variable Fragment Talimogene laherparepvec T Cell Receptor Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes Toll-like Receptors Tumour …

Терапевтические горизонты в Множественной миеломе: анализ формирующегося ландшафта клинических испытаний.

ВАЖНЕЙШАЯ терапия для лечения множественной миэломы (ММ) значительно улучшила результаты лечения пациентов, расширив их выживаемость и продвигая лечение к более целенаправленным, эффективным и менее токсичным подходам. Однако болезнь остается неизлечимой. ЦЕЛИ: Анализ терапевтического ландшафта MM путем оценки кандидатов на наркотики в ходе клинических испытаний 2014 в адрес 2024. МЕТОДЫ: Данные были получены от Клинических следственных органов.gov (КГП) и Cortelis Drug Discovery Intelligence (CDDI), включая активные и завершенные исследования с результатами недавно диагностированных и рефракт

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… This dual targeting promotes immune synapse formation and enables cytotoxic T lymphocytes to eliminate tumor cells independently of major histocompatibility complex presentation [ 23 ]. …

Природные клетки убийцы в множестве склерозов: враги или друзья?

Множественный склероз (MS) — иммунное расстройство, связанное с центральной нервной системой (CNS), в которой происходит демиэлизация. Считается, что инициирование и прогрессирование MS в значительной степени зависят от CD4+T лимфоцитов, однако новые данные подчеркивают участие врожденной иммунной системы в реакции на болезни MS. В целом некоторые виды иммунных клеток играют определенную роль, при этом существенно важное значение имеют клетки естественного убийцы (НК). В ходе аутоиммунной болезни, как, например, MS, различные подвиды клеток естественного убийцы функционируют по-разному. У люде

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… HLA genes encode classic or nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins, inhibiting NK cell function by binding to them ( Paul and Lal, 2017 ). …

Elranatamab: Механизм действий, клиническая и переводческая наука.

Elranatamab (ELREXFIO) — гуманизированный антитела, официально утвержденный для пациентов с несколькократной миеломой (RRMM). Elranatamab использует CD3 на Т клетках и B-клеточном антигене (BCMA) на клетках миэломы, чтобы вызвать цитолиз клеточного клеточного клетка с помощью Т. Рекомендуемая подкожная доза эльранатамб состоит из фиксированных доз увеличения 12 мг в день 1 и 32 мг в день 4 для снижения частотности и серьезности синдрома высвобождения цитокина (CRS), за которым следует полная фиксированная доза 76 мг один раз в неделю (QW) из недель 2 в адрес 24. В ответ, 76 мг QW уменьшается д

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… Binding of elranatamab to BCMA and CD3 is independent of native T‐cell receptor specificity or reliance on major histocompatibility complex molecules, leading to direct T‐cell activation and the secretion of perforin, granzyme B, and cytokines, which result in myeloma cell death. …