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Antibiotics: Conventional Therapy and Natural Compounds with Antibacterial Activity-A Pharmaco-Toxicological Screening.

Antibiotics are considered as a cornerstone of modern medicine and their discovery offers the resolution to the infectious diseases problem. However, the excessive use of antibiotics worldwide has generated a critical public health issue and the bacterial resistance correlated with antibiotics inefficiency is still unsolved. Finding novel therapeutic approaches to overcome bacterial resistance is imperative, and natural compounds with antibacterial effects could be considered a promising option. The role played by antibiotics in tumorigenesis and their interrelation with the microbiota are sti

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… The classes of antibiotics that target bacterial protein synthesis are aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, etc. ( Table 1 ). … One particular characteristic of these compounds (azithromycin, clindamycin and quinupristin) consists of binding the A2099 residue (G2099 mutated) through a HB. …

Abstracts cont.

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… Arslan (Ankara, TR) Objective : To determine the incidence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in a university hospital. … Isolates that were clindamycin-sensitive (CL-S) but erythromycin-resistant (E-R) were tested for inducible resistance by the D-test. …

A retrospective review of the management of patients following a malignancy diagnosis on biologic therapies for the treatment of dermatological disorders.

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… Lymphoma Y Flared 2nd malignancy (breast Ca) Apremilast Acitretin and Psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) Methotrexate Hydroxyurea and acitretin N 7 25 M Cutaneous Crohn’s disease and HS Adalimumab Testicular Ca Stopped after 2 y Flared Relapse Oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) Oral antibiotics (rifampicin and clindamycin … malignancy (breast Ca) | Apremilast | Acitretin and Psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) | Methotrexate | Hydroxyurea and acitretin | N 7 | 25 | M | Cutaneous Crohn’s disease and HS | Adalimumab | Testicular Ca | Stopped after 2 y | Flared | Relapse | Oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) | Oral antibiotics (rifampicin and clindamycin …

Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics provide only modest benefit in treating sore throat, although effectiveness increases in participants with positive … d penicillin with carbacephem, one trial compared penicillin with sulphonamides, one trial compared clindamycin with ampicillin, and one trial compared azithromycin with amoxicillin in children. All included trials reported clinical outcomes. Reporting of randomisation, allocation concealment, and blinding was poor in all trials. The overall quality of the ev …

Systemic antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections.

BACKGROUND: Foot infection is the most common cause of non-traumatic amputation in people with diabetes. Most diabetic foot infections (DFIs … ) linezolid and a combination of aminopenicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors (one trial); and 9) clindamycin and cephalexin (one trial).Carbapenems combined with anti-pseudomonal agents produced fewer adverse effects than anti-pseudomonal penicillins (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.84; 1 trial). An additional trial did not find significant differences in the ra …

The effect of drug holiday before tooth extraction on the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonates.

OBJECTIVES: Drug holidays are suggested to reduce the formation of osteonecrosis in patients under intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates (BPs) therapy. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) following tooth extraction in cancer patients using IV BP, and to assess the effect of drug holiday on the development of MRONJ. Patients and. METHODS: A manuel search of the patient folders of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University was undertaken to identify cancer patients who used IV

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… Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, 1 g, 2×1; if the patient is allergic to penicillin, clindamycin 150 mg, 4×1) was administered to all patients, starting 2 days before the procedure and continuing for 3 days postoperatively. … If allergic to penisillin, use clindamycin (150 mg, 4×1). • Extraction phase: Atraumatic extraction with primary wound closure. • Postoperative phase: Keep on antibiotic therapy for 3 days, anti-inflammatory drug and chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) mouthwash 3 times daily for 7 days postoperatively. …

Medicine manipulation: An alternative to mitigate therapeutic gaps in the Brazilian Unified Health System?

Despite the various initiatives carried out in Brazil and in the world, the challenge of offering essential medicines in adequate presentations remains, especially to the public affected by diseases considered neglected and the pediatric population, for whom the therapeutic options remain limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the production of manipulated medicines as a strategy to mitigate therapeutic and access gaps to essential medicines within the Brazilian public health system, called the Unified Health System (SUS). The evaluation, carried out between 2020 and 2021, i

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… . | Infantile Clindamycin hydrochloride | 75 mg/5 mL Oral solution | Treatment of infections with susceptible organisms where there is penicillin allergy and resistance to first-line drugs, including staphylococcal bone and joint infections, peritonitis, and pneumonia. | Infantile Ethambutol + Isoniazid … Treatment of sensitive tuberculosis; Tuberculosis in cases of intolerance, allergy or toxicity to the basic regimen, in association with other antimicrobials. | 4.12 | 12.274 | 6 months | 1,624,586.64 Pyrimethamine 1mg/ml Oral solution | Treatment of toxoplasmosis, in combination with sulfadiazine or clindamycin …

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis Use for Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in the Non-HIV Population: A Retrospective Study in Québec, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains a significant threat in immunocompromised cases. Recent data on epidemiology and risk factors for PJP in non-HIV cases are scarce, and guidelines on appropriate prophylaxis are lacking. METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective trial, all non-HIV adult cases admitted to hospitals in Québec City, Canada, between January 2011 and January 2021 with a diagnosis of PJP were assessed for eligibility. RESULTS: An overall 129 cases of PJP were included. More than two-thirds had an underlying hematologic disease or an autoimmune/inflammatory

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… calcineurin inhibitor | 2 | 0 Others | 0 | 0 No underlying conditions identified | 0 | 2 No immunosuppressive agent | 0 | 2 Total | 32 | 21 An overall 110 patients (85.2%) were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for their infection, while 14 (10.9%) received a combination of primaquine and clindamycin … | No. (%) Pharmacologic therapies | First-line treatment | TMP-SMX | 110/129 (85.2) Primaquine + clindamycin | 14/129 (10.9) Atovaquone | 2/129 (1.55) Pentamidine | 1/129 (0.78) No antimicrobial/palliative care | 2/129 (1.55) Adverse events under TMP-SMX prompting a change to other antimicrobials …

Risk factors and characteristics of blood stream infections in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

BackgroundPatients with multiple myeloma are generally immune-compromised either due to pronounced depression in primary antibody responses or because of anti-myeloma therapy. Infection is a major risk factor for early deaths among these patients. The impact of blood stream infections (BSI) on newly diagnosed myeloma patients has been less studied. We aimed to study the incidence and risk factors of BSI within 3 months after diagnosis of multiple myeloma in a tertiary referral center.MethodsBetween November 2002 and December 2008, consecutive patients with multiple myeloma in Taipei Veterans G

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… Staphylococcus species Klebsiella pneumoniae Teicoplanin/isepamicin Y 4 (27) - MP - - Klebsiella pneumoniae Cefepime - 5 (62) Y MPT Non-tunneled CVC Y Klebsiella pneumoniae Ciprofloxacin - > Imipenem/teicoplanin Y 6 (78) - - - - Escherichia coli Y 7 (198) Y VAD Non-tunneled CVC - Escherichia coli Cefuroxime/clindamycin … isepamicin | Y 4 (27) | - | MP | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Cefepime | - 5 (62) | Y | MPT | Non-tunneled CVC | Y | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ciprofloxacin - > Imipenem/teicoplanin | Y 6 (78) | - | - | - | - | Escherichia coli | | Y 7 (198) | Y | VAD | Non-tunneled CVC | - | Escherichia coli | Cefuroxime/clindamycin …

ECC-4 Abstracts

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… Prevalence of resistance to clindamycin was 1.3%. One hundred and forty-nine (94.9%) of the 157 erythromycin-resistant strains were susceptible to clindamycin and miocamycin, a 16-C membered macrolide (M-phenotype). The remaining eight erythromycin-resistant strains had an MLS B phenotype. … Among the erythromycin resistant 42 isolates, five were susceptible to clarithromycin, 15 susceptible or intermediate to clindamycin, all except one were susceptible to telithromycin. …

Conservative Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe side effect of bisphosphonates and anti-resorptive drugs prescribed for treatment of severe osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and bone malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a combined pharmacological and surgical management strategy on patients affected by MRONJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with MRONJ were retrospectively examined to collect clinical history data. Conservative management included an initial pharmacological phase with antibiotics and antiseptic

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… Based on previous studies [ 1 , 9 , 21 , 22 ], systemic antibiotics were prescribed to all study patients as follows: amoxicillin 3 g/day or clindamycin 1800 mg/day in cases of allergy to the penicillin; for the cases scarcely responsive to single-antibiotic therapy, metronidazole 500 mg/day for a maximum … Briefly, one week before surgical intervention, each patient received the dental scaling, topical antiseptic therapy (0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, twice/day), and the prescription of antibiotic therapy started three days before the surgery (amoxicillin 3 g/day, or clindamycin 1800 mg/day in case of …

Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Decolonization in Immunocompromised Patients: A Focus on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Antimicrobial resistance is an important issue for global health; in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ and hematological transplant recipients, it poses an even bigger threat. Colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was acknowledged as a strong risk factor to subsequent infections, especially in individuals with a compromised immune system. A growing pile of studies has linked the imbalance caused by the dominance of certain taxa populating the gut, also known as intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, to an increased risk of MDR bacteria colonization. Several attempts were p

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… Although almost any antibiotic might increase the risk of developing CDI, this condition is usually associated with fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and mainly clindamycin, which is excreted in the bile and, therefore, reaches high concentrations in stools. … In experimental models, a single dose of clindamycin significantly reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota [ 33 ]. 3. Risk Factors for MDR Infections and Colonization—Clinical Point of View in Immunocompromised Patients 3.1. …

Infectious diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: prevention and prophylaxis strategy guidelines 2016.

Infectious complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remain a clinical challenge. This is a guideline provided by the AGIHO (Infectious Diseases Working Group) of the DGHO (German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology). A core group of experts prepared a preliminary guideline, which was discussed, reviewed, and approved by the entire working group. The guideline provides clinical recommendations for the preventive management including prophylactic treatment of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases. The guideline focuses on antimicrobial

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… Should be combined with folinic acid Intention | Intervention | SoR | QoE | Comments | Ref To prevent relapse of CNS toxoplasmosis | Pyrimethamine (25 mg/day) a + sulfadiazine (orally, 30 mg/kg/d) | A | II t | Minimum duration for 3 months, many cases longer | [ 204 , 206 ] Pyrimethamine (25 mg/d) a + clindamycin … Katlama C et al (1996) Pyrimethamine-clindamycin vs. pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine as acute and long-term therapy for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 22(2):268–275 205. Podzamczer D, et al. …

Comprehensive Review of Prevention and Management Strategies for Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).

PURPOSE: To assess and classify the strategies employed in various dental specialities for the prevention and management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, acquiring studies sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The emphasis was on studies published in recent years, focusing on successful MRONJ prevention techniques across various dental specialties. RESULTS: Four types of prevention were identified. Primary prevention strategies include optimizing oral hygiene, managing dental caries, and extracti

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… . | Recommended starting three days before surgery: amoxicillin (3 g/day) or clindamycin (1800 mg/day) for patients allergic to penicillin. Pre-surgical care | Dental hygiene scaling one week before surgery. Chlorhexidine rinses twice daily before the procedure. … , or ciprofloxacin may be considered. 8 Although clindamycin is still listed as a potential option in MRONJ protocols, recent guidelines for infective endocarditis prophylaxis have excluded it due to concerns over its lower efficacy and higher risk of adverse effects. 18 , 70 Pre-surgical care: similar …

Safety and feasibility of outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with primary central nervous system tumors.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is a well-established treatment for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Given the risks of toxicity and infection, pediatric autoHSCT has been historically performed on hospitalized children. As our practice evolved, some patients were transplanted as outpatients. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 37 patients who received 90 transplant procedures (49 outpatient and 41 inpatient) at Children's Hospital Colorado. The most common primary diagnosis was medulloblastoma (51.4%). Of the

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… Infectious complications of outpatient and inpatient transplant episodes Outpatient transplant episodes ( n = 49) Inpatient transplant episodes ( n = 41) p Value Antibiotics initiated, n (%) Meropenem 21 (53.8) 35 (87.5) Cefepime 14 (35.9) 3 (7.5) 0.01 Ceftazidime 4 (10.3) 1 (2.5) Vancomycin 0 1 (2.5) Clindamycin … line-associated bloodstream infection | Outpatient transplant episodes ( n = 49) | Inpatient transplant episodes ( n = 41) | p Value Antibiotics initiated, n (%) | | | Meropenem | 21 (53.8) | 35 (87.5) | Cefepime | 14 (35.9) | 3 (7.5) | 0.01 Ceftazidime | 4 (10.3) | 1 (2.5) | Vancomycin | 0 | 1 (2.5) | Clindamycin …

Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Without and With the Use of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is drug-induced bone destruction that is exposed for a minimum of 6 to 8 weeks in patients who have not received head and neck radiotherapy and who have not been diagnosed with facial bone metastases. MRONJ treatment outcomes are unpredictable. Therefore, alternative treatment methods are being explored, such as blood-derived platelet-rich preparations enriched with growth factors, including advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). The presence of growth factors may enhance healing and reduce post-procedure complications. There are

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… In patients with allergies, 300 mg of clindamycin was administered every 8 h starting the day before the surgery (Dalacin C, Pfizer, Brooklyn, NY, USA). … Antibiotic treatments, typically amoxicillin with clavulanic acid or clindamycin, are recommended in the cases of infection. Pain and inflammation management includes analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications. …

A Narrative Review of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: What a Clinician Should Know.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an uncommon complication of antiresorptive therapy (ART) in patients receiving higher and more frequent doses of osteoclast inhibitors. The jaws are the most common site, as they have high bone turnover. The oral structures are exposed to various types of stresses, like mastication and dental diseases, which lead to microtrauma and increased bone remodeling. The hallmark feature of MRONJ is the area of exposed, necrotic, nonhealing, asymptomatic bone for more than eight weeks. Objective signs are pain in the jaw and oral cavity, loose teet

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… A combination of penicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate and clindamycin or metronidazole is helpful in patients with refractory infections. Azithromycin, or one of the quinolone antibiotics, is a rational choice for patients with penicillin allergies. … If there are refractory infections, a combination of penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and clindamycin, or metronidazole is helpful. …

Consensus Statement on Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitations: Evidence-Based Recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference.

Full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations are widely recognized as an effective treatment option for edentulous patients. Nevertheless, clinical decision-making regarding patient selection, surgical planning, prosthetic material choice, and long-term maintenance protocols remains heterogeneous and requires structured evidence-based guidance. A modified Delphi consensus process was conducted involving 29 experts during the Italian Consensus Conference. A systematic literature review covering the period 2015-2024 was performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Re

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… Accordingly, the panel recommends the following perioperative protocol: Pre-operative chlorhexidine 0.20% mouthwash for 60 s within two hours of surgery; single pre-operative dose of amoxicillin 2 to 3 g orally one hour before surgery (or clindamycin 600 mg in documented penicillin allergy). … Apply perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis based on the IAO 2021 framework [ 49 ]: chlorhexidine rinse before and after surgery, single pre-operative dose of amoxicillin 2 to 3 g (or clindamycin 600 mg in penicillin allergy). …

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw mimicking bone metastasis.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is usually a potential complication of bisphosphonate therapy. In a cancer patient, this disease entity can be misdiagnosed as a metastatic lesion. Our aim is to make clinicians aware of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw to prevent misdiagnosis and initiate proper treatment at the earliest. We present the case of a breast cancer patient with multiple bony metastases and a jaw lesion presumed to be metastases. After no response to palliative radiation, repeat radiological imaging studies revealed osteonecrosis of the jaw. Correlating a patient's clinica

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… Despite negative blood and bone cultures, she received courses of cephalexin and clindamycin, for a presumed jaw infection with no improvement. …

Inpatient Medicine

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… The addition of clindamycin may reduce toxin production and mortality. Toxic shock usually has a prominent primary site of infection or source. Staphylococcal toxic shock can be associated with immunosuppression, surgical wounds, or retained tampons. … Clindamycin-induced suppression of toxic-shock syndrome-associated exotoxin production. J Infect Dis. 1984;149(3):471. What is the appropriate rivaroxaban dose for an indication of pulmonary embolism (weight = 77 kg, CrCl = 89 ml/min)? …