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Computer-Assisted Design of Imidazolate-Based Ionic Liquids for Improving Sulfur Dioxide Capture, Carbon Dioxide Capture, and Sulfur Dioxide/Carbon Dioxide Selectivity.

A new strategy involving the computer-assisted design of substituted imidazolate-based ionic liquids (ILs) through tuning the absorption enthalpy as well as the basicity of the ILs to improve SO2 capture, CO2 capture, and SO2 /CO2 selectivity was explored. The best substituted imidazolate-based ILs as absorbents for different applications were first predicted. During absorption, high SO2 capacities up to ≈5.3 and 2.4 molSO2  molIL-1 could be achieved by ILs with the methylimidazolate anions under 1.0 and 0.1 bar (1 bar=0.1 MPa), respectively, through tuning multiple N⋅⋅⋅S interactions between …

In vitro investigation of intestinal transport mechanism of silicon, supplied as orthosilicic acid-vanillin complex.

SCOPE: Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant trace elements in the body. Although pharmacokinetics data described its absorption from the diet and its body excretion, the mechanisms involved in the uptake and transport of Si across the gut wall have not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS: Caco-2 cells were used as a well-accepted in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium to investigate the transport, across the intestinal barrier in both the absorption and excretion directions, of Si supplied as orthosilicic acid stabilized by vanillin complex (OSA-VC). The transport of this spe…

Trapping and dynamic manipulation of polystyrene beads mimicking circulating tumor cells using targeted magnetic/photoacoustic contrast agents.

Results on magnetically trapping and manipulating micro-scale beads circulating in a flow field mimicking metastatic cancer cells in human p … ap the magnetized contrast agent was designed and constructed. A water-ink solution with an optical absorption coefficient of 10  cm⁻¹ was used to mimic the optical absorption of blood. Magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging helped visualize bead trapping, dynamic manipulation of trapped beads in a flow field, and the subtraction of stationary background signal …

Intraosseous infusion into the skull: potential application for the management of hydrocephalus.

OBJECT: Hydrocephalus results from abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes or flow patterns. The absorption of CSF is determined largely by pressures within veins and venous sinuses in the head and adjacent to the spine. Most surgical solutions for hydrocephalus involve diversion of excess CSF into alternative absorption sites, and most of these solutions are still suboptimal. The focus of this work has been to recreate more normal CSF absorption into the dural venous sinuses without having to directly access the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). METHODS: Intraosseous skull infusion for the p…

Solvent effects on resonant first hyperpolarizabilities and Raman and hyper-Raman spectra of DANS and a water-soluble analog.

The two-photon-resonant first hyperpolarizabilities associated with hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman scattering are reported for 4-dimethylami … which do not vary much as the excitation frequency is tuned across the lowest-energy strong linear absorption band, suggesting that a single resonant electronic state dominates the one- and two-photon absorptions in this region. The absorption, resonance Raman, and hyper-Raman profiles can be simulated reasonably well with a common set of parameters. The pe …

The stability of rhodopsin and opsin; effects of pH and aging.

THE STABILITY OF CATTLE RHODOPSIN AND OF ITS PROTEIN MOIETY OPSIN TOWARD ACIDS AND ALKALIES AND ON AGING WAS DETERMINED BY TWO CRITERIA: maintenance of absorption spectrum, and capacity to regenerate after exposure to light. On storage at 3 degrees C. at pH near neutrality, the absorption spectrum in the visible region may remain unchanged for as long as 6 months; but the regenerability progressively declines, at very different rates in different preparations. The cause of this decline has not been determined. It may involve denaturation at sites other than the retinene-protein bond, which by …

Buccal Transmucosal Controlled Drug Delivery System: Emerging Strategy For Oral Antidiabetic Therapy - A Review.

Diabetes mellitus is a common long-term illness that requires steady medical treatment. Standard oral medicines for diabetes often have problems like low absorption, being broken down by the liver before they work, and patients forgetting to take their doses. Buccal drug delivery, which means giving medicine through the inside lining of the mouth, is a promising alternative. It helps control how fast the drug is released and avoids breakdown by the liver. This review examines the structure and function of the buccal mucosa, its drug-absorption capacity, and its utility for drug delivery. Diffe…

High fructose rewires gut glucose sensing via glucagon-like peptide 2 to impair metabolic regulation in mice.

OBJECTIVE: Increased fructose consumption contributes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease … was inhibited with Glp2 (3-33) injections. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and gut glucose absorption were concomitantly assessed, and enteric sugar transporters and absorptive surface were quantified by RT-qPCR and histological analysis, respectively. RESULTS: High fructose feeding led to impairment of blood glucose disposal, ectopic fat accumulat …

Доставка пациентов пероральными Железными добавками: практическое руководство.

Железо является важным элементом, имеющим важное значение для развития, структуры и функционирования мозга. Железо как положительно, так и неблагоприятно причастно к нейропсихиатрическим расстройствам. Например, было высказано мнение о том, что железосодержание в период беременности и в раннем детстве позволяет снизить риск нервных расстройств и шизофрении, однако железные механизмы были связаны с нейродегенеративными расстройствами, множественным склерозом и инсультом. Можно отметить, что дополнительное железо лечит синдром беспокойных ног, акатисию и пика, но чаще оно лечит железодефицит, св

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Iron is an essential trace element that is important for the development, structure, and functioning of the brain. Iron has been both favora … oorly absorbed by this route. It is therefore necessary to know what improves and what impairs iron absorption. This article explains that, for best absorption, oral iron supplements are ideally dosed as ferrous salts. The dose should be administered in the morning, on a fasting stomach, along with about 100 mg of vitamin C in the form of a tablet, or with a …

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cinnamaldehyde Microemulsion-Mucus interaction.

The current investigation explores the possible mechanism of the microemulsion drug delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde (CA), an important food spice, from the perspective of the microemulsion-mucus system. The cinnamaldehyde microemulsion (CA-ME) was prepared by the water titration method combined with the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The dynamic analysis was applied to detect the drug release in vitro. An intestinal mucosal injury test was conducted to evaluate the safety of CA-ME and drug absorption across the intestinal tract of rats was investigated thro…

Micromanaging the gut: unravelling the regulatory pathways that mediate the intestinal adaptive response.

Short bowel syndrome occurs following the loss of a large portion of functional intestine and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The intestine exhibits pronounced diurnal rhythms in glucose absorption and mounts a profound proliferative response following massive small bowel resection. Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin this could yield novel treatment options. Two in vivo models were employed using the nocturnally active Sprague Dawley® rat, namely daytime feeding and massive small bowel resection. Glucose absorption exhibited a 24-hour periodicity in the gut and…

Severe Iron Metabolism Defects in Mice With Double Knockout of the Multicopper Ferroxidases Hephaestin and Ceruloplasmin.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) facilitate intestinal iron absorption and systemic iron recycling, likely by a mechanism involving the oxidization of Fe2+ from the iron exporter ferroportin 1 for delivery to the circulating Fe3+ carrier transferrin. Hephaestin (HEPH), the only MCF known to be expressed in enterocytes, aids in the basolateral transfer of dietary iron to the blood. Mice lacking HEPH in the whole body (Heph-/- ) or intestine alone (Hephint/int ) exhibit defects in dietary iron absorption but still survive and grow. Circulating ceruloplasmin (CP) is the only oth…

Colectomy induces an aldosterone-mediated increase in jejunal glucose uptake in rats.

AIMS: The main function of the colon is water and electrolyte absorption. Total colectomy eliminates this colonic function and may alter the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for nutrients. This study examines the effect of total colectomy on jejunal glucose absorption and investigates the potential role of aldosterone in mediating the alterations in glucose uptake post-colectomy using the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. MAIN METHODS: Total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis was performed on anesthetized rats. Sham rats were identically handled without colon resection. Two…

Anticipatory nausea: the role of individual differences related to sensory perception and autonomic reactivity.

BACKGROUND: Anticipatory nausea (AN) during chemotherapy has been difficult to control with conventional antiemetics. AN can lead cancer patients to delay or discontinue chemotherapy, possibly compromising the treatment. PURPOSE: The aim is to investigate the possible influence on the development of AN of individual differences in absorption, somato-sensory amplification, and autonomic perception-measures theorized to be related to sensory perception and autonomic reactivity. METHODS: Prior to treatment, 125 women (M age = 48.5 years) undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer rated …

Theoretical studies of the spectroscopic properties of [Pt(trpy)C[triple bond]CR]+ (trpy = 2,2',6',2"-terpyridine; R = H, CH2OH, and C6H5).

Electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of [Pt(trpy)C[triple bond]CR](+) (trpy = 2,2', 6',2' '-terpyridine; R = H (1), CH(2)OH (2), and C(6)H(5) (3) ) are studied by ab initio and DFT methods. The ground- and excited-state structures are optimized by the MP2 and CIS methods, respectively. The absorption and emission spectra in the dichloromethane solution are obtained by using TD-DFT (B3LYP) method associated with the PCM model. The calculations indicate that, for 1-3, the variation of the substituents on the acetylide ligand only slightly changes their structures in ground and exci…

Development of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata and lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm in mice.

The generation and development of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata (PLS) and lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm were studied in mice at gest … ptive route between the peritoneal cavity and the sub-peritoneal lymphatic vessels. The trypan blue absorption test demonstrated that postnatal PLS possessed an absorptive function and had transformed to mature lymphatic stomata (MLS) by PND 1. Thus, NLS were renamed of MLS. At PND 5, the cuboidal mesothelial cell ridge (CMCR) appeared with increased CMC are …

The biopharmaceutical aspects of nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery.

Nasal drug administration has frequently been proposed as the most feasible alternative to parenteral injections. This is due to the high permeability of the nasal epithelium, allowing a higher molecular mass cut-off at approximately 1000 Da, and the rapid drug absorption rate with plasma drug profiles sometimes almost identical to those from intravenous injections. Despite the potential of nasal drug delivery, it has a number of limitations. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity, as well as ciliary beating and mucociliary clearance as they relate to nasal drug absorpt…

Optical properties of human brain tissue, meninges, and brain tumors in the spectral range of 200 to 900 nm.

Considering the increasing use of lasers in neurosurgery and the increasing number of wavelengths of laser light becoming available, we evaluated optical properties between 200 and 900 nm of meninges, normal human brain tissue, and brain tumors. We used a two-beam spectral photometer with an integrating sphere as the measuring instrument. The material consisted of 13 brains and 1 specimen each of dura mater, falx, and arachnoid obtained at autopsy and 30 samples of brain tumors removed during operation. In tissue samples more than 5 mm thick, the relative levels of absorption and scattering we…

Adaptation of teleosts to very high salinity.

A number of species of euryhaline teleosts have the remarkable ability to adapt and survive in environments of extreme salinity, up to two or even three times the osmolality of seawater. This review looks at some of the literature describing the adaptive changes that occur, primarily with intestinal water absorption and with the properties of the gill epithelium. While there is much that is still not completely understood, recent work has begun to look at these adaptations at the cellular and molecular level. As with seawater osmoregulation, fish adapting to hypersaline conditions generally in…

Efficient and simple quantification of stratum corneum proteins on tape strippings by infrared densitometry.

BACKGROUND: The analysis of stratum corneum (SC) components is a widely accepted method to determine 'skin health' status or to follow the e … nvenient and user friendly indirect measurement of SC protein content on tape strippings by optical absorption. As this is a non-destructive technique, the tape strippings can subsequently be utilized for any other bioassay. METHODS: Using tape strippings from human subjects the SC optical absorption was determined densitometrically and after extraction of …