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What's your poison? Impact of individual repair capacity on the outcomes of genotoxic therapies in cancer. Part II - information content and validity of biomarkers for individual repair capacity in the assessment of outcomes of anticancer therapy.

The individual variance in the efficiency of repair of damage induced by genotoxic therapies may be an important factor in the assessment of eligibility for different anticancer treatments, the outcomes of various treatments and the therapy-associated complications, including acute and delayed toxicity and acquired drug resistance. The second part of this paper analyses the currently available information about the possibilities of using experimentally obtained knowledge about individual repair capacity for the purposes of personalised medicine and healthcare.

The underexplored links between cancer and the internal body climate: Implications for cancer prevention and treatment.

In order to effectively manage and cure cancer we should move beyond the general view of cancer as a random process of genetic alterations leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation or simply a predictable evolutionary process involving selection for traits that increase cell fitness. In our view, cancer is a systemic disease that involves multiple interactions not only among cells within tumors or between tumors and surrounding tissues but also with the entire organism and its internal "milieu". We define the internal body climate as an emergent property resulting from spatial and temporal in

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… They include both intrinsic factors – such as body structure (fat, muscle, bone, microbiota) and extrinsic factors – such as diet and external environment (sun, tobacco, exposure to pathogens or mutagens). … Cancer prevention by maintaining a healthy internal climate and avoiding climate changes Cancer prevention is often discussed in terms of life-style choice that diminish the potential for mutations, by avoiding sun exposure, smoking and other chemical mutagens. …

DNA Damaging Drugs

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Берберин защищает от поведенческого дефицита, дисфункции памяти и каллозаального обезвоживания в мышах C57BL/6.

ЦЕЛИ: Множественный склероз (MS) — неврологическое расстройство, характеризующееся постепенным обезвоживанием и нейроинфламмацией. Берберин, производный растительным изоквинолоидным алкалоидом, обнаруженным в берберских породах, обладает заметными антивоспалительными и антиоксидантами. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить защитный эффект берберина от интоксикации чайников в мышах C57BL/6. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: C57BL/6 Мыши получали пищевые продукты, содержащие чашечник (0,2% по весу) в течение пяти недель и проходили одновременно курс лечения берберина (5 или 10 мг/кг). Была про

The effects of bisphosphonate and radiation therapy in bone-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: the impact of KRAS mutation.

BackgroundKRAS mutation is the most common genetic alteration in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) in Western countries and is associated with worse outcome in bone-metastatic cases. Yet, to date, no effective treatment guidelines were developed for these patients. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the impact of KRAS mutation on bisphosphonate (BTx) and radiation therapy (RTx) in bone-metastatic LADC patients.MethodsClinicopathological variables of 134 consecutive LADC patients with bone metastases at diagnosis and known KRAS status were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of BTx, RTx and KRA

Is Gonadal Therapy a Promoter of Breast Cancer? Incidence of Breast Cancer in a Cohort of Survivors of Oncological Diseases Treated with Gonadal Steroids.

There is a great controversy about hormonal replacement therapy in women among the members of the scientific community. Cancer survivors have sometimes had their ovary function totally or partially destroyed, thus affecting their development and quality of life. In this study, we were looking for adverse effects caused, eventually, by estroprogestative therapy in a cohort of supplemented survivors. The occurrence of breast cancer was our main concern. Ours is a retrospective study based on the clinical records of 174 survivors of several cancer diseases. Their median ages within each of the fo

Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to explain the pleiotropic effects of Ankaferd blood stopper.

Ankaferd blood stopper is a standardized mixture of the plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica and has been used as a topical hemostatic agent and with its clinical application established in randomized controlled trials and case reports. Ankaferd has been successfully used in gastrointestinal endobronchial mucosal and cutaneous bleedings and also in abdominal, thoracic, dental and oropharyngeal, and pelvic surgeries. Ankaferd's hemostatic action is thought to form a protein complex with coagulation factors that facilitate adhesion of

Pamidronate disodium for palliative therapy of feline bone-invasive tumors.

This study sought to quantify in vitro antiproliferative effects of pamidronate in feline cancer cells and assess feasibility of use of pamidronate in cats by assessing short-term toxicity and dosing schedule in cats with bone-invasive cancer. A retrospective pilot study included eight cats with bone invasive cancer treated with intravenous pamidronate. In vitro, pamidronate reduced proliferation in feline cancer cells (P < 0.05). One cat treated with pamidronate in combination with chemotherapy and two cats treated with pamidronate as a single agent after failing prior therapy had subjective

Use of Nutraceuticals in Elderly to Fight Inflammation and Immuno-Senescence: A Randomized Case-Control Study.

Elderly people are at high risk of suffering from infection and being affected by severe forms of disease because their immunosystem suffers from aging. The alteration of normal immune functions causes the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines which can expose these people to increased risk of developing pathologies as cancer, diabetes, and/or arthritis. Some supplements could be helpful for restoring normal immune functions. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the efficacy of a supplement containing Sambucus nigra, zinc, tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), arabinogalacta

Ixazomib in combination with carboplatin in pretreated women with advanced triple-negative breast cancer, a phase I/II trial of the AGMT (AGMT MBC-10 trial).

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases which are generally associated with poor prognosis. Up to now, no targeted treatment beyond anti-VEGF therapy has been approved for TNBC and cytotoxic agents remain the mainstay of treatment. Ixazomib is a selective and reversible inhibitor of the proteasome, which has been mainly investigated in the treatment of multiple myeloma. In a preclinical study TNBC cells were treated with the first-generation proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with cisplatin and synergistic efficacy was demonstrat

&quot; Nucleolus in Human Beasons: Ribosome Biogenesis &quot; , &quot; Nucleolar Survey &quot; и &quot; Terrapeutic Opportunities &quot; .

Nucleolus превратился в динамичную и многофункциональную субядерную органилию, интегрирующую рибосомный биогенез с клеточным ростом и сигнализацией стресса. Регулирование нуклеолярной функции все чаще признается в качестве главного движителя человеческих заболеваний, связывающего изменённое рибосомное производство и нуклеолярное наблюдение с раком, рибосомопатиями, синдромами преждевременного старения, нейродегенерацией и иммунными расстройствами. В этом обзоре мы интегрируем структурные, молекулярные и болезнетворные перспективы нуклеолярной биологии для определения того, как рипосомный биоге

Dual COX-2/TNF-α Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory and Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: A Review.

Cyclooxygenases (COX) play a pivotal role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Two types of COXs have been identified as key biological targets for drug design: Constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target COX-1, while selective COX-2 inhibitors are designed for COX-2. These COX isoforms are involved in multiple physiological and pathological pathways throughout the body. Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a role in COX-2's inflammatory activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha can c

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… Due to their peroxidase activity, COX enzymes can produce carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds ( 23 ). … Generation of mutagens during arachidonic acid metabolism. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1994;13(3-4):303–8. doi: 10.1007/BF00666100. 24. Dannenberg AJ, Lippman SM, Mann JR, Subbaramaiah K, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenase-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor: pharmacologic targets for chemoprevention. …

Toxicology and carcinogenesis study of styrene-acrylonitrile trimer in F344/N rats (perinatal and postnatal feed studies).

UNLABELLED: Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer) is a mixture of isomers formed by the condensation of two moles of acrylonitrile and one mole of styrene and has a molecular weight of 210. The mixture is composed of two structural forms: 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-a-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile (THNA, CAS No. 57964-39-3) and 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenepropionitrile (THNP, CAS No. 57964-40-6). The THNA form consists of four stereoisomers. [Structure:see text]. The THNP form consists of two stereoisomers. [Structure:see text]. SAN Trimer is a by-product of the production of

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Acetonitrile is used primarily as a solvent in extractive distillation and crystallization of pharmaceutical and agricultural products and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. It was nominated for testing by the National Cancer Institute due to its presence in drinking water supplies and the environment, due to lack of information on the carcinogenicity of alkyl cyanides, and because of widespread worker exposure. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to acetonitrile (at least 99% pure) by inhalation for 13 weeks or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmo

NTP report on the toxicology studies of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CAS No. 538-75-0) in F344/N rats, B6C3F 1 mice, and genetically modified (FVB Tg.AC hemizygous) mice and carcinogenicity study of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in genetically modified [B6.129-Trp53 tm1Brd (N5) haploinsufficient] mice (dermal studies).

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is used in industry as a stabilizing agent, coupling agent, and condensing agent. Its widespread use during protein synthesis in the recombinant DNA industry and in the synthesis of polypeptides in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries provides an increasing potential for low-level human exposure. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was nominated for study by The National Cancer Institute as a key representative of the carbodiimide chemical class because of its acute toxicity and the absence of data on potential health effects. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F 1 mice we

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of divinylbenzene-HP (Cas No. 1321-74-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies).

UNLABELLED: Divinylbenzene-HP is used for producing vinyl polymers. Divinylbenzene-HP was nominated for study by the National Cancer Institute because of the potential for worker exposure and the structural similarity of divinylbenzene to styrene, a potential human carcinogen. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to divinylbenzene-HP (80%) by inhalation for 2 weeks, 3 months, or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 2-WEEK STUDY IN RATS: Groups of five male and five female rat

Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.

Introduction: The toxicity of arsenic is widely recognized globally, mainly harming human health by polluting water, soil, and food. However, its formulations can also be used for the clinical treatment of diseases such as leukemia and tumors. Arsenic has been used as a drug in China for over 2,400 years, with examples such as the arsenic-containing drug realgar mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic. We have reviewed references on arsenic over the past thirty years and found that research has mainly focused on clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects. Results and Discussion: The f

Skin-Directed Therapies in Mycosis Fungoides: An Update.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), characterized by monoclonal proliferation of malignant T cells primarily involving the skin. The management of MF, especially in the early stages, involves skin-directed therapies (SDTs) to achieve disease control, alleviate symptoms, and enhance the quality of life (QoL). This review provides an updated overview of SDTs in MF treatment, including topical agents such as corticosteroids, retinoids, mechlorethamine, carmustine, imiquimod, as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT); phototherapy modalities including

Decoding Cancer Risk: Understanding Gene-Environment Interactions in Cancer Development.

While lifestyle choices or behavioral patterns remain the most significant factors influencing cancer risk, environmental exposure to certain chemicals, both manufactured and natural, may also contribute to an individual's likelihood of developing cancer. This interplay of factors, coupled with an aging demographic and shifting lifestyle patterns, has led to an increasing prevalence of cancer in recent years. This study examines the environmental and behavioral factors that contribute to anomalies in the immune system and increase the risk of developing cancer. Significant environmental and oc

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… In addition to a history of endometriosis, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), oral contraception, tubal ligation, and breastfeeding habits, exposure to foodborne mutagens is a key risk factor for breast and ovarian cancer development [ 43 ]. …

Environmental Factors, Lifestyle Risk Factors, and Host Characteristics Associated With Philadelphia Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Systematic Review.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the overproduction of mature myeloid cells and are often associated with an acquired genetic mutation of Janus Kinase2V617F. Various epidemiological studies have indicated associations between environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and host characteristics with developing MPNs. This review aims to collect and summarize the existing information on these risk factors and establish their association with pathogenesis MPNs. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and grey literature were systematically searched u

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… The role of genotypes that modify the toxicity of chemical mutagens in the risk for myeloproliferative neoplasms. Int J Environ Res Publ Health. 2015;12(3):2465-2485. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120302465. 27. Stein BL, Rademaker A, Spivak JL, Moliterno AR. …