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Dysfunctional striatal-temporal connectivity is associated with a higher risk for violence in patients with schizophrenia.

Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit an elevated risk of violence compared to the general population. However, the neural mechanisms of violence in SZ are still unclear. This study examined the neural correlates linked to violence in SZ and determine whether the brain abnormalities were associated with psychotic symptoms of severe delusions. We performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and assessed the severity of clinical symptoms and personality traits in 140 male participants, aged 18 to 50 years, comprising 39 violent patients with schizophrenia (VSZ), 45 non-violen

Single-subject gray matter networks in patients with early- to late-stage Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVES: Although recent advances in network analysis have enabled individual assessment of brain networks using gray matter images, only a few studies have used gray matter networks in Parkinson's disease (PD) and were limited to a few patients with early-stage PD. We aimed to investigate gray matter network alterations and their correlation with clinical parameters, including disease severity and nigrostriatal degeneration, in patients with early- to late-stage PD. METHODS: We recruited 258 patients with PD and 406 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). The gray matter networks were

Spatiotemporal alterations of thalamo-cortical effective connectivity in major depressive disorder patients.

BACKGROUND: Thalamic structural and functional abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) are linked to impairments in diverse cognitive and emotional functions via the thalamo-cortical circuit. Given the constraints of temporal and spatial factors on information exchange, investigating frequency-specific effective connectivity (EC) is essential for elucidating the abnormal mechanisms of spatiotemporal information communication in patients with MDD. METHOD: We employed a large-scale, multicenter resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset comprising individuals wit

Altered Static and Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity and Combined Machine Learning in Stroke.

Stroke is a condition characterized by damage to the cerebral vasculature from various causes, resulting in focal or widespread brain tissue damage. Prior neuroimaging research has demonstrated that individuals with stroke present structural and functional brain abnormalities, evident through disruptions in motor, cognitive, and other vital functions. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies on alterations in static and dynamic functional network connectivity in the brains of stroke patients. Fifty stroke patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resona

Acute changes in functional connectivity associated with first osteopathic manual treatment in chronic low back pain spatially overlap with opioid receptor expression.

BACKGROUND: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) has emerged as a therapeutic approach for chronic low back pain (cLBP). Previous Magnetic Resonance (MR) studies have demonstrated that four weeks of OMT alter resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in the somatosensory cortex, prefrontal regions, and frontal operculum/insula. However, it remains unclear whether a single session of OMT can immediately affect brain rs-FC. METHODS: We combined a data-driven approach with a seed-based connectivity analysis to examine the pattern of whole-brain rs-FC in a cohort of thirty cLBP patients b

Altered functional connectivity of brainstem ARAS nuclei unveils the mechanisms of disorders of consciousness in sTBI: an exploratory study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional connectivity (FC) characteristics of Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), while introducing the Linear support vector machine (LSVM) to predict the recovery of consciousness. METHODS: Resting-state MRI was used to measure FC changes between the brainstem ARAS nuclei and whole-brain voxels. We compared the differences in FC between sTBI patients and healthy controls, as well as between the wake and DOC groups. Furthermore, the LSVM model for conscio

The DRN-VLO pathway via distinct 5-HT synaptic mechanisms modulates neuropathic pain-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice.

BACKGROUND: The neuronal activities within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) are strongly implicated in the development of depression, a condition comorbid with chronic pain. The goal of the present study was to determine whether and how the DRN-VLO pathway mediates chronic pain-induced depression. METHODS: Trigeminal neuralgia was induced unilaterally by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed by the open field test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Neuronal projection tracing, chemog

Characteristics of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar structural covariance network in Meige syndrome.

The traditional perspective posits that Meige syndrome is a movement disorder primarily attributed to basal ganglia dysfunction. With advancements in neuroimaging technology, particularly the advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), numerous morphometric studies have unveiled subtle alterations in whole-brain gray matter structure. Consequently, the conceptualization of Meige syndrome as a network disorder has gained increasing acceptance. Prior research has indicated that cortico-subcortical structural connectivity changes are implicated in movement disorders and appear to

Effect of Folate Deficiency on the Changes of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Monomethylation-Marked Enhancers and Its Molecular Exploration in Low Folate-Induced Neural Tube Defects.

Objective To investigate the effects of folate deficiency on changes in histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) mono-methylation (me1)-marked enhancers and the molecular mechanism underpinning the folate deficiency-induced neural tube defects (NTD). Methods Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were cultured in the folate-free DMEM medium (folate-deficient group) and the DMEM medium containing 4 mg/L folate (normal control group),respectively.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed for H3K4me1. The mouse model of folate-induced NTD was established,and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-se

Оптический анализ функционального воздействия демиелинации и ремиэлизации Cuprizone на межсферную нервную коммуникацию в антериорной кортекс через Corpus Callosum.

Cuprizone (CPZ) — широко используемый токсин, который вызывает демиелинизирующие заболевания в моделях животных, производя множественный склероз (MS), похожий на патологию в грызунах. CPZ является одним из немногих токсинов, которые вызывают демиелинацию и последующее воспоминание после прекращения ее применения. В этом исследовании рассматриваются функциональные последствия демиэлизации, вызванной КПЗ, и последующее восстановление нейронной связи в передней коре сингула (АКК) с уделением особого внимания соединению между полушариями через корпус каллосум (CC). Используя широкополосную высокос

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… These mechanisms may involve synaptic plasticity, axonal sprouting, or recruitment of alternative neural pathways that compensate for myelin loss and maintain interhemispheric communication ( Phokeo et al., 2002 ; Kwiecien, 2010 ). …

Characterizing normal perinatal development of the human brain structural connectivity.

Early brain development is characterized by the formation of a highly organized structural connectome, which underlies brain's cognitive abilities and influences its response to diseases and environmental factors. Hence, quantitative assessment of structural connectivity in the perinatal stage is useful for studying normal and abnormal neurodevelopment. However, estimation of the connectome from diffusion MRI data involves complex computations. For the perinatal period, these computations are further challenged by the rapid brain development, inherently low signal quality, imaging difficulties

Functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder evaluated using rs-fMRI and DKI.

We evaluated functional connectivity (FC) in patients with adult autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). We acquired rs-fMRI data from 33 individuals with ASD and 33 healthy controls (HC) and DKI data from 18 individuals with ASD and 17 HC. ASD showed attenuated FC between the right frontal pole (FP) and the bilateral temporal fusiform cortex (TFusC) and enhanced FC between the right thalamus and the bilateral inferior division of lateral occipital cortex, and between the cerebellar vermis and the right occipital fusifor

Frontal Cortex Acts as Causality Transition Hub from Mirror Network to Mentalizing Network During Action Intention Understanding.

Introduction: While understanding other's action intention, mirror and mentalizing systems of human brain are successively activated in action perception and intention inference processes. Methods: To reveal the relationship between mirror and mentalizing systems during the two stages, this electroencephalogram study adopted the method of time-varying orthogonalized partial directed coherence (OPDC) to assess causal interaction between mirror and mentalizing networks during a "hand-cup interaction" action intention understanding task. Results: Task-related causal connectivity was found in gamm

Emotion regulation in self-injurious youth: A tale of two circuits.

Two emotion regulation (ER) networks, the amygdala and ventral striatum (VS) circuits underpin defensive and reward processes related to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Youth who engaged in non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSIB) and healthy controls either watched images passively (passive condition) or increased their positive affect during positive/neutral images and decreased their negative affect during negative and self-harm images (regulate condition) in the scanner. NSSI youth showed higher amygdala to precuneus and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) connectivity while regulating emotions

Functional connectivity changes in two cortico-hippocampal networks of Alzheimer's disease continuum and their correlations with cognition: A SILCODE study.

BACKGROUND: The anterior-temporal (AT) and posterior-medial (PM) networks have been proposed to play pivotal roles in the memory processing associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, these two networks' intrinsic functional coupling characteristics are still vague in different AD stages. OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional connectivity (FC) alterations within and across the AT&PM networks in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and normal controls (NC). METHODS: A total of 368 participants ove

Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability.

Sulcation of the anterior cingulate may be defined by presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing during the third gestational trimester with implications on cognitive function and disease. In this cross-sectional study we examine task-free resting state functional connectivity and diffusion-weighted tract segmentation data from a cohort of healthy adults (< 60-year-old, n = 129), exploring the impact of ipsilateral paracingulate sulcal presence on structural and functional connectivity. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus was associated with reduced fractional anisotr

Cerebellum and basal ganglia connectivity in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease: an exploratory study.

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by dream-enacting behaviour with loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and is a prodromal feature of α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Although cortical-to-subcortical connectivity is well-studied in RBD, cerebellar and subcortical nuclei reciprocal connectivity is less established. Nonetheless, it could be relevant since RBD pathology involves brainstem structures with an ascending gradient. In this study, we utilised resting-state functional MRI to investigate

Aberrant Dynamic Network Connectivity Changes in Comorbid Depression and Overweight/Obesity: Insights From the Triple Network Model.

The interaction between major depressive disorder (MDD) and overweight/obesity has received considerable attention owing to its widespread occurrence and the intricate biopsychological implications involved. Despite extensive research, the neural mechanisms underlying these comorbid conditions, particularly in terms of functional network connectivity (FNC), are still not well understood. This study aimed to clarify these mechanisms by utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine both static and dynamic FNC. We analyzed data from 57 patients with both MDD a

Cross-Species Convergence of Functional Connectivity Changes in Thalamic Pain Across Human Patients and Model Macaques.

Thalamic pain can be understood as a network reorganization disorder. This study aimed to investigate functional connectivity (FC) in human patients and a macaque model of thalamic pain. In humans, resting-state FC was compared between patients with thalamic pain and healthy individuals. Furthermore, resting-state FC was compared in macaques, before and after the induction of thalamic pain in the same individuals. FC between the amygdala of the unaffected hemisphere and the brainstem was significantly higher in patients with thalamic pain. More specifically, a significantly higher FC was obser

Altered Corticobrainstem Connectivity during Spontaneous Fluctuations in Pain Intensity in Painful Trigeminal Neuropathy.

Chronic neuropathic pain can result from nervous system injury and can persist in the absence of external stimuli. Although ongoing pain characterizes the disorder, in many individuals, the intensity of this ongoing pain fluctuates dramatically. Previously, it was identified that functional magnetic resonance imaging signal covariations between the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter, rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and spinal trigeminal nucleus are associated with moment-to-moment fluctuations in pain intensity in individuals with painful trigeminal neuropathy (PTN). Since this brai