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Development and application of machine learning models for hematological disease diagnosis using routine laboratory parameters: a user-friendly diagnostic platform.

AimIn recent years, with the change of social environment, the incidence and detection rate of hematological diseases have shown an increasing trend. Early diagnosis and detection of hematological diseases are very important to improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.MethodsIn this study, we employed 54 clinical and conventional laboratory parameters. By optimally combining multiple feature selection methods and machine learning algorithms, we developed 7 machine learning models with varying feature set sizes. We comprehensively evaluated the performance of these models, analyzed

A probiotic approach identifies a Treg-centred immunoregulation via modulation of gut microbiota metabolites in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: Modulation of the gut microbiota composition has been suggested as a potential disease modifying therapy in immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a conclusive mechanism linking gut microbiota modulation to peripheral immune responses has remained elusive so far. METHODS: In this exploratory cohort study, people with MS (pwMS) and healthy controls (HC) supplemented a lactobacilli-rich probiotic for two or six weeks and were additionally investigated six weeks after the last intake. Immune cell phenotyping was performed in blood samples, complemented by

Exploring the Vasculitis-Tumors Link: Epidemiological Patterns, Mechanistic Insights, and Clinical Implications.

This review systematically examines the association between vasculitis and malignancies by summarizing the risk of tumor-associated vasculitis, their clinical characteristics, and proposed pathogenic mechanisms across different vasculitic subtypes. Relevant case reports and mechanistic studies are integrated to provide a comprehensive overview of this entity. The findings offer practical value for rheumatologists in distinguishing primary vasculitis from malignancy-associated forms and optimizing patient surveillance, and for oncologists in improving recognition of tumor-associated vasculitis

In vitro расширила человека CD4+CD25+ регуляционные T клетки, подавляющие распространение Т клеток.

Регулирующие Т клетки (Tregs) оказались критически важными в балансе между автоиммунизацией и терпимостью и были связаны с несколькими аутоиммунными заболеваниями человека. Однако небольшое число трегов в периферии крови ограничивает их терапевтический потенциал. Поэтому мы разработали протокол, который позволит расширить "Трегз" при сохранении их подавляющей активности. Мы изолировали клетки CD4+CD25 hi от человеческой периферической крови и расширили их in vitro в присутствии anti-CD3 и anti-CD28 Магнитные кситы и высокие концентрации внешнего интерлейкина (IL) -2. Траги были эффективно расш

Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in treatable dementias.

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Routine Laboratory-Based Machine Learning for Discriminating Multiple Myeloma from Clinical Mimickers: Development and Internal Validation of a Diagnostic Prediction Model.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis requires specialised testing that is not universally available, contributing to diagnostic delays. The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate statistical and machine learning (ML) models that discriminate MM from clinically similar conditions using exclusively routine laboratory parameters. Methods: This retrospective diagnostic prediction model study included 422 consecutive patients referred to hematology for suspected MM at a tertiary care center (2017-2025). Fifteen routine demographic and laboratory variables were used to train

Recurrent Mandibular Ewing sarcoma in an 11-year-old boy: a rare pediatric case and review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Mandibular Ewing sarcoma is exceptionally rare in children and frequently mimics common odontogenic infections. This overlap leads to delayed diagnosis and potentially rapid tumor progression. Early recognition and appropriate multimodal management are critical for improving outcomes. PATIENT CONCERNS: An 11.5-year-old Iranian boy of Middle Eastern ethnicity presented with progressive left mandibular swelling and pain for 1 month, unresponsive to antibiotic therapy previously prescribed for presumed dental abscess. DIAGNOSIS: Imaging (CT, MRI) revealed an aggressive destructive ma

Clinical characteristics of pyoderma gangrenosum: Case series and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic skin disease characterized by recurrent painful cutaneous ulcers, often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease, joint pain, and other systemic damage. This disease is relatively rare in clinical practice and its diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, leading to secondary infections in the skin lesions, prolonged disease course, and increased disease burden on patients. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with PG admitted to our hospital and conducted a literature rev

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 28th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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Invited Lectures : Overviews Purinergic signalling: past, present and future.

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Hijacking the helpers: platelet and neutrophil trafficking in AML and therapeutic exploitation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant hematologic malignancies, driven by clonal expansion of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Current therapies-chemotherapy and targeted agents-are limited by poor marrow penetration, systemic toxicity, and rapid development of resistant clones, leaving long-term survival rates low. Clinicians face the persistent challenge of delivering effective therapy while minimizing harm. Platelets and neutrophils-beyond their classical roles in hemostasis and innate immunity-actively suppor

"Complimenting the Complement": Mechanistic Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. HCC remains a global health problem and is highly aggressive with unfavorable prognosis. Even with surgical interventions and newer medical treatment regimens, patients with HCC have poor survival rates. These limited therapeutic strategies and mechanistic understandings of HCC immunopathogenesis urgently warrant non-palliative treatment measures. Irrespective of the multitude etiologies, the liver microenvironment in HCC is intricately associated with chronic

Early cytopenias and infections after standard of care idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) was FDA-approved in March 2021 for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after 4 lines of therapy. On the KarMMa trial, grade ≥ 3 cytopenias and infections were common. We sought to characterize cytopenias and infections within 100 days after ide-cel in the standard-of-care (SOC) setting. This multi-center retrospective study included 52 patients who received SOC ide-cel; 47 reached day-90 follow-up. Data were censored at day 100. Grade ≥ 3 cytopenia was present among 65% of patients at day 30 and 40% of patients at day 90. Granulocyte colony st

Transient increase in skeletal-related events after discontinuation of high-dose denosumab in cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Denosumab is widely used to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases. However, rebound bone resorption after discontinuation is recognized. In osteoporosis, discontinuation of low-dose denosumab increases multiple vertebral fractures, but data on high-dose discontinuation remain limited. METHODS: Among 493 patients treated with high-dose denosumab at our institution (2014-2023), 78 met eligibility criteria. SREs during and after treatment were compared using each patient as their own control. SREs were defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord co

Keyword Index for Volume 108

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Development and Internal Validation of a Risk Prediction Model to Identify Myeloma Based on Routine Blood Tests: A Case-Control Study.

Myeloma is one of the hardest cancers to diagnose in primary care due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. A rate-limiting step in diagnosing myeloma is the clinician considering myeloma and initiating appropriate investigations. We developed and internally validated a risk prediction model to identify those with a high risk of having undiagnosed myeloma based on results from routine blood tests taken for other reasons. A case-control study, based on 367 myeloma cases and 1488 age- and sex-matched controls, was used to develop a risk prediction model including results from 15 blood tests.

GroβT rapidly and reliably mobilizes primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in nonhuman primates.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy has gone through remarkable advancements in recent years, especially for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the collection of HSCs from SCD patients requires unique considerations, as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mediated mobilization is contraindicated, and plerixafor-only mobilization is highly variable. Consequently, alternative mobilization regimens that are safe for SCD patients and generate better cell yields are desirable for SCD HSC gene therapy. Here, we evaluated a combination of plerixafor (AMD3

Artificial Intelligence in Bone Marrow Histological Diagnostics: Potential Applications and Challenges.

The expanding digitalization of routine diagnostic histological slides holds a potential to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to pathology, including bone marrow (BM) histology. In this perspective, we describe potential tasks in diagnostics that can be supported, investigations that can be guided, and questions that can be answered by the future application of AI on whole-slide images of BM biopsies. These range from characterization of cell lineages and quantification of cells and stromal structures to disease prediction. First glimpses show an exciting potential to detect subtle phenotypic

Design of the EXercise Intervention after Stem cell Transplantation (EXIST) study: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an individualized high intensity physical exercise program on fitness and fatigue in patients with multiple myeloma or (non-) Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The use of high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation has improved the outcome of hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, this treatment can cause persistent fatigue and a reduced global quality of life, role and physical function. Physical exercise interventions may be beneficial for physical fitness, fatigue and quality of life. However, the trials conducted so far to test the effects of physical exercise interventions in this group of patients were of poor to moderate methodological quality and economic evaluations are lacking. Hence there is need

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… Disease status and treatment | Blood levels (incl. platelet and erythrocyte count), response to treatment, progression or relapse of disease and data on any additional treatment will be recorded from medical records. …

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in ambulatory patients with cancer.

Patients with cancer are at high risk of venous thromboembolic events, and this risk can be further increased in patients with certain cancer types and by cancer treatments. Guidelines on the prevention of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) recommend thromboprophylaxis for hospitalised patients; however, this is not routinely recommended for ambulatory patients receiving chemotherapy and is limited to specified high-risk patients. Identification of the ambulatory patients at risk of CAT who would most benefit from anticoagulant therapy is therefore critical to reduce the incidence of this comp