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Production and characterization of an acido-thermophilic, organic solvent stable cellulase from Bacillus sonorensis HSC7 by conversion of lignocellulosic wastes.

The acidophilic and thermophilic cellulase would facilitate the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel. In this study, Bacillus sonorensis HSC7 isolated as the best thermophilic cellulose degrading bacterium from Gorooh hot spring. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that, this strain closely related to the B. sonorensis. CMCase production was considered under varying environmental parameters. Results showed that, sucrose and (NH4)2SO4 were obtained as the best carbon and nitrogen sources for CMCase production. B. sonorensis HSC7 produced CMCase during the growth in optimized medium supp…

Ammonium N influences the uptakes, translocations, subcellular distributions and chemical forms of Cd and Zn to mediate the Cd/Zn interactions in dwarf polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) seedlings.

Ammonium (NH4+) would influence the uptake and translocation of Cd and Zn to mediate their interactions in wheat. Thus, the effects of NH4+ on Cd and Zn uptake, translocation, subcellular distributions and Cd chemical forms in dwarf polish wheat (DPW, Triticum polonicum L.) under Cd, Zn and Cd + Zn stresses with lack or supply of NH4+ was investigated. The biomasses of root and shoot were reduced by NH4+. NH4+ enhanced Cd and Zn uptakes, but inhibited their translocations. Under lack and supply of NH4+, Zn inhibited Cd uptakes, but promoted Cd translocations. Meanwhile, NH4+ reinforced the inh…

Characteristics of the microwave pyrolysis and microwave CO2-assisted gasification of dewatered sewage sludge.

Microwave drying-pyrolysis or drying-gasification characteristics were examined to convert sewage sludge into energy and resources. The gasi … but the tar and NOx precursors in the produced gas should be treated. Sludge char can be used as a biomass solid fuel or as a tar removal adsorbent if necessary.

Cyanobacterial Toxins of the Laurentian Great Lakes, Their Toxicological Effects, and Numerical Limits in Drinking Water.

Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous phototrophic bacteria that inhabit diverse environments across the planet. Seasonally, they dominate many eutrophic lakes impacted by excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forming dense accumulations of biomass known as cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms or cyanoHABs. Their dominance in eutrophic lakes is attributed to a variety of unique adaptations including N and P concentrating mechanisms, N₂ fixation, colony formation that inhibits predation, vertical movement via gas vesicles, and the production of toxic or otherwise bioactive molecules. While some of these…

Effect of gas-liquid flow pattern and microbial diversity analysis of a pilot-scale biotrickling filter for anoxic biogas desulfurization.

Hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas was studied under anoxic conditions in a pilot-scale biotrickling filter operated under counter- and co-current gas-liquid flow patterns. The best performance was found under counter-current conditions (maximum elimination capacity of 140 gS m(-3) h(-1)). Nevertheless, switching conditions between co- and counter-current flow lead to a favorable redistribution of biomass and elemental sulfur along the bed height. Moreover, elemental sulfur was oxidized to sulfate when the feeding biogas was disconnected and the supply of nitrate (electron acceptor) was main…

Selection and Application of Sulfide Oxidizing Microorganisms Able to Withstand Thiols in Gas Biodesulfurization Systems.

After the first commercial applications of a new biological process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from low pressure biogas, the … tes (4.5-9.1 mM d-1), consisting of a mix of methanethiol, ethanethiol, and propanethiol. With this biomass, it was possible to achieve a stable bioreactor operation at which 80% of the supplied H2S (61 mM d-1) was biologically oxidized to elemental sulfur. The remainder was chemically produced thiosulfate. Moreover, we found that a conventionally applied …

Therapeutic hypothermia achieves neuroprotection via a decrease in acetylcholine with a concurrent increase in carnitine in the neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.

Although therapeutic hypothermia is known to improve neurologic outcomes after perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, etiology remains unknown … ng in situ freezing. The profiling of 107 metabolites showed that hypothermia diminishes the carbon biomass related to acetyl moieties, such as pyruvate and acetyl-CoA; conversely, it increases deacetylated metabolites, such as carnitine and choline. Quantitative imaging mass spectrometry demarcated that hypothermia diminishes the acetylcholine contents s …

Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium (VI) by a soil-borne bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae B2-DHA.

Chromium and chromium containing compounds are discharged into the nature as waste from anthropogenic activities, such as industries, agricu … moval from the contaminated liquid medium. Chromium accumulation in cells was 320 µg/g of cells dry biomass after 120-h exposure, and thus it reduced the chromium concentration in the liquid medium by as much as 81%. Environmental scanning electron micrograph revealed the effect of metals on cellular morphology of the isolates. Altogether, our results ind …

Muscarine-like compounds derived from a pyrolysis product of cellulose.

Cellulose represents a key component of a renewable biomass source, from which chiral compounds with a high added value in the application for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules can be obtained. The anhydrosugar (1R,5S)-1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one (LAC), produced on the gram-scale by catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose, was used as a building block in the synthesis of five new enantiomerically pure muscarine-like products. The structures of the target compounds 4-8 showed different substituents at the C-2 and C-4 positions, but each of them had the same (2S,4R) con…

Antibiofilm agents against MDR bacterial strains: is bioactive glass BAG-S53P4 also effective?

OBJECTIVES: The treatment of bone and joint infections is challenging due to the presence of bacterial biofilm and the increasing emergence … h of incubation by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Significantly lower total biomass volumes were observed for all strains after treatment with BAG-S53P4 when compared with controls. Moreover, the percentage of dead cells was significantly higher in treated samples than in controls for all the tested strains. CONCLUSIONS: BAG-S53P4 …

Antimicrobial potential of phylogenetically unique actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. JRG-04 from marine origin.

Due to the emergence of severe infectious diseases and thriving antibiotic resistance, there is a need to explore microbial-derived bioactiv … t on H9C2 cells. 16S rRNA shared 99.5% sequence similarity to Streptomyces longispororuber. Optimum biomass and antimicrobial compound production were observed in production medium supplemented with 1.0% maltose and 0.5% yeast extract. The active compound purified from the chloroform extract of the cell-free supernatant was studied by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C N …

Clinical relevance of bronchial anthracofibrosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), which is associated with exposure to biomass smoke in inefficiently ventilated indoor areas, can take the form of obstructive lung disease. Patients with BAF can mimic or present with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of BAF in Korean patients with COPD exacerbation as well as to examine the clinical features of these patients in order to determine its clinical relevance. METHODS: A total of 206 patients with COPD exacerbation were divided into BAF an…

The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) is associated with occupational hazardous dust exposure. The aim of the present study was to de … investigate the association between BAC/BAF and risk factors such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, and biomass fuel exposure.

Hyaluronic acid derived from other streptococci supports Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro biofilm formation.

We investigate the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on S. pneumoniae in vitro biofilm formation and evaluate gene expressions of virulence and/or biofilm related genes. Biofilms were grown in medium supplied with HA derived from capsule of Streptococcus equi. The biomasses of biofilms were detected by crystal-violet (CV) microtiter plate assay, and the morphology was viewed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gene expressions were assessed by relative quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the HA support pneumococcal growth in planktonic form and within biofilms. The CV-microtiter …

Soil application of dinitroaniline and arylphenoxy propionic herbicides influences the activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in soil.

An experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of two systemic herbicides, viz. pendimethalin (a dinitroa … ulated the growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms which increased microbial biomass resulting in higher accumulation of oxidizable organic carbon, total and available phosphorus in soil as compared to untreated control. The combined application of both the herbicides highly stimulated the proliferations of phosphate-solubilizing mi …

Overcoming drug resistance with alginate oligosaccharides able to potentiate the action of selected antibiotics.

The uncontrolled, often inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with m … at biofilm. Biofilm growth was visibly weakened in the presence of 10% OligoG, as seen by decreased biomass and increased intercellular spaces, with the bacterial cells themselves becoming distorted and uneven due to apparently damaged cell membranes. This report demonstrates the feasibility of reducing the tolerance of wound biofilms to antibiotics with …

Misdiagnosed vitamin B12 deficiency a challenge to be confronted by use of modern screening markers.

UNLABELLED: In this study, bacterial strains isolated from olive oil mill wastewater assigned to Bacillus (n = 4) and Klebsiella (n = 1) genera, were evaluated for their ability to accumulate intracellular PHA granules using Sudan Black staining. A maximum PHA production of 0.14 g/L (i.e., 30.2% wt./wt. in dry biomass) was observed in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain OM81 after 72 h of incubation in the presence of 2% glucose (synthetic medium). To reduce bioplastic production costs and recover a polluting product, olive mill wastewater was tested as a carbon source. In this context, the maxi…

Разработка экспериментального производственного процесса и характеристика рекомбинантного японского энцефалитного пакета домена III белка, выраженного в Escherichia coli.

Японский энцефалит (JEV) является наиболее важной причиной энцефалита в большинстве азиатских регионов. В домене III JEV (JEV EDIII) белок участвует в связывании рецепторов, и он содержит конкретные эпитопы, которые вызывают антитела, нейтрализующие вирусы. Очень иммуногенный, рекомбинированный белок JEV EDIII был выражен в Escherichia coli. Для того чтобы взять этого кандидата на вакцину для дальнейших исследований, был произведен рекомбинантный белок JEV EDIII с использованием экспериментального процесса ферментации. Рекомбинантный белок JEV EDIII, выраженный в виде инклюзивных тел (IBs), бы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most important cause of encephalitis in most Asian regions. JEV envelope domain III (JEV EDIII) pro … . About ~124 mg of highly purified and biologically active EDIII protein was obtained from 100 g of biomass. Biological function of the purified EDIII protein was confirmed by their ability to generate EDIII-specific antibodies in mice that could neutralize the virus. These findings suggest that recombinant JEV EDIII protein in combination with compatible …

Intra-urban air pollution in a rapidly growing Sahelian city.

In this paper we analyze spatial and temporal variations of air pollution (PM(1), PM(2.5), PM(10), CO, NO(x), O(3), Toluene and Benzene) and … were transported dust and re-suspension of dust from unpaved roads, but also traffic emissions and biomass burning. The spatial variations are examined with focus on effects for variations in potential exposure depending on for example area of residence and daily activity pattern, showing that great differences are likely to exist. Ouagadougou, like most …

Identification of trichotoxin, a novel chlorinated compound associated with the bloom forming Cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium thiebautii.

Trichodesmium is a suspected toxin-producing nonheterocystous cyanobacteria ubiquitous in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas. The genus is known for its ability to fix nitrogen and form massive blooms. In oligotrophic seas, it can dominate the biomass and be a major component of oceanic primary production and global nitrogen cycling. Numerous reports suggest Trichodesmium-derived toxins are a cause of death of fish, crabs, and bivalves. Laboratory studies have demonstrated neurotoxic effects in T. thiebautii cell extracts and field reports suggest respiratory distress and contact dermat…