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EGCG alleviates colitis in inflammatory bowel disease via gut microbiota-derived LCA and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide and has caused an enormous economic burden. As the main polyphenolic bioactive substance in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we explore the potential mechanism by which EGCG relieves experimental colitis by regulating gut microbiota. It revealed colon inflammation in mice was alleviated after oral EGCG treatment. In addition, 16S-rRNA and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that EGCG reversed the microbiota imbalance of colitis mice, enriched BA synthes

Resveratrol in ulcerative colitis: therapeutic mechanisms, animal model evidence and novel approaches.

Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and ulcerations in colon. This illness has significant health risks as it easily relapses, thus, providing a considerable threat to human health. A number of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and role of gut microbes have been studied thoroughly to understand the exact pathophysiology behind the disease occurrence. Several conventional therapies are available for the treatment of ulcerative colitis but each one of them have one or the other side effect. T

Tissue-adhesive, antibacterial, and macrophage-reprogramming hydrogel for sealing colorectal anastomotic leakage and promoting healing.

Intestinal anastomosis is indispensable for treating inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, yet anastomotic leakage (AL) remains a frequent, life-threatening complication that markedly prolongs hospitalization. Conventional suturing affords limited protection against leakage and infection. Here, we report an injectable, multifunctional hydrogel (PGOT) composed of γ-poly(glutamic acid) conjugated with L-cysteine and dopamine (γ-PGA-Cys-DA), oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM), and tannic acid (TA). Dynamic thiol-aldehyde cross-linking affords rapid gelation (∼12 s) and repeatable self

Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Longan Fruit By-products for Liver Diseases: Pathway to Functional Foods.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The massive processing of longan fruit consequently generates a significant quantity of by-products that are a nuisance to the environment. This review aims to tap these by-products for sustainable applications in treating hepatic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Ethnobotanical investigations show that longan fruit has been utilized in liver functioning for over two millennia and is supported by contemporary scientific findings. Recent studies highlighted that these by-products contain bioactive compounds that decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, key drivers of liver disea

Flavonoids as Antimicrobial Agents: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. These bioactive molecules exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of microbial cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, suppression of biofilm formation, and interference with key bacterial enzymes. Notable flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol exhibit potent activity against bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aur

LC-MS/MS analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts derived from Urtica dioica leaves and roots.

This research examined the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Urtica dioïca, a plant widely used in traditional medicine. The total polyphenol content in the leaves and roots were 5.37mg EAG/g and 1.21 mg EAG/g, respectively, while the flavonoid content was 0.40 mg QAE/g (leaves) and 0.19 mg QAE/g (roots). Using LC-MS/MS, 22 compounds were identified in the roots and 27 in the leaves, with gallic acid and 4-methylguaiacol found predominantly in both extracts. Unique to the leaf extract were Phenylethyl Ester and 3,5-Dimethoxyphenol. The extracts were tested aga

Design, synthesis and biological activity of 8-hydroxy modified urolithin A derivatives as phosphodiesterase type II (PDE2) inhibitors.

Urolithin A (UA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound.Due to its remarkable efficacy in safeguarding the central nervous system, UA has emerged as a promising candidate for drug development targeting neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. However, the source of UA is limited and the activity of UA to inhibit PDE2 needs to be further improved. Therefore, this study will be optimized on the basis of UA to seek PDE2 inhibitors with better activity. In this study, we designed a series of UA derivatives based on 4HTX as the target protein and UA as the lead compound, utilizing th

Regulatory effects of resveratrol on nitric oxide signaling in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular illnesses are multifactorial disorders and represent the primary reasons for death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is extremely permeable across cellular membranes owing to its unique molecular features, like its small molecular size, lipophilicity, and free radical properties. Some of the biological effects of NO are vasodilation, inhibition in the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, and functional regulation of cardiac cells. Several therapeutic approaches have been tested to increase the production of NO or

Lignin Nanoparticles from Coffee Grounds Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Coffee Grounds Lignin and Induce Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cell Lines.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide, with morbidity and mortality rates increasing annually. Consequently, the development of safe and effective natural anti-tumor drugs has become a critical research focus. Lignin, a polyphenolic polymer abundant in nature, possesses a unique chemical structure that imparts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tumor cell-related bioactivities, demonstrating remarkable potential in the prevention and treatment of CRC. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor cell effects of coffee grounds lignin nanoparticles (CLN), p

On the intrinsic stability of curcumin.

Curcumin is the primary polyphenol and active ingredient in turmeric, which has demonstrated anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, leading to a significant effort to produce therapeutic variants, with, for example, improved solubility. However, numerous questions remain about the biological activity of curcumin, including whether curcumin, or a metabolite, is responsible for these therapeutic properties, the nature of the mechanism(s) of biological activity for the active species and the potential role of photochemistry. Underpinning these questions is a l

Covalent engineering of pectin-whey protein isolate conjugates enhances mucoadhesion and bioaccessibility of curcumin microparticles: Strategic impacts of crosslinking modalities.

This study systematically investigates the structure-function relationships between Maillard-glycated (PWM) and genipin-mediated crosslinked (PWG) pectin-whey protein isolate (WPI) complexes, with particular emphasis on their differential impacts on bioadhesive performance and digestion profiles for curcumin-loaded delivery systems. Both crosslinking strategies induced structural unfolding of WPI and endogenous pectin proteins, exposing amino-active sites that facilitated their reconstitution into stable complexes. PWG developed denser and more homogeneous hydrophobic microdomain networks comp

Design, synthesis, and integrated in silico analysis of novel difluoroboron curcumin analogues as potent inhibitors of the K562 leukemia cell line.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, exhibits broad anticancer properties but is limited by poor stability and bioavailability. To overcome these flaws while enhancing potency, a series of five novel difluoroboron curcumin analogues (Cox1-Cox5) were synthesized and characterized. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the K562 human leukemia cell line using the MTT assay, revealing IC₅₀ values ranging from a potent 27.1 µg/mL to 58.6 µg/mL. To elucidate the structural basis of this activity, a comprehensive computational investigation was performed. Molecular docking studies identified huma

Synergistic effects of curcumin and stem cells on spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that permanently or temporarily disrupts its function, causing considerable autonomic, sensory, and motor disorders, and involves between 10 and 83 cases per million yearly. Traumatic SCI happens following primary acute mechanical damage, leading to injury to the spinal cord tissue and worsening clinical outcomes. The present therapeutic strategies for this complex disease fundamentally rely on surgical approaches and conservative remedies. However, these modalities are not effective enough for neurological recovery. Therefore, it is necess

Resveratrol Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Inhibiting Notch Pathway.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication that threatens the daily lives of patients with diabetes and represents a serious challenge to the global health system. Considering that impaired wound healing is the leading cause of DFU, exploring the mechanism of diabetic wound healing is beneficial for improving DFU treatment. Resveratrol (RES) is a native polyphenol with various pharmacological characteristics, and recent studies have indicated an accelerated function of RES in diabetic wound healing. As human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) play a significant role in diabetic wo

Plant Phenolics in the Prevention and Therapy of Acne: A Comprehensive Review.

Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, among which phenolics are the most abundant. To date, over 8000 various polyphenolic compounds have been identified in plant species, among which phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes and lignans are the most important ones. Acne is one of the most commonly treated dermatological diseases, among which acne vulgaris and rosacea are the most frequently diagnosed. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of a detailed scientific presentation and discussion on the importance of plant phenolics in the treatment of the most common sp

Adjuvant Properties of Caffeic Acid in Cancer Treatment.

Caffeic acid (CA) is a polyphenol belonging to the phenylpropanoid family, commonly found in plants and vegetables. It was first identified by Hlasiwetz in 1867 as a breakdown product of caffetannic acid. CA is biosynthesized from the amino acids tyrosine or phenylalanine through specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Extensive research since its discovery has revealed various health benefits associated with CA, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These effects are attributed to its ability to modulate several pathways, such as inhibiting NFkB, STAT3, and ERK

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… CA is a naturally occurring polyphenol found widely in the plant kingdom, particularly in beverages like coffee and yerba mate, which are consumed worldwide. Polyphenols are characterized by a benzene structure functionalized with one or more hydroxyl groups. … The Phenol-Explorer database (accessed on 12 March 2024) ( http://phenol-explorer.eu/ ) offers comprehensive information on polyphenol levels in various foods, comprising over 35,000 data points encompassing 500 distinct polyphenols across more than 400 food items. …

Curcumin analogue AC17-loaded dissolvable microneedles activate FOXO3 and enhance localized drug delivery for oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment.

Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from turmeric, is a potential alternative for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) due to its remarkable anticancer activity and low systemic toxicity. To further enhance the anticancer activity and bioavailability of curcumin, we synthesized a curcumin analogue, AC17, by modifying the benzene ring and methylene group of curcumin. A soluble hyaluronic acid microneedle patch (AC17@HAMN) was developed to ensure accurate and safe delivery of AC17 to tumor tissues. The inhibitory effect of AC17 on OSCC cells was stronger than that of curcumin and so

Resveratrol enhances the protective effects of calcium supplements on spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis by targeting the SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to osteoporosis due to factors like immobilization and hormonal imbalances. Calcium supplements are prescribed to help maintain bone health, but their efficacy may be limited. This study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound, could enhance the protective effects of calcium supplements on SCI-induced osteoporosis via the SIRT1/FOXO3a pathway, which regulates bone metabolism. Surgical cord transection induced SCI at the T9 vertebral level. An SCI mouse model was used with four groups: sham, SCI, SCI + 2% calcium, and SCI + calcium + 

Bio-oil Fractionation According to Polarity and Molecular Size: Characterization and Application as Antioxidants.

Bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis has great potential for several applications after being upgraded and refined. This study established a method for separating bio-oil into different fractions based on polarity and molecular size to extract phenolic and polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The fractions were analyzed using various spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, such as GC/MS, FTIR, UV-vis, SEC, DOSY-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR. The antioxidant properties of these fractions were tested by examining their ability to improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel.

Arginine-Nanoenzyme with Timely Angiogenesis for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing.

The successful treatment of diabetic wounds requires strategies that promote anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization of the wound. Excessive oxidative stress in diabetic ulcers (DUs) inhibits cell proliferation and hinders timely vascular formation and macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2, resulting in a persistent inflammatory environment and a nonhealing wound. We designed arginine-nanoenzyme (FTA) with mimic-catalase and arginine-loading. 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzaldehyde and arginine (Arg) were connected by a Schiff base bond, and the nanoa