Результаты поиска

[The effect of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome on cardiac second window preconditioning].

Preconditioning is the most powerful endogenous mechanism, to protect the heart against ischemic damage. Conflicting data are published whet … e mice could be induced in the lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) model for dyslipidemia. The leptin deficient (ob/ob) model, characterized by insulin resistance and abdominal obesity had, identically to the DKO model, a larger infarct size. A second window of preconditioning could be induced, although it was less pronounced than the wild type and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects beyond the lungs.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general and the musculoskeletal eff … pregulation of mRNA for key enzymes, increased energy expenditure and neurohormonal effects such as leptin production and an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic hormone homeostasis. SUMMARY: The findings noted above may well have the common link of inflammation in and beyond the lungs.

Signal transduction in trophoblast invasion.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, well-differentiated primary cells of the placenta known as trophoblast cells grow in an invasive and destructive fashion similar to malignancies, but limited in space and time. The comparison of trophoblast cells with their malignant counterpart, human choriocarcinoma cells, offers an attractive model to understand the origin or development of malignant growth. Several cytokines and growth factors are known to influence trophoblast migration (e.g. EGF, IGF-2, HGF), proliferation (e.g. leptin, HGF, GM-CSF) and/or invasion (e.g. leukemia inhibitory factor…

Adynamic bone disease: an update and overview.

Adynamic bone disease (ABD) is a variety of renal osteodystrophy characterized by reduced osteblasts and osteoclasts, no accumulation of ost … ecreased production and circulating levels of bone morphogenetic proteins, the peripheral effect of leptin and also a possible effect of increased N-terminal truncated PTH molecular species, which have been found to counteract the whole molecule, PTH 1-84 on the bone. In conclusion, ABD should probably be considered a skeletal condition induced by overtr …

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on insulin sensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) is a frequent condition, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both diseases are char … BMI. Glycaemic control was unaffected after 3 months (HbA1c 6.3 +/- 0.6%; not significant). Fasting leptin levels showed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that OSA itself is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance. This effect may be explained by the elevated sympathetic activity in OSA.

Dominant inhibitory adipocyte-specific secretory factor (ADSF)/resistin enhances adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity.

Adipocyte-specific secretory factor (ADSF)/resistin is a small cysteine-rich protein secreted from adipose tissue that belongs to a gene fam … f the enhanced adipocyte differentiation, the ADSF-hFc transgenic mice show increased expression of leptin and adiponectin in adipose tissue. The elevated circulating levels for these adipocyte-derived hormones with decreased plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels may account for the improved glucose and insulin tolerance in these transgenic mice …

Identification of an alternative splicing transcript for the resistin gene and distribution of its mRNA in human tissue.

OBJECTIVE: Adipocytes secrete a number of molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin and free fatty acids that can influence the ability of the body to metabolize glucose. Recently, a novel 12.5 kDa cysteine-rich protein, termed resistin, was shown to be secreted by adipocytes. Resistin expression was markedly induced during the conversion of 3T3-L1 cells to mature adipocytes. Expression of resistin has been studied in human, mouse and rat; however, sequence information about an alternative splicing variant (ASV) of resistin mRNA has not been reported. In the present study, we inves…

Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by near complete absence of adipose tissue f … ertriglyceridemia, and acanthosis nigricans. However, patients with BSCL2 mutations had lower serum leptin levels, an earlier onset of diabetes, and higher prevalence of mild mental retardation compared with other subtypes. We conclude that besides AGPAT2 and BSCL2, there may be additional loci for CGL. The genetic heterogeneity in CGL patients is accomp …

Increased insulin sensitivity despite lipodystrophy in Crebbp heterozygous mice.

The CBP protein (cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding protein) is a co-activator for several transcription factors with a wi … e completely protected from body weight gain induced by a high-fat (HF) diet. We observed increased leptin sensitivity and increased serum adiponectin levels in Crebbp+/- mice. These increased effects of insulin-sensitizing hormones secreted from WAT may explain, at least in part, the phenotypes of Crebbp+/- mice. This study demonstrates that CBP may fun …

Hypocretin/orexin and sleep: implications for the pathophysiology and diagnosis of narcolepsy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. The discovery that the majori … les. Consequently, up to one-third of patients are obese (body mass index > 30). Furthermore, serum leptin levels are decreased in both nonoverweight and obese patients. The new rodent models for narcolepsy may aid in the further characterization of these endocrinological abnormalities. Finally, there is increasing insight into the physiological role of …

Obesity, hypertension, and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Several epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity represents an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, … t with the SNS to elevate BP, as the combination of the two seems to produce vascular constriction. Leptin also has several cardiovascular actions that may contribute to BP regulation. Epidemiologic studies also found that SNS activity predicts hypertension in obese subjects.

Deciphering obesity: a conceptual overview and synthesis.

Obesity represents a multifactorial disorder rooted in genetic, developmental, and environmental influences. Its persistence and heterogenei … peptides (ghrelin and incretins) that denote the messages to be conveyed and larger molecules like leptin that establish long-term tone. Recognizing this relationship clarifies why incretin therapies, though transformative, remain symptomatic rather than curative. These insights highlight the need for therapies that reprogram metabolic memory and restor …

Systemic implications of osteoarthritis: from local degeneration to systemic metabolic Dysregulation.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally viewed as a localized "wear-and-tear" pathology, osteoarthritis (OA) is now increasingly recognized as a complex s … ced "metaflammation" and insulin resistance, exacerbate joint degeneration through adipokines (e.g. leptin, resistin), forming a vicious bidirectional cycle. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude by discussing how this systemic paradigm necessitates a shift in therapeutic strategies, moving from symptomatic management to holistic interventions. These include targeti …

Parallel Pathways, Divergent Outcomes: Adipose Tissue-Neural Crosstalk in Depression and Obesity.

Depression and obesity are amongst the most serious global health challenges. Each of them is associated with high morbidity, chronicity, an … a deep impact on neuroimmune signalling and mood regulation through its secreted molecules, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, omentin, apelin, chemerin, and visfatin. The current management of depression involves a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacological treatment and psychotherapeutic support, alongside lifestyle cha …

Позвоните посредникам в Множественной миеломе: увязка ожирения с болезнями костей с помощью воспаленных путей.

У пациентов, у которых диагностирован множественный миелома (ММ), основные жалобы на момент диагностики часто связаны с костями, что существенно влияет на качество жизни и повышает заболеваемость и смертность. Ожирение ассоциируется с хроническим воспалительным состоянием, которое приводит к производству различных цитокинов и адипокинов, что может способствовать разрушению костей. Адипониктин, адипокин, в основном скрытый адипоцитами, значительно сокращается в обращении среди лиц с ожирением, что также наблюдается в MM. Это сокращение может привести к нарушению и без того скомпрометированной а

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), the primary complaints at the time of diagnosis are often related to bone involvement, sig … already compromised bone architecture. The increase in adipose tissue is associated with heightened leptin production, a key adipokine, which can play a significant role in the pathophysiology of MM and its related bone complications. Obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia and increased levels of free IGF-1. In MM, IGF-1 plays a critical role as a g …

High Body Fat in Normal Weight Girls Was Related to Inflammatory Markers and Cardiometabolic Risk.

AIM: The aim was to evaluate the relationship between body fat (BF) in girls and inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors. MET … with higher levels of blood pressure (r = 0.323), triglycerides (r = 0.146), uric acid (r = 0.358), leptin (r = 0.712), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.336), insulin (r = 0.258) and markers of insulin resistance (r = 0.265, r = 0.159). It was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.222). In girls with a normal b …

Overview and expression of GLUT in gestational diabetes mellitus: A literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that develops during pregnancy. Glucose transporters (G … 12 in humans and 3 in animals). The studies showed that interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and leptin correlated negatively with the expression of GLUT1 in patients with GDM. The three murine studies showed that hyperglycemia was associated with decreased GLUT2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of GLUT expression at the gestational stage provides a …

A combination of alveolar type 2-specific p38α activation with a high-fat diet increases inflammatory markers in mouse lungs.

Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease afflict millions of individuals globally and are signi … cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1β and eotaxin, as well as a reduction in levels of leptin and adiponectin within the lung. Neither high-fat diet nor p38αD176A+F327S alone induced such outcomes. Perhaps in obese individuals with associated respiratory diseases, elevated p38α activity which happens to occur is the factor that promotes thei …

Case Report: Improvement in cognitive functioning following setmelanotide initiation in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic condition that results from mutations in a variety of genes crucial for ciliary transport. Consequently, patients with BBS present with a wide array of clinical signs and symptoms that include multiple organ systems. In particular there is a high burden of metabolic disturbances, such as obesity, hyperphagia, and type 2 diabetes, due to the impaired leptin-melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway that prevents appropriate activation of MC4R that is normally responsible for signaling hunger and satiety. As such, setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, has bee…

Analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of plasma sTNFr-2 concentrations in identifying sarcopenia in community-dwelling older women.

While the potential of immunological biomarkers as an alternative to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of sarcopenia has been … of sarcopenia. A panel of biomarkers, including adiponectin, BDNF, IFN, IL-2, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, and their soluble type 1 and 2 receptors, was measured using ELISA and flow cytometry. The associations between sarcopenia and a panel of biomarkers were verified by logistic regression analysis, and the cutoff points were determin …