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Evaluating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Making Clinical Decisions for Treating Acute Pancreatitis.

Background/Objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an illness that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment since it has the potential to become life-threatening. The American College of Gastroenterology 2024 (ACG24) guidelines offer a framework for diagnosis, severity, and treatment criteria. To assess Google Gemini application of ACG24 guidelines to Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III AP cases for risk, nutrition, and complication management. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was based on 512 patients with AP who were treated in the Medical Information Mart for Inte

Prevalence and possible causes of crying and mild gastrointestinal and skin symptoms in infants reported by healthcare professionals - worldwide data.

OBJECTIVE: Many infants experience crying, mild gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (such as regurgitation, constipation, and diarrhea) and skin symptoms during the first year of life. However, little is known about the prevalence and the management of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to gather insights in the experiences, prevalences, and potential causes of mild-to-moderate crying and GI and skin symptoms in healthy infants (< 12 months) as reported by health care professionals (HCPs) globally. METHODS: The study was conducted among HCPs from six regions (China (CN), Europe (EU), Mexico

Digital Health Intervention to Reduce Malnutrition Among Individuals With Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving Cytoreductive Surgery Combined With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability Trial.

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) can improve survival outcomes for individuals with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and peritoneal disease (PD). Individuals with GI cancer and PD receiving CRS-HIPEC are at increased risk for malnutrition. Despite the increased risk for malnutrition, there has been limited study of nutritional interventions for individuals receiving CRS-HIPEC. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of Support Through Remote Observation and Nutrition Guidance (STRONG), a multile

Discovery of a novel symbiotic lineage associated with a hematophagous leech from the genus Haementeria.

UNLABELLED: Similarly to other strict blood feeders, leeches from the Haementeria genus (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) have established a symbiotic association with bacteria harbored intracellularly in esophageal bacteriomes. Previous genome sequence analyses of these endosymbionts revealed co-divergence with their hosts, a strong genome reduction, and a simplified metabolism largely dedicated to the production of B vitamins, which are nutrients lacking from a blood diet. 'Candidatus Providencia siddallii' has been identified as the obligate nutritional endosymbiont of a monophyletic clade of M

Lipid Compositions of Total Parenteral Nutrition Affect Gut Peyer's Patches and Morphology in Mice.

INTRODUCTION: Although parenteral nutrition (PN) is the only option for providing adequate nutrition to patients who cannot tolerate oral in … e underwent jugular vein catheter insertion. The PN groups were given isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutritional support with 20% of total calories from fat emulsions with equivalent fat delivery in 11.9 g/kg/d. After 5 d of each feeding, Peyer's patches lymphocytes were isolated from the small intestine, counted and analyzed with flowcytometry for determination of th …

The metabolic response to stress in critical illness: updated review on the pathophysiological mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications.

The understanding of the response to stress in critical illness has significantly improved in recent years. These adaptations unfold across acute, subacute, and chronic phases, with an early adaptive catabolic state, marked anabolic resistance, and a later transition toward recovery. The aim of this updated review is to summarize recent advancements focusing on pathophysiological changes in endocrine, immune, gut, and mitochondrial functions and their effects on the metabolic shift in energy production, using glycolysis and the utilization of lactate and ketones as alternative pathways to meet

Exploring Plant-Based Nutrition for Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review of Dietary Intake and Potential Applications.

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant global public health challenge, with affected individuals often exhibiting poor dietary habits, nutritional deficiencies, and compromised mental and physical health. This scoping review evaluates existing literature on dietary intake in individuals with SUDs, focusing on the potential benefits of plant-based dietary interventions for improving nutritional status and supporting recovery. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched using PICO-based terms, targeting studies as

Effect of jejunal long-term feeding in chronic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: In the late course of chronic pancreatitis (CP), weight loss is often seen because of reduced caloric intake and a reduction of pancreatic enzyme secretion, resulting in maldigestion. Most of these patients can be managed by dietary recommendations and pancreatic enzyme supplementation. However, approximately 5% of these patients are reported to be candidates for enteral nutrition support during their course of CP. Although small bowel access for enteral feeding can be easily obtained by percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG/J) or direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

Effectiveness of mHealth-Based Nutritional Interventions on Iron Status of Pregnant Women: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a global health concern. It is disproportionately prevalent among pregnant women in low-resource regions, where iron deficiency is the leading cause. Given the multifactorial nature of anemia, a range of nutritional interventions is recommended. However, effective implementation is often hindered by limited health care access, poor adherence to supplementation, and gaps in nutrition knowledge and counseling. To address these challenges and optimize hemoglobin (Hb) levels among pregnant women, mobile health (mHealth)-based nutritional interventions offer a promising altern

Development and Implementation of an eHealth Oncohematonootric Program: Descriptive, Observational, Prospective Cohort Pilot Study.

BackgroundIn oncohematology, both the development of the disease and the side effects of antineoplastic treatment often take a toll on patients' physical and nutritional well-being. In this era of digital transformation, we launched a pioneering project for oncohematologic patients to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle and improve their physical and nutritional well-being. We aim to achieve this goal by involving doctors and nutritionists through the Nootric app.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the impact of the use of eHealth tools to facilitate nutrition and well-being in oncohematol

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… This study provides initial data on the effectiveness of a novel physical and nutritional support program aimed at patients with malignant hemopathies (largely represented in our study as lymphoproliferative syndromes and multiple myeloma) receiving targeted cancer treatment. … Regarding other works in the field, there is little information about the best nutritional support for patients with cancer [ 9 , 19 , 20 ]. …

Nutrition and Human Performance in Military Aviation: A Narrative Review.

INTRODUCTION: Military aviation imposes physiological and cognitive demands that make nutrition relevant to flight safety, mission performance, aeromedical readiness, and Force Health Protection. Aircrew operate under stressors including hypoxia, high +Gz exposure, thermal strain, circadian disruption, restricted cockpit access to food and fluids, and sustained cognitive burden. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on hydration, macronutrients and nutrient timing, caffeine, dietary supplements, and diet quality as they relate to human performance and aeromedical readiness in military avi

The Effects of Malnutrition and Refeeding on Perioperative Wound Complications in Surgical Patients With Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating disorders (EDs) with the highest mortality rate of psychiatric illnesses and medical complications, often due to protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, leading to poor long-term outcomes. Patients with EDs undergo changes in nutritional status that manifest as decreased skin tensile strength, impaired immune function, reduced collagen production, and disrupted electrolyte and fluid balance, thereby increasing the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), pressure ulcers (PUs), refeeding syndrome (RS), and edema/refee

[Analysis of the nutritional parameters and adjustment of the requirements of the initial parenteral nutrition in post surgical critically ill patients].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze nutritional parameters in critical post-surgical patients under stressful conditions, their evolution, and to assess … wer in these patients than in those not recuperating their albumin levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional support is essential, particularly in those patients with a significant level of hyponutrition before surgical intervention, low weighed patients, or in those submitted to gastrointestinal surgery. In our study, baseline PN prescriptions were adjusted to re …

Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrition is important for optimal immune and metabolic function. Dietary support may, therefore, improve clinical outcomes in HIV-infected individuals by reducing the incidence of HIV-associated complications and attenuating progression of HIV disease, improving quality of life and ultimately reducing disease-related mortality. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of various macronutrient interventions, given orally, in reducing morbidity and mortality in adults and children living with HIV infection. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (up to August 2011), MEDLINE

Dietary Cannabis Seed Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation and Pancreatic Injury in a Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis Mouse Model.

Cannabis seed (CS), also known as hemp seed, is a nutrient-dense plant-derived food material rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive components with reported anti-inflammatory properties. However, potential nutritional effects of CS on acute pancreatitis (AP), an inflammation-driven disease with limited dietary management strategies, have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary CS extract in a cerulein-induced AP mouse model. CS extract (5, 10, or 50 mg/kg) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) was orally administered 1 h prior to cerulein injection, an

Precision nutrition and chronic disease: Integrating genomics, microbiome, and digital health for personalized dietary interventions.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, account for more than 70% of global mortality and impose a disproportionate burden on low- and middle-income countries. Traditional, population-level dietary guidelines often fail to address population-level dietary guidelines often fail to account for the considerable inter-individual variability in metabolic responses to food. Personalized nutrition (PN), informed by genomics, metabolomics, gut microbiome composition, and behavioral factors, has emerged as an effectiv

Older adults' acceptability and perceived barriers to digital health tools integrating nutrition and physical activity: a focus group study.

INTRODUCTION: The rapid ageing of the population presents significant public health challenges, particularly in countries with high life expectancy such as Italy. Although nutrition and physical activity are key determinants of healthy ageing, many older adults do not meet recommended guidelines. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies may support healthy behaviors; however, evidence on older adults' perspectives remains limited, especially in the Italian context. This study aimed to explore experiences, perceptions, and expectations regarding mHealth tools for nutrition and physical activity. M

Machine learning models for predicting crude protein and fat content in black soldier fly larvae: Comparative study based on substrate and environmental factors.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are rich in crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE), offering substantial potential for animal feed and biodiesel production. However, their nutritional composition is dynamically influenced by multiple factors. Traditional chemical detection methods are inefficient to meet the practical demands of modern farming. Therefore, this study developed a machine learning-based prediction method for the major nutritional components of BSFL. By collecting larval growth data under different feeding substrates and environmental conditions, six regression models were evaluate

Salicornia europaea L. as a Marine Bioactive Resource: Phytochemical Profile, Health Mechanisms, and Functional Applications in Precision Nutrition.

Marine halophytes are gaining attention as a source of plant-derived bioactive compounds with potential applications across nutraceuticals, functional foods, and preventive nutrition. Among them, Salicornia europaea L. is a coastal succulent whose adaptation to hypersaline environments shapes a distinctive phytochemical profile of pharmacological interest. This narrative review integrates current evidence on the bioactive composition, mechanistic activities, and translational relevance of S. europaea and related Salicornia species. Their secondary metabolome includes flavonols, isorhamnetin gl

A to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation.

Multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements are dietary products that contain a combination of essential vitamins and minerals, and sometimes additional bioactive compounds. They are used to meet daily nutrient requirements, support physiological functions, and address increased nutritional needs, including in special populations. This narrative review summarizes the physiological roles, dietary sources, and deficiency symptoms of essential vitamins and minerals. Additionally, recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) of vitamins and minerals according to the