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The chemo- and somatotopic architecture of the Galago cuneate and gracile nuclei.

The pattern of peripheral nerve inputs into the dorsal column nuclei, cuneate and gracile, was investigated in the prosimian Galago garnetti … oxide synthase blotches were distributed along the rostrocaudal axis of the nucleus. This different architecture parallels differences in the organization of the inputs from the hand and from the foot. In the cuneate, cholera toxin B subunit conjugated to horseradish peroxydase labeled terminals from the glabrous and hairy skin of digits d1 to d5 segregated in …

Muscular architecture and manometric image of gastroesophageal barrier in the rat.

The two components of the gastroesophageal barrier, the sphincter and the crural sling, closely overlap in humans, whereas they are widely separated in the rat. This investigation correlates the anatomical components of the barrier and their manometric counterparts in this animal. Sphincteric and crural sling pressures were measured in four quadrants in 23 rats. Muscle thickness was measured at nine levels of the gastroesophageal junction in the same quadrants in 12 rats and the muscular architecture of the region was studied in 10 fresh specimens. The manometric sphincteric component is stron…

Functional architectures of animal toxins: a clue to drug design?

Toxic proteins are produced by a diversity of venomous animals from various phyla. They are often of small size, possess a large density of disulfide bonds and exert multiple functions directed toward a variety of molecular targets, including a diversity of enzymes and ion channels. The aim of this brief and non-exhaustive review is three-fold. First, the structural context associated with the functional diversity of animal toxins is presented. Among various situations, it is shown that toxins with a similar fold can exert different functions and that toxins with unrelated folds can exert simi

Vascular architecture of the human optic chiasma and bitemporal hemianopia.

The blood supply system of the optic chiasma was studied in 85 fresh human specimens using various histological and anatomical methods. Computer image analysis and ultrastructural examinations of the microvessel in 58 fetal specimens were also conducted. The authors found that the medial portion of the chiasma is a weak point in the microcirculation network. This weak point is apt to be disturbed first and become ischemic, causing disorders of the crossing optic nerve fibers and resulting in characteristic bitemporal visual field defects. SEM studies showed no ultrastructural difference betwee

The effects of severe bruxism on sleep architecture: a preliminary report.

Analysis of sleep in 5 severe bruxists revealed consistent sleep abnormalities. These abnormalities consisted of decreased REM latency (90%), decreased percentage of REM sleep (85%), and increased number of sleep stage transitions (75%). This sleep pattern suggests that bruxing can have a deleterious effect on sleep in otherwise healthy individuals. This effect on sleep can in the long run lead to difficulty in daytime functioning similar to the effects of sleep apnea or nocturnal myoclonus. These data also reveal a significant first night effect, hence future attempts at replicating and expan

Morphological studies on the vascular architecture in the boar spermatic cord.

The morphological features of the testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus in the boar spermatic cord were evaluated by light microscopy, corrosion cast technique combined with scanning electron microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. The testicular veins could be subdivided into 4 types according to their perivascular elements and their location to the testicular artery. Type I vein consisted of large veins and gave rise to type II and III veins. Type II vein was composed of a single layer of veins and ran along the testicular artery, while type III vein consisted of several l

Effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on sleep architecture and patterns of obstructed breathing.

In this retrospective study, 72 obstructive sleep apnea patients with polysomnograms taken before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were evaluated. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement of sleep architecture and respiratory indices. In addition, a second group of 17 patients also had position recordings with their polysomnograms. Time spent in supine and lateral sleep positions changed postoperatively. There was significant decrease of the apnea plus hypopnea index in the lateral position. This study indicates that there is significant improvement of sleep architecture and res…

Development of cerebrovascular architecture and its relationship to periventricular leukomalacia.

Using microangiography combined with benzidine stains, we studied the development of vessels in the meninges, cortex, and white matter in 30 neonates, 16 infants and children, and eight neonates with periventricular leukomalacia. The vessels of the deep white matter, especially the ventriculofugal arteries, are useful as an index of cerebrovascular maturity. The lesions of primary leukomalacia utilizing the combined radiographic-histological techniques are localized to the ends of ventriculofugal arteries or between medullary arteries. The infants with leukomalacia have either poorly developed

Genome architecture modulates 35S and 5S rDNA homogenization in Asteraceae.

Concerted evolution is the model by which multicopy gene families are homogenized across genomes, with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as its textbook … t a context-dependent view of concerted evolution across rDNA and highlight the influence of genome architecture on rDNA evolution. In particular, the contrasting behavior of 5S (highly conserved when linked but highly variable when separate) emerges as a key example of how structural genomic context shapes the evolution of even the most conserved housekeeping …

Fibromodulin: From Matrisome Architecture to Master Regulator of Cellular Fate.

Transitioning from its traditional conceptualization as a static scaffold, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is now recognized as a dynamic regulatory hub that integrates biomechanical cues with biochemical signaling to dictate cellular fate and physiological stability. Central to this regulatory network is Fibromodulin (FMOD), a Class II small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) that integrates structural scaffolding with complex signaling modulation. This review synthesizes the molecular topography of FMOD, detailing how its signature horseshoe-shaped solenoid fold facilitates high-affinity dockin

A reproducible low-dimensional architecture of human white-matter connectivity.

The human brain is organized by large-scale functional gradients, but whether white-matter connectivity defines similarly reproducible and b … ed only limited correspondence with functional connectivity gradients, indicating that white-matter architecture and functional organization capture partly distinct dimensions of brain organization. Age effects were strongest for higher-order structural gradients, particularly the cerebellar-transmodal axis, where older age was associated with reduced separati …

Bioinspired negative-curvature monomer architecture accelerates on-surface topochemical polymerization.

On-surface chemical reactions are often limited by competing requirements for long range molecular order and the local atomic scale dynamics needed for bond formation. In many topochemical reactions, including diacetylene photopolymerization, alkyl-chain ordering provides the required geometric registry but can also restrict the conformational motion necessary for efficient reaction. Here, we show that bioinspired phospholipid architectures accelerate topochemical polymerization at interfaces by introducing multiple, distinct forms of packing frustration that operate on both molecular and nano…

Association Between Cribriform Architecture and Lymphovascular Invasion in Prostate Cancer.

Background/Objectives: Cribriform architecture is an adverse histopathologic feature in prostate cancer and has been associated with poor oncologic outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that cribriform-positive tumors may behave as a biologically non-localized disease, raising the possibility of early occult dissemination. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a key pathological marker of metastatic potential, but its relationship with cribriform architecture has not been evaluated. We examined the association between cribriform morphology and LVI to provide biological context for the aggressive cli…

Force-Induced Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence With Rotaxane Architecture.

The reversible molecular motions of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have played a crucial role in realizing stimuli-responsive functions. While the reversible switching of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties has been achieved using MIMs through pH change and/or addition of chemicals, the mechanically controlled CPL utilizing the interlocked architecture has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we introduce a rotaxane-based mechanophore designed for force-induced CPL on/off switching. The mechanophore consists of a ring featuring a CPL-active helicene luminophore and an axl…

A lightweight deep learning architecture for automatic shrimp disease classification.

Globally, shrimp aquaculture is a vital source of food, but disease outbreaks present serious economic challenges. Traditional diagnostic te … 739 M parameters, 2.82 MB) and low computational cost (0.48 GFLOPs) while outperforming traditional architectures in terms of efficiency. In order to improve interpretability, disease-relevant regions were visualized using Grad-CAM++, which demonstrated a high degree of correspondence between activated regions and ground-truth disease areas. Additionally, the …

Bridging Cognitive Architecture and Developmental Measurement for Artificial General Intelligence.

Current artificial intelligence evaluation often relies on static benchmarks and task-specific performance metrics, which are useful for system comparison but limited in assessing developmental progression, cognitive architecture, adaptive transfer, and real-world applicability. Building on developmental approaches to AGI testing, including our earlier conceptual proposal, this article develops an operational formulation of the General-Specialized-Applicable (GSA) framework for artificial general intelligence (AGI) evaluation. The framework organizes evidence into three non-interchangeable sta…

Клинические траектории и генетическая архитектура пересекают границы неврологии и психиатрии.

Неврологические и психические расстройства рассматриваются в качестве отдельных диагностических категорий, однако генетические исследования показывают, что между ними существует значительная плейотропия. Вопрос о том, распространяется ли это дублирование на клинические траектории, не проверялся в масштабах. Мы сравнили траекторию заболеваний Delphi-2M, модель трансформатора, тренированная только на медицинских записях 400,000 Участники " Биобанка " Соединенного Королевства, с генетическими корреляциями в масштабах всего генома 19 Неврологические и психические расстройства. Клиническо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are treated as distinct diagnostic categories, yet genetic studies reveal substantial pleiotropy betw … closer on average to psychiatric than to neurological disorders. Clinical trajectories and genetic architecture thus draw the same diagnostic boundary and break it in the same places. These findings support a more integrated approach to neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Inflammatory Proteomic Network Architecture of Visceral Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Traits.

Background : Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with cardiometabolic disease, but the network architecture connecting visceral adiposity to systemic inflammatory proteins and cardiometabolic traits remains poorly characterized. Methods : We applied an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven network integration approach to plasma inflammatory proteomics (Olink Explore 384) and cardiometabolic traits (VAT, HOMA-IR, glucose, systolic blood pressure [SBP], triglycerides [TG], LDL-C, and HDL-C) in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL) discovery cohort (n = 635). Network findings wer…

Fasciclin 2 Cooperates with Discs Large to Maintain Epithelial Architecture.

Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgCAMs) coordinate adhesive interactions with intracellular organization during tissue morphogenesis. In the Drosophila follicular epithelium, epithelial maintenance depends on reintegration, a process in which mitotically displaced cells reincorporate into the epithelial monolayer. Previous work identified the IgCAMs Fasciclin 2 (Fas2) and Neuroglian (Nrg) as parallel, partially redundant regulators of reintegration, but the intracellular mechanisms linking adhesion to reintegration remained unclear. Here, we show that Fas2 supports r