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[Grounds for the inclusion of vaccination against cervical cancer within the National Immunisation Programme].

The recent advice on vaccination against cervical cancer from the Health Council of the Netherlands and the decision by the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport to implement the vaccination within the National Immunisation Programme by September 2009, has been criticized by a group of authors because five of seven criteria for vaccination in public programmes are considered not to have been met; notably with respect to efficacy and safety. It appears that the available scientific data have been weighted differently by the Health Council committee and the criticising group of authors. In the o

The manipulation of immunity. Conference on from allergy to cancer: new perspectives for therapeutic vaccination.

Conference on From Allergy to Cancer: New Perspectives for Therapeutic Vaccination

Toxicity of a GM3 cancer vaccine in Macaca fascicularis monkey: a 12-month study.

GM3 is a ganglioside that has been biochemically identified as dominating the cell surface of several human tumours, but is also found on human normal cells at much lower density. Since GM3 is widely distributed in essentially all types of animal cells, there is a conflict with the concepts of tumour-associated antigen, immunogen, and toxicity. We have designed a GM3-based cancer vaccine for the treatment of human breast and melanoma tumours. Prior to the Phase I clinical trial, we carried out a 12-month dose repeated toxicity study in five male Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Four male monkeys w

Impact of HPV vaccination on cervical precancer and invasive cervical cancer twelve years after vaccine introduction in the Brazilian Public Health System.

BACKGROUND: The national HPV vaccination program was introduced into the Brazilian public health system for children and adolescents in 2014. However, its population-level impact remains poorly characterized, particularly in the context of regional disparities. METHODS: We compared the incidence of cervical precancer and invasive cancer between the pre-vaccination period (2010-2012) and the post-vaccination period (2025) among screened women aged < 25 years (vaccine-eligible women) and ≥ 25 years (non-vaccine-eligible women) in Brazil and across its geographic regions. RESULTS: Among vaccine

Mini-review on the therapeutic vaccines targeting chronic infectious diseases: Evaluation system of therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV and EBV-related cancers.

Chronic infectious diseases are threatening human health today, and their public health severity is increasing. The efficacy issues of drugs and the increase in drug-resistant pathogens require new response strategies for chronic infectious diseases, and therapeutic vaccines have recently been proposed as an effective alternative. However, research on therapeutic vaccines is still relatively underdeveloped. To solve this problem, an accurate understanding of the status and the challenge at hand of therapeutic vaccines targeting chronic infectious diseases is needed. In the present review, we p

AutoEpiCollect, a Novel Machine Learning-Based GUI Software for Vaccine Design: Application to Pan-Cancer Vaccine Design Targeting PIK3CA Neoantigens.

Previous epitope-based cancer vaccines have focused on analyzing a limited number of mutated epitopes and clinical variables preliminarily to experimental trials. As a result, relatively few positive clinical outcomes have been observed in epitope-based cancer vaccines. Further efforts are required to diversify the selection of mutated epitopes tailored to cancers with different genetic signatures. To address this, we developed the first version of AutoEpiCollect, a user-friendly GUI software, capable of generating safe and immunogenic epitopes from missense mutations in any oncogene of intere…

Providers' beliefs about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing cancer and their recommended age groups for vaccination: Findings from a provider survey, 2012.

BACKGROUND: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was recommended in 2007 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to preadolescent and adolescent girls. Vaccination initiation was recommended at age 11-12 years with the option to start at age 9. Catchup vaccination was recommended to females aged 13-26 previously not vaccinated. However, vaccination coverage remains low. Studies show that the HPV vaccine can prevent cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal and some oropharyngeal cancers and that provider recommendation of vaccines can improve low vaccination rates. METHODS: Using d

Human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, and HPV vaccine in the United States--do we need a broader vaccine policy?

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) of global importance; it is the most prevalent STI in the United States, with strains causally linked to oropharyngeal and other cancers. Efforts to prevent HPV have been made to varying degrees by policies implemented by different state governments; however, HPV and associated oropharyngeal cancer continue to show increasing incidence rates in the US. DESIGN: A narrative review based on search on SciVerse, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases, as well as literature/documents from the World Health

Prevalence and Review of Major Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors, HPV Vaccination, and Cancer Screenings in the United States: 2025 Update.

This study presents national- and state-level prevalence of major modifiable cancer risk factors, human papillomavirus vaccination, and cancer screenings among US adults in the years during and after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic years. Smoking prevalence declined to 11% in 2023 from 14.2% in 2019, but prevalence remained higher among American Indian/Alaska Native individuals, Black males, lower-educated individuals, and bisexual females. Menthol-flavored cigarettes, which increase smoking uptake and reduce cessation success, were used by 36.3% of currently smoking adults in

Neoantigens and cancer-testis antigens as promising vaccine candidates for triple-negative breast cancer: Delivery strategies and clinical trials.

Immunotherapy is gaining prominence as a promising strategy for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Neoantigens (neoAgs) and cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are tumor-specific targets originating from somatic mutations and epigenetic changes in cancer cells. These antigens hold great promise for personalized cancer vaccines, as supported by preclinical and early clinical evidence in TNBC. This review delves into the potential of neoAgs and CTAs as vaccine candidates, emphasizing diverse strategies and delivery approaches. It also highlights the current status of vaccination modalities…

Highly Prolonged Release of the Cancer Vaccine and Immunomodulator via a Two-Layer Biodegradable Microneedle for Prophylactic Treatment of Metastatic Cancer.

Simultaneous sustained release of cancer vaccines and immunomodulators may effectively trigger durable immune responses and avoid multiple administrations. Here, we established a biodegradable microneedle (bMN) based on a biodegradable copolymer matrix made of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(sulfamethazine ester urethane) (PSMEU). This bMN was applied to the skin and slowly degraded in the epidermis/dermis layers. Then, the complexes composed of a positively charged polymer (DA3), cancer DNA vaccine (pOVA), and toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I/C) were synchronously released from the matr…

Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines for patients with haematological and solid cancer: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with cancer have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19, as the disease and antineoplastic therapy cause reduced vaccine immunogenicity. Booster doses have been proposed to enhance protection, and efficacy data are emerging from several studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of COVID-19 primary vaccination non-responders with cancer who seroconvert after a booster dose. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and medRxiv were searched from 1st January 2021 to 10th March 2022. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Apprai

EASL position paper on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients.

According to a recent World Health Organization estimate, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which originated in China in 2019, has spread globally, infecting nearly 100 million people worldwide by January 2021. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), particularly cirrhosis, hepatobiliary malignancies, candidates for liver transplantation, and immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation appear to be at increased risk of infections in general, which in turn translates into increased mortality. This is also the case for SARS-CoV-2 infectio

Effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in patients with cancer: Evidence from a nationwide target trial emulation.

OBJECTIVES: Cancer patients are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection due to impaired immunity. We estimated the effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccination against reinfection in adults with cancer and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide target trial emulation study using the K-CoV-N cohort, including 84,748 adults with cancer and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (follow-up: Oct 2022-Jun 2023). The clone-censor-weight method with inverse probability of censoring weights compared bivalent vaccination versus none. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection ≥14 days post-vaccination and ≥90

Innovations in cancer treatment as novel potential and the myth of personalized vaccines, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy as promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, tailored vaccines, immunotherapy, and bacteriotherapy, have demonstrate … nd Web of Science (CLAVIRATE) databases. This research highlights the promising use of personalized cancer vaccines, which induce tumor-specific immune responses targeting neoantigens unique to each patient. Immunotherapy, which enhances the ability of the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells, has revitalized tumor immunology. While the effectivenes …

Advances in Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy: Car-T Cell, Checkpoint Inhibitors, Dendritic Cell Vaccines, and Oncolytic Viruses, and Emerging Cellular and Molecular Targets.

Unlike traditional cancer therapies, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy that are typically non-specific, cancer immunotherapy harnesses the high specificity of a patient's own immune system to selectively kill cancer cells. The immune system is the body's main cancer surveillance system, but cancers may evade destruction thanks to various immune-suppressing mechanisms. We therefore need to deploy various immunotherapy-based strategies to help bolster the anti-tumour immune responses. These include engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to specifically recogni

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… Development and Recent Advances of DC Vaccines Based on the native capacity of potent antigen presentation and T cell activation, and its ease of development in vitro conditions, DCs were tested as cancer vaccine around mid-1990s. … Personalised cancer vaccines can be manufactured using computer software to predict neo-antigens and generating artificial peptides that can be pulsed with DCs [ 121 , 143 , 144 ]. …

Is the domestic bivalent HPV vaccine cost-effective compared with quadrivalent or nine-valent HPV vaccines in the context of cervical cancer screening? A modeling study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Strategy for Accelerated Elimination of Cervical Cancer (GSAICC), which points out that low- and middle-income countries are in a difficult situation in terms of the cervical cancer prevention challenge, and that the focus should be on the economics of prevention strategies. In the context of cervical cancer screening, it is unclear whether China's self-developed, domestically produced bivalent HPV vaccine is economical compared to quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bi

The HPV vaccine impact monitoring project (HPV-IMPACT): assessing early evidence of vaccination impact on HPV-associated cervical cancer precursor lesions.

The following paper describes a collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and five Emerging Infections Program sites to develop a comprehensive population-based approach to monitoring human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine impact on cervical cancer precursors and associated HPV genotypes. The process of establishing this novel monitoring system is described, and development details such as enumeration of sources for reporting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and adenocarcinoma in situ, approaches to case ascertainment, electronic reporting, and HPV typing are outli

Cell-based Hyper-interleukin 6 or Hyper-interleukin 11 secreting vaccines combined with low dose cyclophosphamide in an orthotopic murine prostate cancer model.

BACKGROUND: Cell based vaccines encoding Hyper-IL-6 (H6) and Hyper-IL-11 (H11) present high activity in murine melanoma and renal cancer mod … AMP combined with or without CY suppressed generation of T regulatory cells. CONSLUSIONS: Prostate cancer vaccines modified with H6 or H11 induce prostate tumour regression and increase mice survival by stimulating the immune system. Cyclophosphamide added to modified TRAMP vaccines demonstrated clinical benefit of treated mice and enhanced anti-tumour immune re …