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Biological and sociocultural approaches of histoplasmosis in the State of Guerrero, Mexico.

Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis with a high prevalence in America. Its aetiological agent, Histoplasma capsulatum, is found in Mexico, mainly in confined spaces, where it grows on bat guano or bird droppings. A research project has been developed in the State of Guerrero, Mexico, where many contaminated caves and mines are visited by individuals and epidemic outbreaks have been recorded. Data concerning human skin test response to histoplasmin antigen, host genetic predisposition to Histoplasma infection, sociocultural, socioeconomical and ethnobiological aspects of the disease in Guerrero ar…

Sylvatic focus of Chagas' disease in Oaxaca, Mexico.

During three field trips to the community of 'La Humedad', municipality of Santiago Jamiltepec, Oaxaca (a State in the southern part of the Mexican Republic), live specimens of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The insects were captured in only one of the dwellings inspected in the locality, and in four small caves where bats and other mammals live. These findings suggest the need for further studies on the existence of a sylvatic cycle of Chagas' disease in Mexico, which has not yet been established.

Multi-species foraging on a Marburg virus bat reservoir.

Understanding zoonotic spillover requires observation of reservoir-host interfaces, yet direct multi-species behavioral data remain rare. During long-term carnivore monitoring in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda, we deployed camera traps at Python Cave, a roost for Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and known Marburg-virus reservoir. Over the course of 368 trap nights, we recorded > 14 vertebrate species engaging in predation, scavenging, guano foraging, or exploration across 321 events, alongside 214 human visitors. The shallow cave structure collapses spatial separation between

Патогены Бэт-Борна и общественное здравоохранение в сельских африканских кустарных золотых шахтах.

Вирус Марбурга, первый обнаруженный филовирус и близкий двоюродный брат к вирусу Эбола, перевозится египетской мышью ржавеющей летучих мышей, широко обитающей в пещере, эндемичной для стран Африки к югу от Сахары, население которых может превышать 50 000 человек. Вспышки вируса Марбурга в общинах могут привести к высоким показателям заболеваемости. В восточной части Африки любимые местообитания этих летучих мышей включают сельские подземные золотые рудники, которые иногда работают незаконно и создают условия, благоприятствующие передаче зоонотических вирусов. В комментарии к одному из дел гово

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Marburg virus, the first filovirus discovered and a close cousin to the Ebola virus, is carried by the Egyptian rousette bat, a common cave- … a case describes how outbreaks of Marburg virus disease among people exposed to sub-Saharan African caves and mines containing these bats cause tensions among miners, companies, public health officials, and conservationists.

A comprehensive evaluation of non-vascular prepontine cistern anatomy influencing trigeminal nerve vulnerability using machine learning-based morphometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe neuropathic pain disorder traditionally attributed to neurovascular compression. However, emerging evidence suggests that non-vascular anatomical variations of the prepontine cistern may significantly contribute to disease susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: To quantify non-vascular morphometric features of the trigeminal nerve and adjacent cistern and evaluate their discriminative value using a leakage-free, machine-learning-based MRI pipeline. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 131 participants (71 with idiopathic TN (iTN) and 60 controls) who wer

The Elusive Troglobius brasiliensis (Collembola: Paronellidae), a Critically Endangered Species Rediscovered and Redescribed in Its Habitat and Food Web.

Troglobius brasiliensis is a troglomorphic species known only from a single cave in the Brazilian rain forest. This is the first record of the species since its original collection in 1988 and subsequent formal description approximately 30 years ago. We present an integrative redescription of T. brasiliensis based on detailed morphological analysis with scanning electron microscopy. It is a coded redescription with a molecular marker (COI), comprehensive notes on its habitat. The species was found exclusively along the riverbank, restricted to a single sector of the aphotic zone, approximately

Earliest evidence for invasive mitigation of dental caries by Neanderthals.

Neanderthal medical knowledge has long attracted scholarly interest. Evidence suggests they cared for sick, injured, and elderly group members, with possible use of medicinal plants. However, it remains uncertain whether such practices reflect deliberate medical strategies or instinctive self-medication akin to that observed in non-human primates. Here, we analyze and interpret traces of deliberate artificial manipulation of Chagyrskaya 64, a Neanderthal lower left second molar found in Chagyrskaya Cave (Altai Krai, Russia). The tooth exhibits a large human-generated concavity on the occlusal

First Observations of Initial Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Activity on Lava Fields and in Subterranean Environments in Sicily in Cool Temperatures.

In criminal cases involving the recovery of human remains, as well as in cases of myiasis and pest management, the expertise of a forensic e … s where we can expand our research to collect new data on insect distribution and their activity in caves.

Diversity of Bartonella spp. in bat-associated Streblidae flies from Brazil.

Streblide flies are obligatory ectoparasites with a worldwide distribution, specialized in exclusively parasitizing bats, which serve as imp … id forest remnants in Pernambuco state (558 flies from 12 species collected from 299 bats) and from caves in Pará state (677 flies from 11 species collected from 174 bats). Fly DNA samples positive for the endogenous cox-1 gene were screened by qPCR targeting the intergenic region 16S-23S rRNA of Bartonella spp., followed by molecular characterization u …

External validation and comparison of clinical scores for predicting late seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage in Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: Clinical scores have been established to predict the probability of late seizures following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) for individual patients, including the CAVE, CAVS and LANE scores. The purpose of this study was to compare these prediction scores in the Chinese population and undertake an independent external validation on them. METHODS: At one tertiary hospital in China, we retrospectively recruited consecutive inpatients who had been diagnosed with ICH. Medical records and tele interviews with a modified standardized questionnaire were used to identify late seizures. All th

A mobile laboratory for ancient DNA analysis.

Mobile devices for on-field DNA analysis have been used for medical diagnostics at the point-of-care, forensic investigations and environmental surveys, but still have to be validated for ancient DNA studies. We report here on a mobile laboratory that we setup using commercially available devices, including a compact real-time PCR machine, and describe procedures to perform DNA extraction and analysis from a variety of archeological samples within 4 hours. The process is carried out on 50 mg samples that are identified at the species level using custom TaqMan real-time PCR assays for mitochond

Mindless to Mindful Parenting? Videofeedback-Enhanced Psychotherapy for Violence-Exposed Mothers and Their Young Children.

This article presents a frequent dilemma of treatment-seeking mothers suffering from complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is related to exposure to maltreatment and other forms of interpersonal violence. Namely, that complex PTSD symptoms, including dissociative states in mothers that are triggered by normative child emotion dysregulation, aggression, and distress during early childhood, hinder the development of a productive psychotherapeutic process in more traditional psychodynamic psychotherapies for mothers and children. The article thus presents clinician-assisted videofeedb

Trigeminal nerve haemangioma eroding the petrous carotid canal.

OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of mandibular branch haemangioma of the trigeminal nerve causing erosion of the petrous carotid canal. The radiological and histological findings in this case are reviewed. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old woman presented with severe, right-sided facial pain and paraesthesia. There were no associated symptoms of facial weakness or diplopia. A magnetic resonance imaging scan with gadolinium enhancement was performed. This showed a lesion slightly compressing the right Meckel's cave and eroding the right petrous carotid canal, occupying the foramen ovale and extend

Cannabis vaping elicits transcriptomic and metabolomic changes involved in inflammatory, oxidative stress, and cancer pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells.

The increasing shift from cannabis smoking to cannabis vaping is largely driven by the perception that vaping to form an aerosol represents a safer alternative to smoking and is a form of consumption appealing to youth. Herein, we compared the chemical composition and receptor-mediated activity of cannabis smoke extract (CaSE) to cannabis vaping extract (CaVE) along with the biological response in human bronchial epithelial cells. Chemical analysis using HPLC and GC/MS revealed that cannabis vaping aerosol contained fewer toxicants than smoke; CaSE and CaVE contained teratogens, carcinogens, a

Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection.

Marburg virus (family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Bats have been implicated as likely natural reservoir hosts based most recently on an investigation of cases among miners infected in 2007 at the Kitaka mine, Uganda, which contained a large population of Marburg virus-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. Described here is an ecologic investigation of Python Cave, Uganda, where an American and a Dutch tourist acquired Marburg virus infection in December 2007 and July 2008. More than 40,000 R. aegyptiacus were found in the cav

[Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) focusing visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil].

INTRODUCTION: In the Americas, Lutzomyia longipalpis has been incriminated as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in almost all the areas in which this disease has been reported. The notification of human cases of visceral leishmaniasis and the presence of dogs with an appearance suggestive of the disease in the country of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, led us to undertake an entomological investigation in this area, for the purpose of identifying the phlebotomine vector. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The county of Corumbá is located in the Pantanal region and its urban area is situated a

Ancient proteins identify various Denisovan remains from Southwest China.

More than a decade of multidisciplinary research has identified a collection of cranial, facial and dental remains of Denisovans from across Asia, providing insight into their cranial capacity, appearance, diet and evolutionary history. However, our understanding of their spatiotemporal dispersal and morphological phenotype is limited by a conspicuous distribution gap in Southwest China and the scarcity of postcranial remains, in particular, the absence of long bones with diagnostic characteristics. To identify further hominin long bones, we morphologically screened more than 60,000 bone fragm

Denisovans from southwestern China and their subsistence strategies.

Growing fossil and genomic evidence has substantially advanced our understanding of Denisovans' evolutionary history1-9, yet their technological behaviours and subsistence strategies remain poorly documented. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of hominin fossils and associated archaeological remains from Bianfu Cave, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The hominin fossils are dated to about 167-134 thousand years ago (ka), whereas the cultural sequence spanned from about 190 ka to 70 ka, representing one of the longest cultural records most parsimoniously attributed to Denisovans-identi

Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish.

Cave animals provide a compelling system for investigating the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic bases underlying changes in numerous complex traits, including eye degeneration, albinism, sleep loss, hyperphagia, and sensory processing. Species of cavefish from around the world display a convergent evolution of morphological and behavioral traits due to shared environmental pressures between different cave systems. Diverse cave species have been studied in the laboratory setting. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, with sighted and blind forms, has provided unique insights into biological

CRISPR mutagenesis confirms the role of oca2 in melanin pigmentation in Astyanax mexicanus.

Understanding the genetic basis of trait evolution is critical to identifying the mechanisms that generated the immense amount of diversity observable in the living world. However, genetically manipulating organisms from natural populations with evolutionary adaptations remains a significant challenge. Astyanax mexicanus exists in two interfertile forms, a surface-dwelling form and multiple independently evolved cave-dwelling forms. Cavefish have evolved a number of morphological and behavioral traits and multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses have been performed to identify loci unde