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Diagnosing Osteoporosis for the Spine Practitioner.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: Review updated criteria that categorize patients' bone health for operative and nonoperative patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Osteoporosis is common in spine patients including those with fragility fractures and in the elective surgery population. Untreated osteoporosis is associated with secondary spine fractures and increased likelihood of osteoporotic bone-related complications after elective surgery. Recently, the definition of osteoporosis is expanded beyond use of bone mineral density (BMD) to also include fracture history and fracture …

Solitary fibrous tumor of the spine.

BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that infrequently involve the central nervous system, particularly the spine. Spinal SFTs are typically intradural extramedullary lesions that mimic common tumors such as meningiomas or schwannomas. Our case highlights how an atypical spinal SFT was diagnosed on magnetic resonance (MR) and successfully resected. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old female with a history of chronic nocturnal low back pain and multiple falls presented with urinary incontinence alone. The spinal MR imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural, extramed…

Role of Rehabilitation in Spine Tumors.

AbstractPrimary and metastatic spine tumors can lead to devastating complications, but timely and careful management of these patients can improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary and structured approach is the most effective way to evaluate patients with spine disease and mitigate the risk of complications. The neurologic, oncologic, mechanical and systemic disease framework gives comprehensive guidance to providers regarding appropriate management. Physiatrists play a critical role in these patients' initial evaluation and continued management throughout cancer treatment. Patients with spinal c…

Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine in osteoporosis.

Due to increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of fractures caused by osteoporosis is raising. These fractures significantly reduce the quality of life in the elderly population. They represent both a disease and an injury simultaneously. While they were once treated solely with conservative methods, new techniques and implants are expanding the indications for surgical treatment. This article presents the current treatment options.

Radiofrequency ablation for the cervical spine.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive procedure for pain reduction, is increasingly used for managing chronic neck pain and headaches. This article offers a concise overview of cervical spine RFA. In the context of RFA, heat is applied to specific nerve tissues to interrupt pain signals. Wallarian degeneration occurs as a result of the thermal injury to the nerve. The heat generated by the RFA procedure can damage the nerve fibers, initiating the degenerative process. Wallarian degeneration is a process that occurs in a nerve axon due to the thermal injury, leading to the breakdo…

Giant Cell Tumour of the Spine.

Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign bone tumour characterised by osteoclastic-like multinucleated cells. This tumour predominantly occurs in adults during the third decade of life, commonly in the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal radius, and sacrum. Treatment options include wide local excision with possible adjuvant therapy depending on tumour size and site. We present a case of an 18-year-old lady with no prior medical history complaining of worsening insidious onset localised back pain and preceding numbness of the bilateral lower limbs, diagnosed with a giant cell tumour of the spine (…

A comprehensive review of the mental spine.

Clinical case reports and research regarding the mental spines and their associated structures create a detailed picture of the floor of the mouth for assessment during clinical treatment. This compilation of information covers the mental spines, the attached geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles, the lingual foramina, and the veins and arteries of the jaw and floor of the mouth. It is important to consider the variations in the mental spines for oral and maxillofacial treatment involving the mandible. Differences in anatomy of the mental spine, including their number, location, and size, can im…

Preservation of Motion in Spine Surgery.

The number of spinal procedures and spinal fusions continues to grow. Although fusion procedures have a high success rate, they have inherent risks such as pseudarthrosis and adjacent segment disease. New innovations in spine techniques have sought to eliminate these complications by preserving motion in the spinal column. Several techniques and devices have been developed in the cervical and lumbar spine including cervical laminoplasty, cervical disk ADA, posterior lumbar motion preservation devices, and lumbar disk ADA. In this review, advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be d…

Antepsoas Approaches to the Lumbar Spine.

Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is a well-established approach in treating spinal deformity and degenerative conditions of the spine. Since its inception in the 20th century, LIF has continued to evolve, allowing for minimally invasive approaches, high fusion rates, and improving disability scores with favorable complication rates. The anterior to the psoas (ATP) approach utilizes a retroperitoneal pathway medial to the psoas muscle to access the L1-S1intervertebral disc spaces. In contrast to the transpsoas arppoach, its primary advantage is avoiding transgressing the psoas muscle and the conta…

Tumors and infections of the growing spine.

The growing spine differs from the adult spine in several ways. Although tumors and infections cause only a small percentage of pediatric back pain incidences, delayed proper diagnosis and treatment may be disastrous. Benign lesions, such as osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and aneurysmal bone cyst in the spine, are predominant during the first two decades of life, whereas malignant bony spinal tumors are rare. In the pediatric population, malignant spine tumors include osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic neuroblastoma. Infections of the growing spine are rare, with the inci…

3D Ultrasound Imaging of the Spine.

In recent years, the amount of publications related to the study of spine using ultrasound, especially on scoliosis, has rapidly increased. Many new methods and application related to 3D ultrasound imaging for scoliosis assessment have been recently reported. The capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to visualize the vertebrae features such as spinous and transverse processes, bilateral laminae and ribs mainly at the level of main thoracic and thoracolumbar region are shown in this chapter. Different ultrasound systems developed for scoliosis evaluation and application of ultrasoun…

Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis of the cervical spine.

BACKGROUND: Xanthogranulomatous Osteomyelitis is a rare form of chronic inflammation described in a handful of cases in the reported literat … s believe to be the first case in the literature of xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis affecting the spine. In this case the patient was managed with a vertebrectomy without the need for antibiotics.

Hydatid disease of the brain and spine.

Hydatid disease of the central nervous system is relatively rare and comprises about 2-3% of all the hydatid cyst cases reported in the worl … dvent of advances in MR imaging, the diagnostic accuracy of hydatic disease involving the brain and spine has increased. Intact removal of the cyst/s, without causing any spillage, and appropriate antihelminthic therapy is the goal and key to cure and prevention of recurrence. In this manuscript, the current literature on hydatid cyst of the brain and s …

[Whiplash injury of the cervical spine].

Whiplash injury is a common trauma of the cervical spine which usually occurs during motor vehicle accidents, especially involving rear-end collisions. The trauma typically results from a sudden biphasic movement of the head and cervical spine (reclination followed by inclination), which may cause an injury of bony, muscular and ligamentous elements. The most common symptoms of whiplash injury are pain, stiffness and tenderness of the neck, which occur with a latency of several hours and may become chronic in some patients. The imaging studies rarely demonstrate morphological changes associate…

Chondrosarcoma of the spine: a narrative review.

Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon primary bone tumor with an estimated incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 patient-years. Primary chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine and sacrum cumulatively account for less than 20% of all cases, most .commonly causing patients to present with focal pain with or without radiculopathy, or myelopathy secondary to neural element compression. Because of the rarity, patients benefit from multidisciplinary care at academic tertiary-care centers. Current standard-of-care consists of en bloc surgical resection with negative margins; for high grade lesions adjuvant focused radiati…

Circumferential Operations of the Cervical Spine.

Generally, a combined anterior and posterior cervical approach is associated with significant morbidity since it requires an extended operative time, greater intraoperative blood loss, and both anterior- and posterior-related surgical complications. However, there are some instances where a circumferential cervical fusion can be advantageous. Our objective is to discuss the indications for circumferential cervical spine procedures. A narrative review of the literature was performed. We include the indications for circumferential cervical approaches of the senior author (KDR). Indications for c…

Инфекции корда шпиль и шпиль.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Инфекции позвоночника и спинного мозга связаны с высоким риском заболеваемости и смертности и поэтому требуют быстрого клинического распознавания, эффективной диагностической оценки и междисциплинарного лечения. В этой статье дается обзор патофизиологии, эпидемиологии, клинических проявлений, диагноза и лечения инфекций позвоночника и позвоночника, с тем чтобы помочь практикующим врачам распознавать, оценивать и лечить пациентов с такими инфекциями. НЕЗАВИСИМЫЕ ВЫВОДЫ: Возраст населения, все более широкое применение иммунодепрессивных препаратов и другие факторы способствовали рос

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infections of the spine and spinal cord are associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality and, therefore, require prompt clinical recognition, efficient diagnostic evaluation, and interdisciplinary treatment. This article reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of infections of …

Abaloparatide and the Spine: A Narrative Review.

Osteoporosis is a common and debilitating condition characterized by diminished bone mass and architecture leading to bone fragility. Antire … discuss the current literature in regard to its effect on osteoporosis-related complications in the spine.