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Characterization of Burned Soil Organic Matter via Sequential Solvent Extractions and 21 T FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization.

Wildfires significantly alter soil organic matter (SOM) composition, generating complex mixtures of polar and nonpolar compounds which are difficult to analyze. This study combines sequential extractions with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) followed by 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to improve the molecular characterization of SOM from burned soils. Soils were extracted first with water and then Soxhlet extracted with organic solvents (acetone/cyclohexane and methanol/toluene/tetrahydrofuran). The compo…

Environment, Lifestyles, and Climate Change: The Many Nongenetic Contributors to The Long and Winding Road to Autoimmune Diseases.

A critical unanswered question is what is causing the increase in the prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases around the world. G … exercise, and sleep patterns, as well as climate change impacts of increased heat, storms, floods, wildfires, droughts, UV radiation, malnutrition, and changing infections, as possible contributors. Substantial investments in defining the role of causal factors, in whom and when their effects are most important, the necessary and sufficient gene-environmen …

Climate Change Impact on Outdoor Organizations Today.

INTRODUCTION: Outdoor recreation and tourism providers, education programs, and outdoor recreation facilities are experiencing the effects o … utdoor operations. Extreme heat and air quality were of primary concern, with storm event flooding, wildfires, snowpack, and changes in the ranges of disease-carrying insects top concerns. Fewer than half the operations have established criteria to aid in decision making, yet most had to revise operational plans in 2023 due to extreme weather. CONCLUSIONS: …

CAECENET: An automatic system processing photometer and ceilometer data from different networks to provide columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties.

This work introduces CAECENET, a new system capable of automatically retrieving columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties running … lues around 0.5 in Madrid and Valladolid, and reaching 1.55 in Granada. Transport from the Canadian wildfires at the end of June 2023 is also studied. Despite the long-range transport of the smoke particles in this event, measured volume concentrations reached and surpassed 80 μm3/cm3 in some stations. The results obtained point to the utility of this CAECE …

Variable aging and storage of dissolved black carbon in the ocean.

During wildfires and fossil fuel combustion, biomass is converted to black carbon (BC) via incomplete combustion. BC enters the ocean by rivers and atmospheric deposition contributing to the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. The fate of BC is considered to reside in the marine DOC pool, where the oldest BC 14C ages have been measured (>20,000 14C y), implying long-term storage. DOC is the largest exchangeable pool of organic carbon in the oceans, yet most DOC (>80%) remains molecularly uncharacterized. Here, we report 14C measurements on size-fractionated dissolved BC (DBC) obtained …

Air pollution and COPD: GOLD 2023 committee report.

Exposure to air pollution is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of COPD worldwide. Indeed, most recent estimates suggest that 50% of th … pollution and the relationship between air pollution levels and respiratory events is supra-linear. Wildfires and extreme weather events such as heat waves, which are becoming more common owing to climate change, are major threats to COPD patients and acutely increase their risk of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to air pollution also impairs lung growth …

Blocking CXCL1-dependent neutrophil recruitment prevents immune damage and reduces pulmonary bacterial infection after inhalation injury.

Smoke inhalation associated with structural fires, wildfires, or explosions leads to lung injury, for which innovative and clinically relevant animal models are needed to develop effective therapeutics. We have previously reported that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and anti-inflammatory cytokines correlate with infectious complications in patients diagnosed with inhalational injury. In this study, we describe a novel and translational murine model of acute inhalational injury characterized by an accumulation of protein and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar space, as well as his…

Перелетные птицы моделированы в качестве важнейших транспортных агентов для вируса Западного Нила в Северной Америке.

Вирус Западного Нила распространился быстрее, чем ожидалось в Западном полушарии. Мы проверили кулинарные комары и птицы дальнего действия как потенциальные агенты распространения вируса, используя следующие методы: 1) распределение переносчиков москито было смоделировано с использованием подхода, основанного на моделировании экологических ниш (GARP), для составления карты пригодности ландшафта для передачи вируса от комаров. 2) Моделирование распространения было разработано с помощью алгоритма, первоначально разработанного для моделирования распространения лесных пожаров (EMBYR), сеющих перво

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
West Nile Virus has spread more rapidly than expected in the Western Hemisphere. We tested Culex mosquitoes and long-distance migratory bird … ulations of spread were developed with an algorithm originally developed for modeling the spread of wildfires (EMBYR), seeding an initial presence of the virus in the New York City area. (3) Alternative spread scenarios were developed as (a) just mosquitoes as movement agents (spread simulation seeded once at New York City and allowed to spread across the m …

High roughness and porosity of indoor surfaces increases sorption capacity and may impact indoor air quality.

Surface properties impact indoor gas-surface interactions and thus indoor air quality. Specific surface area impacts sorption capacity, while pores increase diffusion and storage in the bulk material. We measured roughness, porosity, and specific surface area of eleven common indoor surfaces and calculate the sorption capacity of an authentic office space. The specific surface area of the office is four orders of magnitude greater than the geometric surface area typically considered in indoor studies. Paint decreases the specific surface area for wood and drywall. Due to the substantial sorpti

Acute wood smoke exposure is associated with cell-specific hippocampal transcriptomic responses in an accelerated ovarian failure mouse model.

BACKGROUND: Wildfire events are increasing in frequency and intensity, and it is well-known that aging individuals are more susceptible to air pollution exposures, and that air pollution exposures result in neurological sequelae. Despite this, it is unclear how declining levels of ovarian hormones that naturally occur in aging females influence brain vulnerability to air pollution. Menopause and the menopausal transition represent a period of profound physiological change that affects cardiovascular, neurological, and immune health. METHODS: We tested whether perimenopausal-like hormonal stat

'When you go to bed, and you cannot sleep … ': smallholder farmers' experiences and perceptions of climate change events and their impacts on health in northern Ghana.

Despite the critical role of smallholder farmers in promoting food and nutrition security, research suggests that their health is severely threatened by experiences of climate change events. Our study assesses smallholder farmers' experiences and perceptions of rainfall, drought, flood, storm, and wildfire; and explores how such experiences impact food security and health. We employ the convergent mixed-method design, combining binomial regression analysis of survey data from a random-purposive sample of 1042 smallholder farmers with qualitative insights from inductive thematic analysis of dat

A multiplex PCR-Cas12a-lateral flow platform for pooled screening of four major tobacco pathogen groups.

Tobacco production is increasingly threatened by pathogens such as Ralstonia, Phytophthora, Alternaria, and Pseudomonas, which cause bacterial wilt, black shank, brown spot, and wildfire, respectively. Conventional diagnostics typically target single pathogens, and reliable methods for simultaneous multi-pathogen detection remain limited. Here, we developed a multiplex PCR-Cas12a-LFD platform for the pooled multi-target screening of four major tobacco pathogens. Multiplex PCR amplifies pathogen-specific 16S rRNA and ITS regions, while Cas12a-crRNA complexes specifically recognize the amplicons

Photoinduced Intraparticle Chemistry Drives the Rapid Atmospheric Oxidation of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol.

Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest global source of organic aerosol (OA), with its impact on climate and air quality expected to rise with global warming. Aircraft measurements of BB plumes show a rapid increase in the OA oxidation state, which could not be reproduced in simulation chambers based on gas-phase oxidation. Here, we investigate isolation key aging processes of BB emissions in controlled chamber experiments, including the effects of ultraviolet-A irradiation, OH-driven secondary OA formation, heterogeneous OH oxidation or ozonolysis, and evaporation. We find that ultraviole

Respiratory Emergencies in Disasters: A Narrative Review.

Disasters cause a wide spectrum of respiratory injuries and affect hundreds of millions of people each year. Because the respiratory system is in continuous contact with the external environment, it is among the most vulnerable systems in disaster settings. Silica-and asbestos-containing dust released from earthquake debris, fine particulate matter from wildfire smoke, mold spores in flood-damaged interiors, ash and acidic gases from volcanic eruptions, toxic industrial chemicals released during chemical incidents, barotrauma from explosions, and biological or pandemic threats each trigger acu

Air pollution exposure among people with limitations in activities of daily living in the United States.

Structural barriers including limited healthcare access and disability-related health conditions make disabled people differentially susceptible to air pollution-related adverse health outcomes compared to nondisabled people. We used 2020 census-tract level counts of individuals with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) to identify a subset of disabled people. We described geographic areas where this population was highly exposed to air pollution in the contiguous U.S., indicsating health risk. We assessed census tract-level exposure to PM2.5, O3, NO2 (2016-2020), and wildfire PM2.

Immune-mediated disease caused by climate change-associated environmental hazards: mitigation and adaptation.

Global warming and climate change have increased the pollen burden and the frequency and intensity of wildfires, sand and dust storms, thunderstorms, and heatwaves - with concomitant increases in air pollution, heat stress, and flooding. These environmental stressors alter the human exposome and trigger complex immune responses. In parallel, pollutants, allergens, and other environmental factors increase the risks of skin and mucosal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis, while a loss of biodiversity and reduced exposure to microbial diversity impairs tolerogenic immune development. The r…

Molecular docking and in vitro antibacterial activity of chiral phthalimide on ESBL producing gram negative bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance is tricky enemy that challenges our healthcare system. It is a stealthy, adaptive and ever evolving opponent, which can take years to develop but can spread like wildfire. In this study, derivatives of chiral phthalimides were developed with this aim to control the growth of resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by targeting their resistance causing proteins and explore their binding interaction focal points through computational docking. Total 8 novel chiral phthalimides were synthesized and its antibiogram analysis was do

Chemical Structure Regulates the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol and Brown Carbon in Nitrate Radical Oxidation of Pyrroles and Methylpyrroles.

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important components of wildfire emissions that are readily reactive toward nitrate radicals (NO3) during nighttime, but the oxidation mechanism and the potential formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) are unclear. Here, NO3 oxidation of three nitrogen-containing heterocyclic VOCs, pyrrole, 1-methylyrrole (1-MP), and 2-methylpyrrole (2-MP), was investigated in chamber experiments to determine the effect of precursor structures on SOA and BrC formation. The SOA chemical compositions and the optic

Inositol and vitamin D may naturally protect human reproduction and women undergoing assisted reproduction from Covid-19 risk.

In late 2019, the new Coronavirus has been identified in the city of Wuhan then COVID-19 spreads like wildfire in the rest of the world. Pregnant women represent a risk category for increased abortion rates and vertical transmission with adverse events on the newborns has been recently confirmed. The scientific world is struggling for finding an effective cure for counteracting symptomatology. Today, there are many therapeutic proposes but none of them can effectively counteract the infection. Moreover, many of these compounds show important side effects not justifying their use. Scientific li

Evaluation of stream chemistry trends in US Geological Survey reference watersheds, 1970-2010.

The Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) is a long-term monitoring program established by the US Geological Survey in the 1960s to track changes in the streamflow and stream chemistry in undeveloped watersheds across the USA. Trends in stream chemistry were tested at 15 HBN stations over two periods (1970-2010 and 1990-2010) using the parametric Load Estimator (LOADEST) model and the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test. Trends in annual streamflow and precipitation chemistry also were tested to help identify likely drivers of changes in stream chemistry. At stations in the northeastern USA, ther