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New light on chemotherapy toxicity and its prevention.

Most patients with cancer receive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is associated with a number of potentially life-threatening side effects. There is a need to ameliorate chemotoxicity to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life. Chemotoxicity arises from systemic DNA damage and inflammation in healthy cells due to chemotherapy drugs. Traditionally, these processes are believed to be caused by the direct death of normal cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. However, new research has challenged this dogma by suggesting that chemotoxicity is a secondary effect associated with the rel

Recent Advances in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Cancer Diagnosis, Target Drug Delivery, and Treatment.

Cancer is regarded as one of the most deadly and mirthless diseases and it develops due to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. To date, varieties of traditional medications and chemotherapies have been utilized to fight tumors. However, their immense drawbacks, such as reduced bioavailability, insufficient supply, and significant adverse effects, make their use limited. Nanotechnology has evolved rapidly in recent years and offers a wide spectrum of applications in the healthcare sectors. Nanoscale materials offer strong potential for curing cancer as they pose low risk and fewer complica

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications.

Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant phenolic compound found in green tea. It has been shown to regulate multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, including those mediated by EGFR, JAK-STAT, MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and others. Deregulation of the abovementioned pathways is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EGCG may exe

ECC-4 Abstracts

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Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in feline injection site sarcoma.

BackgroundChronic inflammation has been implicated in sarcomagenesis. Among various factors, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been documented being able to target genes associated with tumor progression and up-regulate the expression of tumor-promoting cytokines and survival genes in several human solid tumors. Feline injection sites sarcomas (FISS) are malignant entities derived from the mesenchymal origin. The disease has been considered to be associated with vaccine adjuvant, aluminum, which serves as a stimulus continuously inducing overzealous inflammator

Anti-Cancer Research Progress of Triptolide: Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, Nanodelivery Systems and Clinical Challenges.

Triptolide is a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from traditional Chinese medicine with notable anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical utility is hampered by poor solubility, a narrow therapeutic index, and multi-organ toxicity. In response, extensive efforts have been made to improve its efficacy and safety profile. This review critically examines recent progress in Triptolide research, covering its mechanisms of action, derivative design, drug delivery systems, and cancer-specific applications. It also evaluates its clinical potential against panc

Pharmaceutical Chaperones and Proteostasis Regulators in the Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Current Perspective and Future Promises.

Different approaches have been utilized or proposed for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) including enzyme replacement and hematopoietic stem cell transplant therapies, both aiming to compensate for the enzymatic loss of the underlying mutated lysosomal enzymes. However, these approaches have their own limitations and therefore the vast majority of LSDs are either still untreatable or their treatments are inadequate. Missense mutations affecting enzyme stability, folding and cellular trafficking are common in LSDs resulting often in low protein half-life, premature degradatio

Рефлексивный ГИЛЬЯЙН-БАРРЕ СИНДРОМ В ХОДЕ С АЗИМПТОМАТИЧЕСКИМ МНОГОЛЕМЕНТОМ МИЛОМЫ, С КОТОРЫМ БУДЕТ ОБРАЩАТЬСЯ С НИЗКИМ РИТЕКСИМАБОМ.

Несмотря на чрезвычайную редкость, синдром Гильен-Барре (ГБС) был признан неврологическим осложнением множественной миэломы с переменной реакцией на плазмеферез (PEX), иммуноглобулины (IVIG) и антимиеломную терапию. В настоящем документе сообщается о случае, когда пациентка с асимптоматической множественной миеломой (АММ), первоначально представлявшая себя как PEX- и IVIG-refractory GBS. После отказа PEX, IVIG и антимиеломатерапии (bortezomib, elphalan и padnison) пациент в конечном итоге успешно лечился ритуксимой с низкой дозой ().100 мг/м2 в неделю four Дозы). Насколько нам известно, это пе

Nanoparticles for Effective Combination Therapy of Cancer.

Cancer continues to remains a major healthcare problem across the world despite strong translational research efforts towards tackling the disease. Surgery, when possible, along with radiation and chemotherapy continue to remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Novel targeted therapies or biologics and immunotherapies have recently been approved to improve treatment efficacies while reducing collateral damage to normal, non-cancerous tissues. Combination therapies have shown better results than individual monotherapies in the clinic but often the improvements in therapeutic indices remain mar

Osteoporosis Drug Treatment Update.

The Brazilian population is aging and the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis, is increasing. The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis have made significant advances in the last decade. The orthopedist and traumatologist can no longer be detained only in the surgical treatment of osteoporotic fracture. It is extremely important that we know: 1) what risk factors to evaluate, and the Fracture Risk Assesment Tool (FRAX) can be used; 2) which complementary tests should be requested, such as densitometry, radiography of the spine and pelvis, blood and urine tests

Renal AL Amyloidosis: Updates on Diagnosis, Staging, and Management.

AL amyloidosis is caused by the excessive production of nonfunctional immunoglobulins, leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils that damage vital organs, especially the heart and kidneys. AL amyloidosis presents with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, numbness, pain, and nephrotic syndrome. Consequently, diagnosis is often delayed, and patients typically present with advanced disease at diagnosis. The Pavia renal staging model stratifies patients based on their likelihood of progressing to dialysis. Treatment with daratumumab plus cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexametha

Emergency Department Management of Common End-of-Life and Palliative Care Symptoms: Three Cases

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Legal access to medications: a threat to Brazil's public health system?

BackgroundIn Brazil, health is fundamental human right guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988, which created the Brazilian Universal Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). The SUS provides medications for outpatient care via policy of pharmaceutical assistance (PA) programmes. Despite the advances in PA policies which include the improvement in access to medications, there has been a significant increase in lawsuits related to health products and services. This study aimed to characterize the medication processes filed between 2010 and 2014 against the Secretary of State for Health of S

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… The medicines were also grouped according to active principle, considering all similar dosage forms. … An analysis of the medicines grouped according to their active ingredients and dosage forms indicated that of the 20 most requested medicines, insulin glargine (6.3%) and insulin aspart (3.3%) were the two most requested medications, followed by methylphenidate (3.1%) and ranibizumab (3.0%) (Table 2 …

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence.

Mesenchymal stem cells form a population of self-renewing, multipotent cells that can be isolated from several tissues. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of exogenous MSC could prevent renal injury and could promote renal recovery through a series of complex mechanisms, in particular via immunomodulation of the immune system and release of paracrine factors and microvesicles. Due to their therapeutic potentials, MSC are being evaluated as a possible player in treatment of human kidney disease, and an increasing number of clinical trials to assess the safety

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Cinnamon Aqueous Extract: A Focus on Hematological Malignancies.

Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune ce

Pathological Mechanisms of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Bortezomib, a first-generation proteasome inhibitor widely used in chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, has effective anti-cancer activity but often causes severe peripheral neuropathy. Although bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity, there are no recommended therapeutics for its prevention or treatment. One of the most critical problems is a lack of knowledge about pathological mechanisms of BIPN. Here, we summarize the known mechanisms of BIPN based on preclinical evidence, including morphological abnormalities, involvement of non-neuronal cells, oxid

Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease or Cancer: A Historical Perspective.

Anemia is common in patients with cancer or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) has transformed the management of anemia, their use has been complicated by a number of factors including frequent guideline updates, safety concerns and, in the United States, a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program, which aimed to ensure that the benefits of ESAs outweigh the risks. Many previous concerns around ESA use in cancer and CKD have been addressed by the reassuring results of post-approval studies, and biosimilar ESAs

Antibodies to watch in 2021.

In this 12th annual installment of the Antibodies to Watch article series, we discuss key events in antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2020 and forecast events that might occur in 2021. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed an array of challenges and opportunities to the healthcare system in 2020, and it will continue to do so in 2021. Remarkably, by late November 2020, two anti-SARS-CoV antibody products, bamlanivimab and the casirivimab and imdevimab cocktail, were authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the repurposed an

A novel approach for the enumeration of peripheral blood stem cells suitable for transplantation.

Stem cells have the capability to proliferate and differentiate into various cells of the body. Few stem cell sources have been approved for transplantation, among them are the hematopoietic progenitor cells which are progenitors of the myeloid and erythroid lineage in the hematopoietic system, that continually provides mature blood cells during the lifespan of the individual. These well-characterized stem cells are clinically relevant in the treatment of diseases such as breast cancer, leukemias, and congenital immunodeficiencies. Peripheral blood stem transplantation is a standard procedure